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Human Biology > Exam 3 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Exam 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Location of the voice box

A

Larynx

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2
Q

Third in the respiration pathway

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

First region of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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4
Q

First region of the colon

A

Ascending

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5
Q

Muscle used in both relaxed and forced respiration

A

Diaphragm

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6
Q

Prevents food from going through the glottis (opening between vocal cords)

A

Epiglottis

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7
Q

Also secreted by the pancreas to aid in glucose metabolism in the blood

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

Type of respiration where the oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood

A

External

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9
Q

Type of GI task that starts in the mouth

A

Mechanical

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10
Q

Fourth basic layer of the GI tract

A

Serosa

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11
Q

Bronchitis leads to inflammation of the trachea and the

A

Bronchi

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12
Q

Second basic layer of the GI tract

A

Submucosa

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13
Q

Actual site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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14
Q

Product that the liver excretes to aid in fat digestion

A

Bile

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15
Q

Third basic layer of the GI tract

A

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

Third region of the colon

A

Descending

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17
Q

Stores/concentrates a liquid excreted from the liver when it is not being used

A

Gallbladder

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18
Q

First basic layer of the GI tract

A

Mucosa

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19
Q

Second region of the colon

A

Transverse

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20
Q

Type of glands that secrete products (hormones) to be used internally

A

Endrocrine

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21
Q

First step of respiration (O2 into blood) and something that is secreted in the lungs

A

Pulmonary surfactant

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22
Q

Process that the small intestine conducts to break up fat into small droplets

A

Emulsification

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23
Q

Maximum volume of air that can move out of the lungs

A

Vital capacity

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24
Q

Another word for breathing

A

Inspiration

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25
Q

Amount of energy required to merely sustain the body

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

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26
Q

Tube that carries food into the stomach

A

Esophagus

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27
Q

First nervous system receptor of respiration

A

Carotid bodies

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28
Q

Third region of the small intestine

A

Ileum

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29
Q

Role of the teeth/tongue/palate

A

Mastification

30
Q

Inadequate or unbalanced diets can lead to this

A

Malnutrition

31
Q

Second nervous system receptor of respiration

A

Aortic Bodies

32
Q

Mechanical process of moving air into/out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

33
Q

Wave like contractions that help move food throughout the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

34
Q

Type of gradient that determines flow of air

A

Pressure

35
Q

Microscopic fingers (plural) of mucosa/submuscosa that cover the ridges of the small intestine

A

Villi

36
Q

Sphincter that regulates what leaves the stomach

A

Pyloric

37
Q

Type of respiration when the O2 moves from the blood to the tissues

A

Internal

38
Q

Second region of the small intestine

A

Jejenum

39
Q

Secreted by the pancreas and aids in glucose metabolism in the blood

A

Insulin

40
Q

Pair of thin membranes directly connected to the lungs and the outer layer connects to the thoracic wall

A

Pleurae

41
Q

Third nervous system receptor of respiration

A

Medulla

42
Q

Type of glands that secretes products to a free epithelial surface on the bodies exterior

A

Exocrine

43
Q

What is the proper sequence of air flow in the human respiratory system?

A
  1. Nasal cavities
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi
44
Q

Nasal cavity can help by ?

A

Filtering out debris, warm and moisten the air, trap bacteria/dust particles in mucus, expel bacteria/viruses by sneezing

45
Q

The maximum amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs is termed

A

Vital capacity

46
Q

The digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods.

A

Chemical digestion

47
Q

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body.

A

Large intestine

48
Q

The process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

A

Peristalsis

49
Q

Mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles

A

Chyme

50
Q

Tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine

A

Villi

51
Q

The passage between the pharynx and the stomach

A

Esophagus

52
Q

Which of the following digestive regions is responsible for the propulsion of materials into the esophagus?

A

Pharynx

53
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the muscularis externa promotes:

A

muscular inhibition and relaxation

54
Q

Which of the following major layers of the digestive tract is described as a layer of dense irregular connective tissue filled with blood vessels and the plexus of Meissner?

A

submucosa

55
Q

Strong contractions of the ascending and transverse colon moving the contents of the colon toward the sigmoid colon are called:

A

mass peristalsis

56
Q

What is not a function of saliva?

A

Initial digestion of proteins

57
Q

The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity include:

A

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular

58
Q

On its way to the esophagus, food normally passes through the:

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

59
Q

The inferior end of the esophagus normally remains in a state of active contraction that

A

prevents the backflow of materials from the stomach into the esophagus

60
Q

The contractions of the stomach are inhibited by

A

secretin

61
Q

What is secreted by the stomach?

A

Gastrin

62
Q

An enzyme not found in pancreatic juice is

A

disaccharidase

63
Q

The enzyme lactase, which digests lactose to glucose and galactose, is synthesized by

A

The stomach

64
Q

The exit from the stomach is the

A

pyloric sphincter

65
Q

Heartburn could be caused by a poorly working

A

cardiac sphincter

66
Q

A major function of the colon is to

A

Absorb water

67
Q

Digestive secretions from the liver and pancreas empty into the

A

duodenum

68
Q

What part of the digestive system secretes hydrochloric acid?

A

Stomach

69
Q

A ring of muscle that controls what enters and leaves different parts of the digestive system

A

Sphincter

70
Q

Which structure prevents food entering the nasal cavity?

A

Soft palate

71
Q

What is the name of the substance which helps to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

Human Biology (42 decks)

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