Exam 3 Vocabulary Flashcards by Chantelle Smith

Location of the voice box

Larynx

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Third in the respiration pathway

Pharynx

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First region of the small intestine

Duodenum

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First region of the colon

Ascending

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Muscle used in both relaxed and forced respiration

Diaphragm

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Prevents food from going through the glottis (opening between vocal cords)

Epiglottis

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Also secreted by the pancreas to aid in glucose metabolism in the blood

Glucagon

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Type of respiration where the oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood

External

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Type of GI task that starts in the mouth

Mechanical

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Fourth basic layer of the GI tract

Serosa

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Bronchitis leads to inflammation of the trachea and the

Bronchi

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Second basic layer of the GI tract

Submucosa

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Actual site of gas exchange

Alveoli

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Product that the liver excretes to aid in fat digestion

Bile

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Third basic layer of the GI tract

Smooth muscle

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Third region of the colon

Descending

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Stores/concentrates a liquid excreted from the liver when it is not being used

Gallbladder

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First basic layer of the GI tract

Mucosa

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Second region of the colon

Transverse

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Type of glands that secrete products (hormones) to be used internally

Endrocrine

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First step of respiration (O2 into blood) and something that is secreted in the lungs

Pulmonary surfactant

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Process that the small intestine conducts to break up fat into small droplets

Emulsification

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Maximum volume of air that can move out of the lungs

Vital capacity

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Another word for breathing

Inspiration

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Amount of energy required to merely sustain the body

Basal Metabolic Rate

Tube that carries food into the stomach

Esophagus

First nervous system receptor of respiration

Carotid bodies

Third region of the small intestine

Ileum

Role of the teeth/tongue/palate

Mastification

Inadequate or unbalanced diets can lead to this

Malnutrition

Second nervous system receptor of respiration

Aortic Bodies

Mechanical process of moving air into/out of the lungs

Ventilation

Wave like contractions that help move food throughout the GI tract

Peristalsis

Type of gradient that determines flow of air

Pressure

Microscopic fingers (plural) of mucosa/submuscosa that cover the ridges of the small intestine

Villi

Sphincter that regulates what leaves the stomach

Pyloric

Type of respiration when the O2 moves from the blood to the tissues

Internal

Second region of the small intestine

Jejenum

Secreted by the pancreas and aids in glucose metabolism in the blood

Insulin

Pair of thin membranes directly connected to the lungs and the outer layer connects to the thoracic wall

Pleurae

Third nervous system receptor of respiration

Medulla

Type of glands that secretes products to a free epithelial surface on the bodies exterior

Exocrine

What is the proper sequence of air flow in the human respiratory system?

1. Nasal cavities 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Bronchi

Nasal cavity can help by ?

Filtering out debris, warm and moisten the air, trap bacteria/dust particles in mucus, expel bacteria/viruses by sneezing

The maximum amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs is termed

Vital capacity

The digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods.

Chemical digestion

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body.

Large intestine

The process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

Peristalsis

Mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles

Chyme

Tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine

Villi

The passage between the pharynx and the stomach

Esophagus

Which of the following digestive regions is responsible for the propulsion of materials into the esophagus?

Pharynx

Sympathetic stimulation of the muscularis externa promotes:

muscular inhibition and relaxation

Which of the following major layers of the digestive tract is described as a layer of dense irregular connective tissue filled with blood vessels and the plexus of Meissner?

submucosa

Strong contractions of the ascending and transverse colon moving the contents of the colon toward the sigmoid colon are called:

mass peristalsis

What is not a function of saliva?

Initial digestion of proteins

The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity include:

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular

On its way to the esophagus, food normally passes through the:

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

The inferior end of the esophagus normally remains in a state of active contraction that

prevents the backflow of materials from the stomach into the esophagus

The contractions of the stomach are inhibited by

secretin

What is secreted by the stomach?

Gastrin

An enzyme not found in pancreatic juice is

disaccharidase

The enzyme lactase, which digests lactose to glucose and galactose, is synthesized by

The stomach

The exit from the stomach is the

pyloric sphincter

Heartburn could be caused by a poorly working

cardiac sphincter

A major function of the colon is to

Absorb water

Digestive secretions from the liver and pancreas empty into the

duodenum

What part of the digestive system secretes hydrochloric acid?

Stomach

A ring of muscle that controls what enters and leaves different parts of the digestive system

Sphincter

Which structure prevents food entering the nasal cavity?

Soft palate

What is the name of the substance which helps to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum?

Sodium bicarbonate