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Anatomy Dissection > Ch 51 Consolidated Neurovasculature of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Ch 51 Consolidated Neurovasculature of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The brachial plexus is a network of intermingling and intertwining nerves supplying structures in the _ _

A

upper arm

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Spinal nerve plexuses are only derived from _ rami and never _ rami

A

ventral
dorsal

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4
Q

The brachial plexus is formed directly from the ventral rami of spinal nerves : ( 5 items)

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

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5
Q

Ventral rami make up 3 trunks that form the brachial plexus which are found in the _

A

neck

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6
Q

The ventral rami of _ and _ join and form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C5 and C6

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7
Q

The ventral rami of _ continues as the middle trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C7

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8
Q

The ventral rami of _ and _ form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C8 and T1

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9
Q

Each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into an _ and a _ division

A

anterior and posterior division

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10
Q

The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks form the _ cord of the brachial plexus

A

lateral cord

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11
Q

The anterior divisions of the lower trunk continue to form the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

medial cord

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12
Q

The posterior divisions of all 3 trunks form the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

posterior cord

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13
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus are found in the _

A

axilla

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14
Q

The names of the cords of the brachial plexus are named as such because of their location in regards to the _ _

A

axillary artery

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15
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus give off _ nerves and then continue distally as the _ major nerves of the upper limb

A

8
4

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16
Q

2 nerves coming off the ventral rami of brachial plexus:

A

Dorsal Scapular n
Long Thoracic n.

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17
Q

2 nerves coming off the trunks of brachial plexus:

A

nerve to subclavius
suprascapular n.

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18
Q

8 branches of the cords of brachial plexus:

A

lateral pectoral n
medial pectoral n
medial brachial cutaneous n
medial antebrachial cutaneous n
upper subscapular n
lowersubscapular n
thoracodorsal n
axillary n

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19
Q

4 main nerves from cords of the brachial plexus (primary nerves)

A

musculocutaneous n
ulnar n
radial n
median n

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20
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve originates from the ventral ramus _.

A

C5

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21
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve supplies the _ _ and _ muscles of the back

A

rhomboid major and minor muscles

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22
Q

The long thoracic nerve originates from the ventral rami of _, _ , and _.

A

C5, C6, C7

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23
Q

The long thoracic nerve supplies the _ surface of the _ _ muscle.

A

external surface
serratus anterior

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24
Q

The nerve to the subclavius originates from the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

upper trunk

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25
Q

The nerve to the subclavius supplies the _ muscle

A

subclavius

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26
Q

The suprascapular nerve originates from the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

upper trunk

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27
Q

The suprascapular nerve supplies the _ and _ muscles

A

supraSPINATUS and inFRASPINATUS muscles

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28
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve originates from the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

lateral cord

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29
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve courses deep to the surface of the _ _ muscle which it supplies

A

pectoralis major

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30
Q

The medial pectoral nerve originates from the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

medial cord

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31
Q

The medial pectoral nerve pierces the deep surface of the _ _ and _ muscles which it supplies

A

pectoralis minor and major

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32
Q

The medial brachial cutaneous nerve originates from the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

medial cord

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33
Q

The medial brachial cutaneous nerve pierces the fascia of the _ arm and supplies the skin on the lower _ arm.

A

proximal
medial

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34
Q

The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve originates from the _ _

A

medial cord

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35
Q

The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve descends towards the middle of the _ where it pierces the antebrachial fascia and supplies the skin of the _ _.

