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Human Biology > Chapter 6 course packet > Flashcards

Chapter 6 course packet Flashcards

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1
Q

The overall function of blood is

A

To provide the medium in which to carry out systemic circulatory transport. To provide the rapid transport throughout the body of: O2 & CO2, nutrients & vitamins, plasma proteins, immune factors, clotting factors, hormones, lipids, water, salts & other salutes

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2
Q

The factors that make up blood are?

A

1) Non cellular portion (plasma) 50-60%

2) Cellular portion (formed elements) 40-50%

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3
Q

What is the plasma (non cellular) portion of blood

A

1) Water 91-92% acts as a solvent
2) Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen) 7% acts for defense, clotting, lipid transport
3) Solutes (ions, sugar, lipids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins, dissolved gases) 2% acts for osmotic balance, pH

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4
Q

What makes up the formed elements (cellular portion) of blood

A

1) RBCs or Erythrocytes 4.8-5.4 million for O2 & CO2 transport
2) WBCs
3) Platelets for clotting

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5
Q

What are each of the WBC’s & what are they used for?

A

1) Neutrophils-Phagocytosis
2) Lymphocytes-Immune response
3) Monocytes (macrophages)-Phagocytosis
4) Eosinophils-Inflammation, immunity
5) Basophils-clotting

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6
Q

The most abundant white blood cells are?

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

The least abundant white blood cells are?

A

Basophils

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8
Q

Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

Use granule contents to digest large pathogens, such as worms, and reduce inflammation

A

Eosinophils

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10
Q

Promote blood flow to injured tissues and the inflammatory response

A

Basophils

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11
Q

Responsible for specific immunity

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

Become macrophages that phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris

A

Monocytes

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13
Q

B cells produce

A

Antibodies

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14
Q

T cells destroy

A

Cancer and virus-infected cells

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15
Q

Life cycle of Red Blood Cells

A

1) Stem cell
2) Red bone marrow
3) Nucleated “pre-erythrocyte”
4) Nucleus expelled
5) Erythrocyte (120 days in circulation)
6) Most go to the spleen/liver where the macrophages take over
7) Some amino acids & iron left over which go to
8) Red bone marrow
9) Those that don’t go to the spleen/liver go to bilirubin
10) To liver
11) Mixed with bile
12) Used in digestion

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16
Q

Quaternary protein structure of hemoglobin (or Hb)

A
  • 1 structure- Primary structure (amino acid sequence)
  • 2 structure- Secondary each chain bends into an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
  • 3 structure-Tertiary Helices bend back and fourth to form a specific 3D globular shape, each w/a heme group & iron
  • 4 structure-Quaternary 4 globes arrange symmetrically into the molecular form
17
Q

What is oxygens effect

A

When O2 binds w/the iron in heme groups, the Hb is called oxyhemoglobin & it turns bright red

18
Q

What factors influence O2 binding to Hb

A

pH, temperature, Po2 & PCO2

19
Q

Which of the blood typings are co-dominant?

A

A & B

20
Q

A person does not carry antibodies against

A

One’s own blood type

21
Q

What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type A

A

A

22
Q

What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type B

A

B

23
Q

What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type AB

A

Both A&B

24
Q

What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type O

A

None

25
Q

Surface antigens that would be foreign to blood type A

A

B

26
Q

Surface antigens that would be foreign to blood type B

A

A

27
Q

Surface antigens that would be foreign to blood type AB

A

Neither

28
Q

Surface antigens that would be foreign to blood type O

A

Both A & B

29
Q

What blood types can be used in a transfusion for blood type A

A

A or O

30
Q

What blood types can be used in a transfusion for blood type B

A

B or O

31
Q

What blood types can be used in a transfusion for blood type AB

A

All “Universal recipient”

32
Q

What blood types can be used in a transfusion for blood type O

A

Only O “Universal donor”

33
Q

What is RH blood typing?

A

One example of another marker, if present “+” if absent “-“ Problems arise when and RH- mother has a RH+ baby

Human Biology (42 decks)

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