Exam 4 Vocabulary Flashcards by Chantelle Smith

Muscles that contribute to the same movement along a joint are

Synergistic

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System of the brain that deals with base emotions

Limbic

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Type of joint that fills the area between joints and allows little movement

Cartilaginous

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Nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

Central nervous system (CNS)

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Somatic sense that detects/interprets light

Photoreceptor

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This gap separates neurons that are exchanging messages

Synaptic cleft

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Outermost layer of the kidney

Renal Capsule

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PTH promotes these cells to dissolve the one to release the main ion that is stored there

Osteoclasts

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Somatic sense that detects pain

Nociceptor

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Skeleton that includes the skull, rib cage, and spine

Axial

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Portion of the kidney that includes the glomeruli

Renal cortex

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This is the relay station of the brain

Thalamus

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Somatic sense that detects things such as smell and taste

Chemoreceptor

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The understanding of specific change in the external or internal environment that the body can detect through sensory receptors; of which you are conscious of

Perception

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In muscle cells, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores calcium and is called the ______ Reticulum

Sarcoplasmic

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Conscious awareness of a specific change in the external or internal environment that the body can detect through sensory receptors

Sensation

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This sheath wraps around neurons in order to speed up the conduction

Myelin

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These plates are the site of bone growth in long bones

Epiphyseal

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The other protein macromolecules that make up the basic unit of contraction

Myosin

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The motor neuron releases this chemical across the synaptic cleft at the motor end plate to trigger am impulse in the muscle

Acetylcholine

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Lucanae house the bone cells that are also known as

Osteocytes

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Output zone of the neuron

Axon endings

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The build up of ________ acid leads to muscle fatigue

Lactic

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This type of bone lightens the weight without sacrificing strenghth

Spongy

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Conduction zone of the neuron

The axon

Bones are known to be large storage areas of this ion

Calcium

These areas are also known as canals and contain CSF

Cavities

This drug blocks the reuptake of dopamine and epinephrine in the pleasure centers

Cocaine

These nerves deal with fight or flight response

Sympathetic

Muscles basic unit of contraction

Sarcomere

At rest, there is more of this ion on the inside of the neuron than the outside

potassium

This hormone promotes osteoblasts to store more of the main ion in the bones

Calcitonin

Site of filtration within the nephron

Glomerulus

Nervous system that includes everything but the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

This type of potential leads to depolarization of the neuron that self propagates

Action

One of the four basic tastes

Sweet

One of the protein macromolecules that make up the basic unit of contraction

Actin

Different motor units take turns to reduce fatigue during maximum repeated stimulations. This is known as

Tetany

These allow nutrients/wastes to move in/out of the bone cells

Canaliculi

Cell that supports those that are conducting messages

Neuroglia

Stimulation of a single motor unit causes this

Muscle twitch

Layer of the kidney that includes the loop of henle and portions of the proximal/distal tubules

Medulla

Collecting area of the kidney before urine enters the ureter

Renal pelvis

This kind of membrane potential sits at -70mV (millivolts)

Resting

Another term for our sense of smell

Olfactory

Name of the arteriole leaving the glomeruli

Efferent

At rest, there is more of this ion on the outside of the neuron than the inside

Sodium

Within the PNS, this system deals with things that you are conscious of

Somatic

This system controls your level of consciousness

RAS

Master endocrine gland

Pituitary

Motor neurons that send impulses out of the CNS are also known as this

Efferent

Cell that conducts nervous impulses throughout the body

Neuron

Type of joint that is dense and in adulthood does not allow movement

Fibrous

These nerves deal with the ease and feast responses

Parasympathetic

Middle layer of the eye

Vascular

Trigger zone of the neuron

The axon hillock

Inner portion of the eye

Sensory

Within the PNS, this system deals with things that you are NOT conscious of

Autonomic

Type of joint that is filled with fluid and allows free movement

Synovial

Among other things, this brain area controls circulatory/respiratory reflexes and fine motor control

Hindbrain

This sense involves an outer, middle, and inner portions

Hearing

This part of the brain deals with reflex coordination to sight and sound input

Midbrain

Outermost layer of the eye

Fibrous

Compact bone is made up of parallel

Osteons

This tubule is known for actively transporting sodium back into the blood

Proximal

This area of the brain deals with motor, memory, abstract thought, sensory, and special senses

Cerebral cortex

This coordinates nervous and endocrine control

Hypothalalmus

Threadlike structure inside muscle cells

Myofibrils

Sensory nerves that bring information to the CNS are also known as this

Affterent

Input zone of the neuron

Dendrites

A stimulus must be strong enough or sustained long enough to cross this level before a nerve impulse is generated

Threshold

A specific change in the external or internal environment that the body can detect through sensory receptors

Stimulus

Repeated stimulations of the muscle before it is allowed to relax is known as this

Temporal Summation

Fluid within our cells

Intracellular fluid

This hormone increases the permeability of water in the distal tubules and collecting duct (resulting in less quantity but more concentrated urine)

Antidiuretic

Muscles that counteract other muscles are

Antagonistic

These three canals detect head movement and equilibrium

Semicircular

Somatic sense that detects pressure, tough, or position

Mechanoreceptor

Somatic sense that detects temperature

Thermoreceptor

This hormone increases the active transport of sodium in the distal tubules and collecting duct (resulting in less quantity but NOT more concentrated urine)

Aldosterone

Skeleton that includes everything BUT the skull, rib cage, and spine

Appendicular