A

forearm
medial forearm

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36
Q

The upper subscapular nerve originates from the _ _

A

posterior cord

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37
Q

The upper subscapular nerve courses into and supplies the _ muscle

A

subscapularis muscle

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38
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve originates from the _ cord

A

posterior cord

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39
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve courses inferiorly and posteriorly to the deep surface of the _ _ muscle which it innervates

A

latissimus dorsi

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40
Q

The lower subscapular nerve originates from the _ _

A

posterior cord

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41
Q

The lower subscapular nerve divides in to 2 muscular branches, one supplying the _ muscle and the other supplying the _ _ muscle

A

subscapularis muscle
teres major muscle

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42
Q

The axillary nerve originates from the _ cord

A

posterior cord

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43
Q

The axillary nerve courses inferiorly to the shoulder, passes around the _ _ of the _

A

Surgical neck of the humerus

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44
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve is the continuation of the _ _ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _ _ to the median nerve is given off

A

Lateral cord
Lateral root

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45
Q

The ulnar nerve is the continuation of the _ _ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _ _ to the median nerve is given off

A

Medial cord
Medial root

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46
Q

The radial nerve is the continuation of the _ cord of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _nerve is given off

A

Posterior cord
Axillary nerve

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47
Q

The median nerve is derived from the _ and _ _ of the _ nerve

A

Lateral and medial root of the median nerve

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48
Q

The 4 primary nerves of the upper limb are:

A

musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
radial nerve

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49
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve typically pierces the _ muscle

A

coracobrachialis muscle

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50
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve descends thru the _ compartment of the arm coursing between the _ _ and _ muscles.

A

anterior compartment
biceps brachii and brachialis muscles

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51
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates 3 muscles in the arm:

A

coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
brachialis

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52
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve emerges _ to the tendon of the _ _ muscle and becomes the _ _ _ nerve

A

laterally
biceps brachii
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

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53
Q

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve supplies the _ of the _ _.

A

skin of the lateral forearm

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54
Q

The median nerve descends thru the _ compartment of the arm where it has _ muscular or cutaneous innervation

A

medial compartment
no

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55
Q

The median nerve courses thru the _ _ where it is found medial to the _ artery

A

cubital fossa
brachial artery

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56
Q

In the cubital fossa, the median nerve gives off a branch called the _ _ nerve

A

anterior interosseus nerve

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57
Q

As the median nerve enters the forearm it courses between the 2 heads of origin of the _ _ muscle

A

pronator teres muscle

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58
Q

In the proximal forearm, the median nerve passes _ to the _ of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle with the _ artery

A

deep to the arch
ulnar artery

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59
Q

Thru the forearm, the median nerve descends between the _ _ _ and the _ _ _ muscles

A

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus

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60
Q

The median nerve innervates 4 muscles in the forearm:

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis

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61
Q

Proximal to the flexor retinaculum the median nerve gives off a _ branch coursing anterior to the flexor retinaculum

A

palmar branch

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62
Q

The palmar branch of the median nerve _ innervates the skin of the _ _

A

cutaneously innervates
skin of the lateral palm

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63
Q

The median nerve enters the hand by coursing thru the _ _

A

carpal canal

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64
Q

After entering the hand, the median nerve divides into its terminal branches at the _ border of the flexor retinaculum

A

distal border

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65
Q

Direct branches of the median nerve innervate the _ and _ lumbricals

A

1st and 2nd

66
Q

Digital branches of the median nerve give cutaneous innervation to the lateral _ digits anteriorly and their _ posteriorly

A

lateral 3.5
tips

67
Q

The recurrent branch of the median nerve courses proximally into the thenar area, supplying 2.5 muscles:

A

ABductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (superificial head)
Opponens Pollicis

68
Q

The anterior interosseus nerve arises as a branch of the median nerve within the _ _

A

cubital fossa

69
Q

The anterior interosseus nerve courses distally along the _ _ of the interosseus membrane

A

anterior surface

70
Q

The anterior interosseus nerve innervates 2.5 muscles in the forearm:

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (lateral half)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus

71
Q

The ulnar nerve is the continuation of the _ _ of the brachial plexus

A

medial cord

72
Q

The ulnar nerve begins after the _ root of the _ nerve is given off.

A

medial root
median nerve

73
Q

The ulnar nerve descends through the _ compartment if the arm where it has no muscular or cutaneous innervation

A

medial

74
Q

The ulnar nerve pierces the _ lamina of the _ intermuscular septum and passes into the _ compartment from the medial compartment.

