Ch 3 Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal system (define)

Answer 1

forms framework around which body is built, composed of BONES and CARTILAGE

Question 2

Functions of skeleton (5)

Answer 2

-support body
-attachment for skeletal muscles
-protection for certain vital organs
-makes some types of blood cells= hemopoiesis (marrow)
-stores chemical substances (Ca and Phos)

Question 3

Bone (4 type)

Answer 3

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular; 206 NAMED bones in body

Question 4

Long bone

Answer 4

length > width; contains medullary canal (marrow); ex) humerus

Question 5

Short bone

Answer 5

length = width; ex) carpal bone

Question 6

Flat bone

Answer 6

expanded into one plane; ex) scapula

Question 7

Irregular bone

Answer 7

doesn’t fit into other categories; ex) vertebra

Question 8

Axial skeleton (4 parts)

Answer 8

part of skeleton that occupies central axis of body (80 bones total);
-skull and hyoid (23)
-vertebral column (26 total; 7 C, 12 T, 5 L, sacrum, coccyx)
-Ribs and sternum (25; 12 pair of ribs, sternum)
-bones of middle ear (6)

Question 9

Appendicular skeleton (2 groups, 7 parts each)

Answer 9

part of skeleton comprising appendages (126 total)

Question 10

Upper Limb Appendicular bones (64) ( 7 parts)

Answer 10

-clavicle
-scapula
-humerus
-ulna and radius
-8 carpal bones
-5 metacarpal bones
-14 phalanges

Question 11

Lower Limb Appendicular bones (62) (7 parts)

Answer 11

-hip bone
-femur
-patella
-tibia and fibula
-7 tarsal bones
-5 metatarsal bones
-14 phalanges

Question 12

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 12

bones located in tendons; ex) patella

Question 13

Ectopic bones

Answer 13

pathological bone formation :(

Question 14

Epiphysis (define)

Answer 14

2 ends of a long bone, help w/ joint formation, wider than shaft

Question 15

Diaphysis (define)

Answer 15

shaft of long bone; “the D” is a shaft

Question 16

Compact Bone (define)

Answer 16

bone laid down in concentric layers, making it appear solid; forms on outer surface of all bones-part of diaphysis

Question 17

Spongy Bone (define)

Answer 17

thin plates that meet at other plates at different angles with space between them; found in epiphysis and metaphysis

Question 18

Periosteum (outer layer)

Answer 18

connective tissue sheath of 2 layers: out layer-tough fibrous part where muscle tendons insert

Question 19

Periosteum (inner layer)

Answer 19

connective tissue sheath with 2 layers; inner layer of delicate cells that aid in bone growth

Question 20

Endosteum (define)

Answer 20

thin, cellular layer in medullary cavity and cavities of spongy bone; serves to destroy bone and allow for new growth in diameter of marrow to strengthen it and prevent it from getting too dense as it grows

Question 21

Medullary / Marrow cavity (define)

Answer 21

runs length of diaphysis, contains red marrow (forms new RBC) and yellow marrow (stores fat cells) or combo of both

Question 22

Articular CARTILAGE (define)

Answer 22

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering articular surface of each epiphysis, resilient and cushioning for joint when moving

Question 23

Articular CAPSULE Outer layer (define)

Answer 23

connects 2 bones and encircles joint, encloses joint/synovial cavity; outer layer is fibrous continuous layer with periosteum of the bone

Question 24

Articular CAPSULE Inner layer (define)

Answer 24

connects 2 bones and encircles joint, encloses joint/synovial cavity; inner layer is a VASCULAR, synovial membrane lining the fibrous layer; produces synovial fluid to lubricate joint/nourish cartilage

Question 25

EpiphySEAL disC (define)

Answer 25

cartilaginous plate in embryo or growing child found at junction of EPIPHYSIS and DIAPHYSIS allowing for growth of bones; not present once growth stops

Question 26

METAphysis (define)

Answer 26

spongy bone tissue found at junction of DIAPHYSIS and EPIPHYSEAL DISC; in adult it’s continuous with the EPIPHYSIS

Question 27

Cartilage (define/ components)

Answer 27

tough connective tissue made of cells embedded in firm, gel-like INTERcellur substance; not as hard as bone but more flexible; NO NERVES, AVASCULAR-nutrients diffuse thru intercellular substance, entire embryo skeleton is cartilage but becomes bone via ossification

Question 28

Cartilage (3 types)

Answer 28

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic Cartilage

Question 29

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 29

glassy, translucent;
ex)
-embryo
-epiphyseal discs
-articular cartilage
-costal cartilage
-larynx, trachea, bronchi
-nasal cartilages

Question 30

Fibrocartilage (examples)

Answer 30

-INTERpubic disC (pubic symphysis)
-INTERvertebral disCs(between adjacent vertebrae0

Question 31

Elastic Cartilage (examples)

Answer 31

-Auricle (external ear)
-Auditory (connects ear and pharynx)
-EpigloTTis (flap keeping food from entering airway)

Question 32

Type of bone

Answer 32

long bone (humerus)

Question 33

Type of bone

Answer 33

short bone (carpals)

Question 34

Type of bone

Answer 34

flat bone (scapula)

Question 35

Type of bone

Answer 35

Irregular bone (vertebra)