Chapter 7.5 Acquired Immunity Flashcards
When does immunity occur?
It occurs naturally through infection or is brought about artificially by medical intervention
What are the two types of acquired immunity?
Active and Passive
What is active immunity?
The individual alone produces antibodies against an antigen
What is passive immunity
The individual is given prepared antibodies via an injection
Describe active immunity
It sometimes develops naturally after a person is infected with a pathogen. It is often induced when a person is well to prevent future infection.
What does immunization involve?
The use of vaccines
Describe what antibody titer is
After a vaccine is given, it is possible to follow an immune response by determining the amount of antibody present in a sample of plasma.
What does active immunity depend upon?
The presence of memory B cells and memory T cells capable of responding to lower doses of antigen. Active immunity is usually long lasting, although a booster may be required after many years for certain vaccines.
Describe passive immunity
It occurs when an individual is given prepared antibodies or immune cells to combat a disease. It is temporary. It is sometimes used to prevent illness in a patient who has been unexpectedly exposed to an infectious disease.
Describe monoclonal antibodies
Every plasma cell derived from the same B cell secretes antibodies against a specific antigen. These are all monoclonal antibodies because all of them are the same type and because they are produced by plasma cells derived from the same B cell. One method of producing monoclonal antibodies is in vitro.