A

posterior lamina
medial intermuscular septum
posterior compartment

75
Q

The ulnar nerve, after reaching the posterior compartmentin the arm, courses _ to the _ _

A

posteriorly
medial epicondyle

76
Q

The ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing _ the 2 heads of origin of the _ _ _ muscle

A

between
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle

77
Q

The ulnar nerve courses thru the forearm between the _ _ _ and _ _ _ muscles

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Pofundus

78
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates 1.5 muscles in the forearm

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (medial half)

79
Q

The ulnar nerve courses with the _ artery in the _ half of the forearm.

A

ulnar artery
distal half

80
Q

In the distal forearm the ulnar nerve gives off a _ branch which cutaneously innervates the dorsum of he medial _ digits and _.

A

dorsal branch
1.5 digits
hands

81
Q

Proximal to the flexor retinaculum, the ulnar nerve gives off a _ branch that courses _ to the to the flexor retinaculum.

A

palmar
anterior

82
Q

In the wrist the ulnar nerve is accompanied by the _ artery as it enters the hand by passing _ to the flexor retinaculum, outside the carpal canal and thru the _ _.

A

ulnar artery
anterior
Guyon’s canal

83
Q

The ulnar nerve divides into its 2 terminal branches, the superficial and deep branches _ to the pisiform bone

A

laterally

84
Q

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve courses _ to the palmaris brevis muscle

A

deep

85
Q

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervates one muscle in the hand, the _ _ muscle, and it has cutaneous digital branches supplying the _ _ digits anteriorly.

A

palmaris brevis
medial 1.5 digits

86
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses between 2 _ muscles in the hand.

A

hypothenar

87
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses _ the hook of the hamate to pass _ across the palm just anterior to the interossei muscles

A

around
laterally

88
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar n innervates 14.5 muscles of the hand:

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
lumbricals 3 and 4
dorsla interrosei 1-4
palmar interossei 1-4
Adductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis (deep head portion)

89
Q

The radial nerve is a continuation of the _ cord of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _ nerve is given off

A

posterior
axillary

90
Q

The radial nerve courses from _ to _ in the radial groove of the humerus, which is found in the _ compartment of the arm

A

medially to laterally
posterior

91
Q

Inthe arm, the radial nerve courses with the _ _ artery and innervates the _ _ muscle

A

profunda brachii artery
triceps brachii muscle

92
Q

The radial nerve pierces the _ _ _ as it passes from the _ to the _ compartment of the arm

A

lateral intermuscular septum
posterior to anterior

93
Q

The radial nerve passes thru the _ side of the cubital fossa to the forearm

A

lateral

94
Q

The radial nerve innervates 3 muscles in the forearm:

A

Brachioradialis m
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus m
Anconeus m

95
Q

_ the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles, the radial nerve branches into its 2 terminal branches, the _ and _ branches.

A

Between
superficial and deep branches

96
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve courses distally with the _ artery, _ to the brachioradialis muscle

A

radial artery
deep

97
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve passes over the tendons in the wrist on the _ _ and enters the hand.

A

anatomical snuffbox (ok this is the most ridiculous name they could have given this)

98
Q

The superficial branch of the radial artery cutaneously innervates the skin of the _ half of the _ of the hand and the proximal portion of the lateral _ digits posteriorly.

A

lateral half
dorsum
3.5

99
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates _ muscles in the hand

A

0

100
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve innervates the _ _ _ _ muscle in the forearm

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis m

101
Q

As the deep branch of the radial nerve enters the _ border of the supinator muscle, its name becomes the _ _ nerve (PIN)

A

Superior border
Posterior Interosseus Nerve (PIN)

102
Q

The posterior interosseus neve innervates 8 muscles of the forearm:

A

Extensor Digitorum - *
Extensor Digiti Minimi - *
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris -*
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
(6 extensors, 2 others)
[All deep post. and 3 superficial post. -*]

103
Q

T/F the posterior interosseus nerve enters the hand

A

false

104
Q

The _ is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body

A

aorta

105
Q

The aorta initially _ then arches _ and to the left forming the _ _

A

ascends
posteriorly
aortic arch

106
Q

The 3 branches of the aortic arch are:

