Chapter 5 circulation-Heart and blood vessels Flashcards
The cardiovascular system consists of?
The heart and the blood vessels
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- contractions of the heart generate blood pressure, which moves blood through blood vessels
- blood vessels transport the blood from the heart into arteries, capillaries, and veins; and blood then returns to the heart so the circuit can be completed
- gas exchange (pickup of carbon dioxide waste and drop-off of oxygen for the cells) occur at the smallest diameter vessels, the capillaries and;
- the heart and blood vessels regulate blood flow, according to the needs of the body
What are the two cardiovascular system parallel and balanced circuits?
The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit
Define systole
The atria contracts
Define diastole
The atria relaxes and the ventricles contract “systole”
leakage of plasma from capillaries into tissue spaces. Allows for movement of substances into tissues.
Ultrafilteration
Division of autonomic nervous system that helps the body cope with stressors and with situations requiring high mental or physical activity
Sympathetic Nervous System
Cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical signal in heart to apex of ventricles to initiate contraction
Pukinje Fiber
Bone marrow cell that gives rise to platelets. Replicates its DNA without dividing, making cells many times larger than other cells.
Megakaryote
White blood cell that matures in bone marrow and gives rise to antibody-producing plasma cells
B lymphocyte (B cell)
Which of the 5 blood vessels have the thickest muscle layer?
Arteries
Which way does the blood travel in arteries?
Always travels away from the heart
The vessels that bring venous “low oxygen” blood to the right side of the heart are the?
Superior and Inferior vena cava
This artery brings blood to the lungs
pulmonary artery
The vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart are the?
Pulmonary veins
The vesicle that empties the left ventricle is the?
Aorta
Which side of the heart sends blood to the lungs and which side receives blood from the lungs?
The right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs and the left side of the heart receives blood back from the lungs
Do the pulmonary carry blood that is high in O2 or low in O2?
Low
What is the pulmonary circuit
- The superior and inferior vena cava takes the deoxygenated blood from our body and enters the right atrium of our heart
- From the right atrium the deoxygenated blood goes through the right AV valve into the right ventricle
- The right ventricle then contracts, forcing the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery
- The pulmonary artery carries the blood thats low in O2 to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated
What is the order of the pulmonary circulation
- The superior/inferior vena cava
- Right atrium
- Right AV valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary artery carries blood to lungs
What is the order of the systemic circulation?
- Pulmonary veins
- Left atrium
- Left AV valve
- Left ventricle
- Aortic semilunar valve
- Aorta
- Other arteries
- smaller arterioles
- capillaries
Electrical conduction: The cardiac conduction system ECG
- Each beat of your heart is started by an electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node in your right atrium
- The signal from the SA node spreads across the left and right atria, causing them to contract and push the blood into ventricles
- As the electrical impulse passes through the atria, it signals the atrioventricular (AV) node to take action
- The signal in the AV node stimulates an area of tissue called the bundle of His.
- When the impulse reaches the Purkinje fibers, it causes the ventricles to contract, completing the heartbeat
The cardiovascular system is made up to two parallel and balanced circuits
The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit
The pacemaker
Sinoatrial (SA) node
