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Human Biology > Chapter 5 circulation-Heart and blood vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 5 circulation-Heart and blood vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of?

A

The heart and the blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. contractions of the heart generate blood pressure, which moves blood through blood vessels
  2. blood vessels transport the blood from the heart into arteries, capillaries, and veins; and blood then returns to the heart so the circuit can be completed
  3. gas exchange (pickup of carbon dioxide waste and drop-off of oxygen for the cells) occur at the smallest diameter vessels, the capillaries and;
  4. the heart and blood vessels regulate blood flow, according to the needs of the body
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3
Q

What are the two cardiovascular system parallel and balanced circuits?

A

The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit

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4
Q

Define systole

A

The atria contracts

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5
Q

Define diastole

A

The atria relaxes and the ventricles contract “systole”

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6
Q

leakage of plasma from capillaries into tissue spaces. Allows for movement of substances into tissues.

A

Ultrafilteration

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7
Q

Division of autonomic nervous system that helps the body cope with stressors and with situations requiring high mental or physical activity

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical signal in heart to apex of ventricles to initiate contraction

A

Pukinje Fiber

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9
Q

Bone marrow cell that gives rise to platelets. Replicates its DNA without dividing, making cells many times larger than other cells.

A

Megakaryote

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10
Q

White blood cell that matures in bone marrow and gives rise to antibody-producing plasma cells

A

B lymphocyte (B cell)

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11
Q

Which of the 5 blood vessels have the thickest muscle layer?

A

Arteries

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12
Q

Which way does the blood travel in arteries?

A

Always travels away from the heart

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13
Q

The vessels that bring venous “low oxygen” blood to the right side of the heart are the?

A

Superior and Inferior vena cava

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14
Q

This artery brings blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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15
Q

The vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart are the?

A

Pulmonary veins

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16
Q

The vesicle that empties the left ventricle is the?

A

Aorta

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17
Q

Which side of the heart sends blood to the lungs and which side receives blood from the lungs?

A

The right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs and the left side of the heart receives blood back from the lungs

18
Q

Do the pulmonary carry blood that is high in O2 or low in O2?

A

Low

19
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit

A
  1. The superior and inferior vena cava takes the deoxygenated blood from our body and enters the right atrium of our heart
  2. From the right atrium the deoxygenated blood goes through the right AV valve into the right ventricle
  3. The right ventricle then contracts, forcing the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery
  4. The pulmonary artery carries the blood thats low in O2 to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated
20
Q

What is the order of the pulmonary circulation

A
  1. The superior/inferior vena cava
  2. Right atrium
  3. Right AV valve
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  6. Pulmonary artery
  7. Pulmonary artery carries blood to lungs
21
Q

What is the order of the systemic circulation?

A
  1. Pulmonary veins
  2. Left atrium
  3. Left AV valve
  4. Left ventricle
  5. Aortic semilunar valve
  6. Aorta
  7. Other arteries
  8. smaller arterioles
  9. capillaries
22
Q

Electrical conduction: The cardiac conduction system ECG

A
  1. Each beat of your heart is started by an electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node in your right atrium
  2. The signal from the SA node spreads across the left and right atria, causing them to contract and push the blood into ventricles
  3. As the electrical impulse passes through the atria, it signals the atrioventricular (AV) node to take action
  4. The signal in the AV node stimulates an area of tissue called the bundle of His.
  5. When the impulse reaches the Purkinje fibers, it causes the ventricles to contract, completing the heartbeat
23
Q

The cardiovascular system is made up to two parallel and balanced circuits

A

The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit

24
Q

The pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

25
Q

Electrical conduction: The cardiac conduction system (ECG)

A

1) SA node
2) AV node
3) The atrial muscle fibers recover
4) The ventricular fibers recover

26
Q

Thicker outer coat and a thicker smooth muscle layer between 2 elastic layers

A

Arteries

27
Q

Outer coat and smooth muscle layer are thinner than above, the smaller diameter arterioles lose one and finally both elastic layers

A

Smaller arterioles

28
Q

Only endothelium and basement membrane remain

A

Capillaries

29
Q

Outer coat and smooth muscle return but don’t increase very much in thickness as the vein gets larger closer to the heart

A

Veins

30
Q

Turns sticky when damaged

A

Platelet plug formation

31
Q

Sustained high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

32
Q

When artery walls thicken and lose elasticity

A

Arteriosclerosis

33
Q

Progressive narrowing of arterial lumen (opening) from cholesterol and fat deposits

A

Atherosclerosis

34
Q

Pain in chest, arm or jaw resulting from heart muscle suffering from lack of O2

A

Angina pectoris

35
Q

When part of the heart muscle dies due to coronary heart disease

A

Myocardial infarction (MI or “heart attack”)

36
Q

Platelets can lodge on the rough edges of atherosclerotic plaques forming clots, if a clot dislodges and floats away its called embolism. If an embolism settles out in a smaller artery of the brain, it interrupts blood flow to that region & results in a

A

Stroke

37
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) Returns H2O, plasma proteins & other filtrates to the blood
2) Filters out foreign bodies & cellular debris in lymph nodes and spleen
3) Transports fats absorbed in the small intestine to the blood

38
Q

What are the 4 main features of the lymphatic system

A

1) Lymph vessels
2) Lymph nodes (most numerous)
3) Spleen (largest lymphoid organ)
4) Thymus gland

39
Q

Largely parallels capillary beds & vasculature, picks up interstitial fluid, has many valves, & 2 main ducts empty into large veins below the R & L clavicles

A

Lymph vessels

40
Q

Includes tonsils, appendix, typical chains of lymph nodes found in pelvic, GI, oropharyngeal and axillary regions

A

Lymph nodes

41
Q

Filters blood, removes debris and old/defective RBCs, major site of lymphocytes and antibody production

A

Spleen

42
Q

Make T cells, site of T lymphocytes, acquire specificity and differentiation

A

Thymus gland

Human Biology (42 decks)

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