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk (innominate artery)
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery

107
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk branches into the _ _ _ and the _ _ artery

A

right common carotid
right subclavian

108
Q

The majority of the branches of the subclavian arteries supply the _ _ while the common carotids supply the _ and _

A

upper limbs
head and neck

109
Q

The aortic arch continues as the _ _, coursing _ thru the thorax and abdomen

A

descending aorta
inferiorly

110
Q

T/F The left subclavian artery is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk and the right is a branch of the aortic arch

A

false, right subclav-brach trunk, left subclav-arch

111
Q

The subclavian artery ascends thru the _ and _ to the upper limb

A

thorax and neck

112
Q

The 4 main branches of the subclavian artery are:

A

Vertebral a
Internal Mammary a (Internal Thoracic)
Thyrocervical Trunk
Costocervical Trunk

113
Q

The subclavian artery becomes the _ artery at the _ border of the _ rib

A

axillary artery
lateral border
1st rib

114
Q

T/F the axillary artery begins as a continuation of the subclavian artery at the medial border of the 1st rib

A

false, LATERAL border

115
Q

The axillary artery courses _ and _ thru the axilla

A

laterally and inferiorly

116
Q

The axillary artery terminates at the _ border of the _ _ muscle by continuing as the _ artery

A

inferior border
teres major m
brachial a

117
Q

The axillary artery has 6 main branches:

A

Highest (supreme) thoracic a
Thoracoacromial Trunk
Lateral Thoracic a
Subscapular a
Anterior Circumflex Humeral a
Posterior Circumflex Humeral a

Hi There Ladies, Seen -the- Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) -and the- Atlantic Coast Highway (ACH)?

118
Q

The brachial artery is a continuation of the axillary artery distal to the _ border of the teres major muscle

A

inferior

119
Q

The brachial artery descends thru the _ compartment of the arm with the _ and _ nerves

A

medial
median and ulnar nerves

120
Q

The brachial artery has 3 main branches in the arm:

A

Posterior brachii a
Superior ulnar collateral a
Inferior ulnar collateral a

121
Q

The posterior brachii artery is _ to the humerus and it courses with the _ nerve

A

posterior
radial

122
Q

The 3 main branches of the brachial artery supply muscles in the arm and provide _ circulation to the _ region

A

collateral
elbow

123
Q

The brachial artery courses distally after giving off its branches and enters the _ _ where it sits _ to the median nerve and it sits _ to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

A

cubital fossa
laterally
medially

124
Q

Within the cubital fossa the brachial artery gives off its 2 terminal branches:

A

Radial a
Ulnar a

125
Q

The radial artery arises as a terminal branch of the _ artery in the _ _

A

brachial a
cubital fossa

126
Q

The radial artery courses distally in the forearm with the _ branch of the _ nerve, _ to the brachioradialis muscle.

A

superficial branch
radial n
deep

127
Q

The radial artery passes _ the anatomical snuffbox and enters the _ of the hand

A

thru
dorsum

128
Q

The anatomical snuffbox is the deep depression found _ to the thumb and on the _ side of the hand

A

proximal
posterolateral

129
Q

The radial artery terminates by forming the _ _ _

A

deep palmar arch

130
Q

The deep palmar arch typically anastomoses with branches of the _ artery

A

ulnar a

131
Q

The deep palmar arch gives of the _ arteries

A

metacarpal a

132
Q

The metacarpal arteries of the deep palmar arch join the metacarpal arteries of the _ palmar arch to form the _ arteries on the medial and lateral side of each _.

