Chapter 6 course packet Flashcards
The overall function of blood is
To provide the medium in which to carry out systemic circulatory transport. To provide the rapid transport throughout the body of: O2 & CO2, nutrients & vitamins, plasma proteins, immune factors, clotting factors, hormones, lipids, water, salts & other salutes
The factors that make up blood are?
1) Non cellular portion (plasma) 50-60%
2) Cellular portion (formed elements) 40-50%
What is the plasma (non cellular) portion of blood
1) Water 91-92% acts as a solvent
2) Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen) 7% acts for defense, clotting, lipid transport
3) Solutes (ions, sugar, lipids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins, dissolved gases) 2% acts for osmotic balance, pH
What makes up the formed elements (cellular portion) of blood
1) RBCs or Erythrocytes 4.8-5.4 million for O2 & CO2 transport
2) WBCs
3) Platelets for clotting
What are each of the WBC’s & what are they used for?
1) Neutrophils-Phagocytosis
2) Lymphocytes-Immune response
3) Monocytes (macrophages)-Phagocytosis
4) Eosinophils-Inflammation, immunity
5) Basophils-clotting
The most abundant white blood cells are?
Neutrophils
The least abundant white blood cells are?
Basophils
Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Neutrophils
Use granule contents to digest large pathogens, such as worms, and reduce inflammation
Eosinophils
Promote blood flow to injured tissues and the inflammatory response
Basophils
Responsible for specific immunity
Lymphocytes
Become macrophages that phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Monocytes
B cells produce
Antibodies
T cells destroy
Cancer and virus-infected cells
Life cycle of Red Blood Cells
1) Stem cell
2) Red bone marrow
3) Nucleated “pre-erythrocyte”
4) Nucleus expelled
5) Erythrocyte (120 days in circulation)
6) Most go to the spleen/liver where the macrophages take over
7) Some amino acids & iron left over which go to
8) Red bone marrow
9) Those that don’t go to the spleen/liver go to bilirubin
10) To liver
11) Mixed with bile
12) Used in digestion
Quaternary protein structure of hemoglobin (or Hb)
- 1 structure- Primary structure (amino acid sequence)
- 2 structure- Secondary each chain bends into an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
- 3 structure-Tertiary Helices bend back and fourth to form a specific 3D globular shape, each w/a heme group & iron
- 4 structure-Quaternary 4 globes arrange symmetrically into the molecular form
What is oxygens effect
When O2 binds w/the iron in heme groups, the Hb is called oxyhemoglobin & it turns bright red
What factors influence O2 binding to Hb
pH, temperature, Po2 & PCO2
Which of the blood typings are co-dominant?
A & B
A person does not carry antibodies against
One’s own blood type
What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type A
A
What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type B
B
What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type AB
Both A&B
What are the RBC surface antigens for blood type O
None
