Chapter 9 Key terms

Question 1

Common passageway for both food intake and air movement, located between the mouth and the esophagus

Answer 1

Pharynx

Question 2

Chemical in the lungs that reduces the surface tension of H2O to keep the alveoli from collapsing

Answer 2

Surfactant

Question 3

Fold of tissue across the glottis within the larynx; creates vocal sounds when it vibrates

Answer 3

Vocal cords

Question 4

Form in which most of the CO2 is transported in the bloodstream

Answer 4

Bicarbonate ion

Question 5

Stage during breathing when air is pushed out of the lungs

Answer 5

Expiration

Question 6

What is anatomically incorrect?

Answer 6

The trachea enters the lungs

Question 7

How is inhaled air modified before it reaches the lungs?

Answer 7

It must be humidified, filtered, warmed

Question 8

What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the trachea?

Answer 8

Epiglottis

Question 9

Branched tubes that lead from bronchi to the alveoli

Answer 9

Bronchioles

Question 10

Reinforced tube that connects larynx with bronchi

Answer 10

Trachea

Question 11

Chamber behind oral cavity and between nasal cavity and larynx

Answer 11

Pharynx

Question 12

Opening into larynx

Answer 12

Glottis

Question 13

Divisions of the trachea that enter lungs

Answer 13

Bronchi

Question 14

What is incorrect concerning inspiration

Answer 14

The lungs expand because air comes rushing in

Question 15

Air enters the human lungs because

Answer 15

Atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the lungs

Question 16

The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath is called?

Answer 16

The vital capacity

Question 17

If air enters the intrapleural space (the space between the pleura) what will happen?

Answer 17

A lobe of the lung can collapse

Question 18

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Answer 18

Speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water, and the reverse

Question 19

Hemoglobin assists transport of gases by

Answer 19

combining with O2, combining with CO2, combining with H+, and being present in RBC’s

Question 20

In humans, the respiratory center

Answer 20

is Stimulated by CO2, is located in the medulla oblongata, and controls the rate of breathing

Question 21

What is not true of pulmonary disorders

Answer 21

Vital capacity is reduced due to loss of lung elasticity

Question 22

Name the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 22

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 23

How is the structure of the trachea important for respiration, as well as digestion?

Answer 23

It is important for respiratory because it’s walls of connective tissue and smooth muscle reinforced by C-shaped cartilaginous rings which prevent the trachea from collapsing

Question 24

Describe the structure of the alveolus, and explain how it is suited for gas exchange

Answer 24

The lungs have about 300 million alveoli. Each alveolar sac is surrounded by blood capillaries. Gas exchange occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries. O2 diffused across the alveoli wall and enters the bloodstream, and CO2 diffuses from the blood across the alveolar wall to enter the alveoli

Question 25

What are the steps of inspiration and expiration?

Answer 25

During inspiration the diaphragm contracts and becomes a flattened sheet of muscle. The external intercostal muscles contract, causing the rib cage to move upward and outward.
During expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.

Question 26

How is breathing controlled?

Answer 26

The rhythm of ventilation is controlled by a respiratory control center located in the medulla oblongata of the brain

Question 27

Describe what occurs during external respiration

Answer 27

Exchange of gases between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries. During external respiration in the lungs, HCO3- is converted to CO2, which exits the blood. O2 enters the blood and Hb carries O2 to the tissues

Question 28

Describe what occurs during internal respiration

Answer 28

O2 exits the blood, and CO2 enters the blood. Most of the CO2 enters RBC’s where it becomes the bicarbonate ion, carried in the plasma. Some Hb combines with CO2 and some with H+

Question 29

What are the two important equations for internal respiration

Answer 29

1. HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin) » Hb (hemoglobin) + O2 (Oxygen)
2. CO2 (Carbon dioxide) + H2O (Water) » Carbonic anhydrase » H2CO3 (Carbonic acid) » H+ (Hydrogen) + HCO3- (Bicarbonate ion)