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Human Biology > Exam 4 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Exam 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Muscles that contribute to the same movement along a joint are

A

Synergistic

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2
Q

System of the brain that deals with base emotions

A

Limbic

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3
Q

Type of joint that fills the area between joints and allows little movement

A

Cartilaginous

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4
Q

Nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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5
Q

Somatic sense that detects/interprets light

A

Photoreceptor

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6
Q

This gap separates neurons that are exchanging messages

A

Synaptic cleft

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7
Q

Outermost layer of the kidney

A

Renal Capsule

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8
Q

PTH promotes these cells to dissolve the one to release the main ion that is stored there

A

Osteoclasts

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9
Q

Somatic sense that detects pain

A

Nociceptor

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10
Q

Skeleton that includes the skull, rib cage, and spine

A

Axial

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11
Q

Portion of the kidney that includes the glomeruli

A

Renal cortex

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12
Q

This is the relay station of the brain

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Somatic sense that detects things such as smell and taste

A

Chemoreceptor

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14
Q

The understanding of specific change in the external or internal environment that the body can detect through sensory receptors; of which you are conscious of

A

Perception

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15
Q

In muscle cells, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores calcium and is called the ______ Reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic

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16
Q

Conscious awareness of a specific change in the external or internal environment that the body can detect through sensory receptors

A

Sensation

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17
Q

This sheath wraps around neurons in order to speed up the conduction

A

Myelin

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18
Q

These plates are the site of bone growth in long bones

A

Epiphyseal

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19
Q

The other protein macromolecules that make up the basic unit of contraction

A

Myosin

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20
Q

The motor neuron releases this chemical across the synaptic cleft at the motor end plate to trigger am impulse in the muscle

A

Acetylcholine

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21
Q

Lucanae house the bone cells that are also known as

A

Osteocytes

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22
Q

Output zone of the neuron

A

Axon endings

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23
Q

The build up of ________ acid leads to muscle fatigue

A

Lactic

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24
Q

This type of bone lightens the weight without sacrificing strenghth

A

Spongy

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25
Q

Conduction zone of the neuron

A

The axon

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26
Q

Bones are known to be large storage areas of this ion

A

Calcium

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27
Q

These areas are also known as canals and contain CSF

A

Cavities

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28
Q

This drug blocks the reuptake of dopamine and epinephrine in the pleasure centers

A

Cocaine

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29
Q

These nerves deal with fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

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30
Q

Muscles basic unit of contraction

A

Sarcomere

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31
Q

At rest, there is more of this ion on the inside of the neuron than the outside

A

potassium

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32
Q

This hormone promotes osteoblasts to store more of the main ion in the bones

A

Calcitonin

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33
Q

Site of filtration within the nephron

A

Glomerulus

34
Q

Nervous system that includes everything but the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

35
Q

This type of potential leads to depolarization of the neuron that self propagates

A

Action

36
Q

One of the four basic tastes

A

Sweet

37
Q

One of the protein macromolecules that make up the basic unit of contraction

A

Actin

38
Q

Different motor units take turns to reduce fatigue during maximum repeated stimulations. This is known as

A

Tetany

39
Q

These allow nutrients/wastes to move in/out of the bone cells

A

Canaliculi

40
Q

Cell that supports those that are conducting messages

A

Neuroglia

41
Q

Stimulation of a single motor unit causes this

A

Muscle twitch

42
Q

Layer of the kidney that includes the loop of henle and portions of the proximal/distal tubules

A

Medulla

43
Q

Collecting area of the kidney before urine enters the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

44
Q

This kind of membrane potential sits at -70mV (millivolts)

A

Resting

45
Q

Another term for our sense of smell

A

Olfactory

46
Q

Name of the arteriole leaving the glomeruli

A

Efferent

47
Q

At rest, there is more of this ion on the outside of the neuron than the inside

A

Sodium

48
Q

Within the PNS, this system deals with things that you are conscious of

A

Somatic

49
Q

This system controls your level of consciousness

A

RAS

50
Q

Master endocrine gland

A

Pituitary

51
Q

Motor neurons that send impulses out of the CNS are also known as this

A

Efferent

52
Q

Cell that conducts nervous impulses throughout the body

A

Neuron

53
Q

Type of joint that is dense and in adulthood does not allow movement

A

Fibrous

54
Q

These nerves deal with the ease and feast responses

A

Parasympathetic

55
Q

Middle layer of the eye

A

Vascular

56
Q

Trigger zone of the neuron

A

The axon hillock

57
Q

Inner portion of the eye

A

Sensory

58
Q

Within the PNS, this system deals with things that you are NOT conscious of

A

Autonomic

59
Q

Type of joint that is filled with fluid and allows free movement

A

Synovial

60
Q

Among other things, this brain area controls circulatory/respiratory reflexes and fine motor control

A

Hindbrain

61
Q

This sense involves an outer, middle, and inner portions

A

Hearing

62
Q

This part of the brain deals with reflex coordination to sight and sound input

A

Midbrain

63
Q

Outermost layer of the eye

A

Fibrous

64
Q

Compact bone is made up of parallel

A

Osteons

65
Q

This tubule is known for actively transporting sodium back into the blood

A

Proximal

66
Q

This area of the brain deals with motor, memory, abstract thought, sensory, and special senses

A

Cerebral cortex

67
Q

This coordinates nervous and endocrine control

A

Hypothalalmus

68
Q

Threadlike structure inside muscle cells

A

Myofibrils

69
Q

Sensory nerves that bring information to the CNS are also known as this

A

Affterent

70
Q

Input zone of the neuron

A

Dendrites

71
Q

A stimulus must be strong enough or sustained long enough to cross this level before a nerve impulse is generated

A

Threshold

72
Q

A specific change in the external or internal environment that the body can detect through sensory receptors

A

Stimulus

73
Q

Repeated stimulations of the muscle before it is allowed to relax is known as this

A

Temporal Summation

74
Q

Fluid within our cells

A

Intracellular fluid

75
Q

This hormone increases the permeability of water in the distal tubules and collecting duct (resulting in less quantity but more concentrated urine)

A

Antidiuretic

76
Q

Muscles that counteract other muscles are

A

Antagonistic

77
Q

These three canals detect head movement and equilibrium

A

Semicircular

78
Q

Somatic sense that detects pressure, tough, or position

A

Mechanoreceptor

79
Q

Somatic sense that detects temperature

A

Thermoreceptor

80
Q

This hormone increases the active transport of sodium in the distal tubules and collecting duct (resulting in less quantity but NOT more concentrated urine)

A

Aldosterone

81
Q

Skeleton that includes everything BUT the skull, rib cage, and spine

A

Appendicular

Human Biology (42 decks)

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