Chapter 10.3

Question 1

When does glomerular filtration occur?

Answer 1

When whole blood enters the glomerulus by way of the afferent arteriole

Question 2

Due to glomerular blood pressure, water and small molecules move from?

Answer 2

The glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule

Question 3

The nonfilterable components leave the glomerulus by way of?

Answer 3

Efferent arteriole

Question 4

Once the nonfilterable components leave, the glomerular filtrate inside the glomerular capsule now contains?

Answer 4

The filterable blood components in approximately the same concentration as plasma

Question 5

Nephrons in the kidneys filter how much water per day?

Answer 5

180 liters, along with a considerable amount of small molecules (such as glucose) and ions (such as sodium)

Question 6

If the composition of urine were the same as that of the glomerular filtrate, the body would?

Answer 6

Continually lose water, salts, and nutrients

Question 7

Tubular reabsorption occurs as

Answer 7

molecules and ions are passively and actively reabsorbed from the nephron into the blood of the peritubular capillary network

Question 8

The osmolarity of the blood is maintained by the presence of?

Answer 8

Plasma proteins and salt

Question 9

When sodium ions are actively reabsorbed what follows passively?

Answer 9

Chloride ions (CI-)

Question 10

The reabsorption of salt (NaCI) increases the osmolarity of?

Answer 10

The blood compared with the filtrate

Question 11

Water moves passively from?

Answer 11

The tubule into the blood

Question 12

About how much of Na+ is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 12

65%

Question 13

What returns to the peritubular capillaries almost exclusively at the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 13

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids

Question 14

Only molecules recognized by carrier proteins are?

Answer 14

Actively reabsorbed

Question 15

What happens is diabetes mellitus

Answer 15

The liver and muscles fail to store glucose as glycogen, so the blood glucose level is above normal and glucose appears in the urine

Question 16

The presence of excess glucose in the filtrate raises its

Answer 16

Osmolarity

Question 17

Frequent urination and increased thirst experienced by people with untreated diabetes are due to

Answer 17

Less water being reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood

Question 18

The filtrate that enters the proximal convoluted tubule is divided into two portions:

Answer 18

1. Components reabsorbed from the tubule into blood

2. Components not reabsorbed that continue to pass through the nephron to be further processed into urine

Question 19

Reabsorbed filtrate components are

Answer 19

1. Most water
2. Nutrients
3. Required salts (ions)

Question 20

Nonreabsorbed filtrate components

Answer 20

1. Some water
2. Much nitrogenous waste
3. Excess salts (ions)

Question 21

Substances not reabsorbed become

Answer 21

The tubular fluid, which enters the loop of the nephron

Question 22

A second way in which substances are removed from blood and added to the tubular fluid

Answer 22

Tubular secretion

Question 23

What are some of the substances moved by active transport from blood into the kidney tubule?

Answer 23

1. Hydrogen ions (H+)
2. Creatinine
3. Drugs such as penicillin

Question 24

Urine contains substances that have undergone glomerular filtration but have not?

Answer 24

Been reabsorbed and substances that have undergone tubular secretion

Question 25

Tubular secretion is now known to occur?

Answer 25

Along the length of the kidney tubule