Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the overall function of blood?
To provide the medium 6-8% of body weight, in which to carry out systemic circulatory transport, the function of the circulatory system.
What are the 5 types of white blood cells (Leukocytes)?
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, monocytes (macrophages), Eosinophils, Basophils
Life cycle of RBCs
They are created in the red bone marrow. They live about 120 days shuttling O2 and carbon dioxide, and then certain WBCs destroy them in the liver and spleen. As the RBCs are destroyed, the iron they contain is recycled back to the red bone marrow to be used in new cells. The rest of the material in the old red blood cells is degraded and transported to the digestive system
Release histamines. Inflammation, anti-clotting
Basophils
Help defend the body against invading organisms, particularly parasitic worms. Inflammation, immunity
Eosinophils
Most abundant WBCs. They eat bacteria. Phagocytosis
Neutrophils
Key players in adaptive immune response, two of their functions are to destroy virally infected cells and to make defensive proteins called antibodies. Immune response
Lymphocytes
Precursors to macrophages. Macrophages digest bacteria and viruses. Phagocytosis
Monocytes (Macrophages)
Also called thrombocytes, pieces of cells that work to form blood clots
Platelets
Cellular portion of blood or “formed elements” makes up 40-50% of whole blood
RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
Non-cellular portion or “Plasma” makes up 50-60% of whole blood
Water 91-92% acts as a solvent, Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen) 7% defense, clotting, lipid transport, Solutes (ions, sugar, lipids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins, dissolved gases) 2% osmotic balance, pH
Describe the pulmonary circulation cycle
It is the first pathway of your two circuit circulatory system, brings blood to your lungs for oxygenation.
- Deoxygenated blood from your body enters the right atrium of your heart through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
- From the right atrium, the deoxygenated blood drains into the right ventricle through the right AV valve.
- The right ventricle then contracts, forcing the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery.
- The pulmonary artery carries the blood thats very low in O2 to the lungs, where it becomes oxygenated
Describe the systemic circulation cycle
Brings oxygenated blood to the cells of your body.
- Freshly oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins
- The pulmonary veins push the oxygenated blood into the left atrium, which then relaxes, allowing the blood to drain into the left ventricle through the left AV valve.
- As the left ventricle contracts, the oxygenated blood is pumped into the main artery of the body-the aorta.
- The aorta branches into other arteries, when then branch into smaller arterioles, carrying oxygenated blood all around your body.
Where is O2 exchanged for carbon dioxide?
Throughout your body, arterioles meet up with capillaries where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
What are the only veins that contain oxygenated blood?
pulmonary veins
Briefly describe the hearts cycle
- The left and right atrias contract “systole”
- The left and right atria relaxes “diastole” and the ventricles contract “systole”= both valves slam shut
- When the ventricular systole ends, the R &L semilunar valves slam shut
- For 1/2 a second, both atria and ventricles remain in diastole together-the atria and 80% of the ventricles passively fill
- The cycle starts over again typically about 60-80 cycles a minute
Normal blood pressure in systolic
100-119
Normal blood pressure in diastolic
60-79
Hypotension systolic
less than 100
Hypotension diastolic
less than 60
Prehypertension systolic
120-139
Prehypertension diastolic
80-139
Hypertension systolic
140 and up
Hypertension diastolic
90 and up