Exam 1 Lab Structures Practice

Question 1

What structure shares an innervation with the structure that is pinned? What is the shared innervation?
List the origins of the pinned muscle.

Answer 1

levator scapulae, ventral rami of C3-C4
occipital bone or posterior skull, all spinous processes of the CV via the ligamentum nuchae, and all spinous processes of the TV

Question 2

The muscles superior to the pinned structure originate and insert where?
What are the actions and innervations of the pinned structure?

Answer 2

CV7-TV1, medial border of the scapula at the scapular spine
adduction of the scapula at the scapular spine, dorsal scapular nerve

Question 3

What is the muscle superficial to these structures and what is its action?
What is the most superior part of the muscle attached to the head and neck from the answer of the previous question? ( give alternative names if applicable)

Answer 3

semispinalis thoracis, opposite rotation of the spine

-semispinalis capitis AKA biventer cervicis

Question 4

Which muscles are lateral to the pinned structure and to where do they extend?
Give the name of the pinned structure (give alternative names if applicable)

Answer 4

longissimus, to the skull
spinalis

Question 5

The pinned structure is part of 2 other muscles that form which muscle group (give alternate name as well)? What is their action?

Answer 5

Erector Spinae AKA sacrospinalis, hold spine erect by EXTENDING vertebral column

Question 6

What is the pinned structure(give alternate names) and what happens when one side acts? What happens when they both act?

Answer 6

Splenius/the bandage; rotate head and cervical column to same side that is in action, extend head and cervical column when both sides act

Question 7

What are the actions of the pinned structure? What is/are its innervations?

Answer 7

Medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint, extension of arm at shoulder joint, adduction of arm at shoulder joint
thorcodorsal nerve

Question 8

The pinned structure is superficial to which muscles?
How many vertebral segments does the pinned structure course?

Answer 8

rotatores
2-4 segments

Question 9

The pinned structure’s origin is the transverse processes of which vertebrae?
How many other superficial back muscles also attach to transverse processes?

Answer 9

CV1-CV4
none

Question 10

The alternative name for the structure with the arrows is what and where does it extend?

Answer 10

The yellow ligament, from the lamina above to the lamina below

Question 11

The structure that the red string is around contains which structure within it and from which structure is that an extension of?
What is the superior and inferior most vertebral level of the pinned structure?

Answer 11

filum terminale, pia mater
LV2, coccyx

Question 12

The structure with a red pin lies at which vertebral level and consist of which spinal segment?

Answer 12

LV2, Cx1

Question 13

What is the structure that has a red string around it and what kind of neurons does it contain(give alternate name)?

Answer 13

dorsal rootlet, sensory or afferent neurons

Question 14

What is the pinned structure that is reflected back and what part of the vertebral column is it inferiorly attached to?
What are the 2 main contents of the space external to this? (give alternate names if applicable)

Answer 14

dura mater, coccyx
adipose tissue as fat globules and the vertebral venous plexus AKA Batson’s veins

Question 15

The pinned structure’s superior end is continuous with the ___ and its inferior end is referred to as the ____. Which vertebral regions does it have enlargements in and which spinal segments do they span?

Answer 15

-medulla oblongata, conus medullaris
-cervical C5-T1
-lumbosacral L1-S3

Question 16

Another extension comes from the same meninx as the extension the red string is tied to. What is the other extension and which meninx/meninges does it attach with?

Answer 16

denticulate ligament
dura and arachnoid mater

Question 17

Name this vertebra, and the structure with the red dots.
What does this structure lack and what takes their place?

Answer 17

-atlas or CV1, superior articulating processes
-lacks a body - replaced by dens or odontoid process of CV2 or axis, lacks LAMINAE, and bifid spinous process -replaced by posterior arch, lacks bifid transverse processed

Question 18

Which vertebra is this and what makes it different from others in the same region?

Answer 18

CV7 or vertebra prominens, its transverse and spinous processes do not bifurcate, it also only has a vertebral vein coursing thru its transverse foramen, longest most prominent spinous process

Question 19

Which region is this vertebra from, how many of them have the structure with red dots?
What goes thru those red dots and do they go thru all of them?

Answer 19

typical cervical vertebra, all of them have transverse foramen
vertebral artery ascends thru the dots, course through CV6-CV1

Question 20

Which region is this from, how many of them have structures with the red dot?

Answer 20

typical cervical vertebra, bifid spinous processes are on CV2-CV6, so only 5 vertebra have them

Question 21

Which region is this from, how many of them have this structure, what are the names of this structure?

Answer 21

typical cervical vertebra, bifid transverse processes, ant and post tubercles, only found on 4 vertebra, CV3-CV6