A

join
superficial
digital
digit

133
Q

The ulnar artery arises as the terminal branch of the _ artery within the _ _

A

brachial a
cubital fossa

134
Q

In the proximal forearm, the ulnar artery gives off the _ _ artery

A

common interosseus a

135
Q

The ulnar artery courses _ to the _ of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle with the _ nerve

A

deep
arch
median n

136
Q

In the distal half of the forearm, the ulnar artery courses with the _ nerve, _ the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles

A

ulnar n
between

137
Q

In the wrist, the ulnar artery is paired with the _ nerve as it enters the hand by passing thru _ _

A

ulnar n
Guyon’s canal

138
Q

The ulnar artery terminates by forming the _ _ _

A

superficial palmar arch

139
Q

The superficial palmar arch typically anastomoses with branches of the _ artery and it gives off _ arteries

A

radial a
metacarpal aa

140
Q

The metacarpal arteries of the superficial palmar arch _ the metacarpal arteries of the _ palmar arch to form the _ arteries on the medial and lateral side of each digit

A

join
deep
digital

141
Q

The common interosseus artery arises from the _ artery in the _ forearm

A

ulnar a
proximal

142
Q

The common interosseus artery courses a short distance then divides into its 2 terminal branches in the forearm:

A

Anterior interosseus a
Posterior interosseus a

143
Q

The most variable structures in the body are _.

A

veins

144
Q

Veins begin distally as _ and they course proximally

A

tributaries

145
Q

T/F Origins and terminations of blood vessels are described in terms of muscles surrounding them.

A

False, they are described in terms of the course of blood flow thru the vessel

146
Q

In limbs, typically arteries originate _ and terminated _ and veins do the opposite

A

proximally
distally

147
Q

Blood returns to the upper limb via _ and _ veins.

A

deep
superficial

148
Q

T/F Deep veins course with an artery of the same name but typically drain a different area than that artery supplies.

A

False, they drain the same area the deep artery supplies

149
Q

Distal to the axilla, deep veins are paired up until the the axillary vein, this arrangement is called _ _.

A

Venae comitantes

150
Q

Superficial veins are found in the _ _

A

subcutaneous tissue

151
Q

Palmar digital veins are superficial and are found on the palmar aspects of the _ and drain into _ veins

A

fingers
intercapitular

152
Q

Intercapitular veins connect _ and _ digital veins

A

palmar
dorsal

153
Q

Dorsal digital veins are found on the dorsal aspects of the _ and branch together to form _ _ veins

A

fingers
dorsal metacarpal v

154
Q

Dorsal Metacarpal veins are found on the dorsum of _ and drain into the _ _ _.

A

hands
dorsal venous arch

155
Q

The Dorsal Venous Arch is found on the dorsal part of the proximal portion of the hand and it gives origin to the _ and _ veins.

A

cephalic and basilic v

156
Q

The cephalic vein pathway:
1) originates as a continuation of the _ side of the dorsal venous arch
2) ascends on the lateral side of the _ surface of the proximal forearm.
3) courses thru the subcutaneous tissue anterior to the _ _ then continues on the _ side of the arm
4) enters the _ _ between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
5) courses deep thru the _ _ above the pectoralis _ muscle
6) terminates by joining the _ vein

A

1) lateral
2) anterior
3) cubital fossa, lateral
4) deltopectoral groove
5) clavipectoral fascia, pectoralis minor muscle
6) axillary

157
Q

The basilic vein pathway:
1) originates as a continuation of the _ side of the dorsal venous arch
2) ascends on the medial side of the _ surface of the proximal forearm.
3) courses thru subcutaneous tissue anterior to the _ _ and then continues on the _ side of the arm.
4) at the middle of the arm it courses deep, piercing the _
5) terminates by joining the _ veins and becoming the _ vein
6) The _ vein is deep and therefore courses with the _ artery.

A

1) medial
2) anterior
3) cubital fossa, medial
4) fascia
5) brachial veins, axillary vein
6) axillary x 2

158
Q

T/F The axillary vein is deep and drains just the area the axillary artery supplies.

A

false, it drains both the deep and superficial venous systems of the arm

159
Q

The median cubital vein is a cross connection that usually ascends passing _ to _ from the cephalic to the basilic vein anterior to the _ _.

A

laterally to medially
cubital fossa

160
Q

The vein commonly used for blood draws is the _ _ vein

A

median cubital vein

Anatomy Dissection (39 decks)

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