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Anatomy Dissection > Ch 24 Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Ch 24 Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the thoracic wall is to form a protective cavity for the heart, lungs and ograns of the _ aspect of the abdomen

A

superoir

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2
Q

The sternum is AKA

A

breast bone

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3
Q

The sternum is the _ _ found at the anterior aspect of the thorax and it sits _.

A

flat bone
midline

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4
Q

“sternon” in Greek =

A

breast of man

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5
Q

The 3 parts of the sternum are:

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

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6
Q

The _ is the superior part of the sternum.

A

manubrium

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7
Q

“manus” from Latin =

A

hand

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8
Q

The sternum is thought to resemble a _ with the manubrium being the part that is held in a hand.

A

sword

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9
Q

A _ _ is found at the superior border of the manubrium

A

jugular notch

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10
Q

The manubrium articulates with the _ and the 1st _ pair of costal cartilages (hyaline cartilage between ribs and sternum)

A

clavicles
first 2 pair of costal cartilages

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11
Q

The _ is the middle portion of the sternum

A

body

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12
Q

T/F the manubrium of the sternum is thinner, and more narrow than the body.

A

False, the body is thinner, narrower and longer than the manubrium

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13
Q

The body of the sternum articulates with the costal cartilages of ribs _ to _.

A

2-7

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14
Q

The _ _ is the junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum and is a helpful landmark for counting ribs

A

sternal angle

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15
Q

The smallest, most variable, and inferior part of the sternum is the _ _

A

xiphoid process

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16
Q

“xiphon” and “oeides” in Greek=

A

sword shaped

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17
Q

The _ _ (pit of the stomach) is a depression on the anterior aspect of the xiphoid process which is palpable and visible

A

epigastric fossa

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18
Q

The _ _ is found between the xiphoid process and the body at the _ aspect of the epigastric fossa.

A

xiPHIsternal joint
superior

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19
Q

Ribs are AKA

A

costae

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20
Q

How many ribs are there in a typical adult body?

A

24 or 12 pair

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21
Q

If variations in the number of ribs occur they happen usually at _ and _

A

CV7 and LV1

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22
Q

Ribs course _ and _ from the thoracic vertebrae

A

anteriorly and inferiorly

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23
Q

The _ of the rib articulates with the bodies of the vertebrae

A

head

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24
Q

The _ of the rib is the constricted portion lateral to the head

A

neck

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25
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with the _ _ of its respective thoracic vertebrae.

A

transverse process

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26
Q

The _ of the rib is the shaft.

A

body

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27
Q

The _ of the rib is the point where the curve is the sharpest.

A

angle

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28
Q

The anterior end of the rib articulates with the _ _

A

costal cartilage

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29
Q

The costal groove is the ridge that lies on the _ surface of the shaft of the rib.

A

inferior

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30
Q

The intercostal vein, artery, and nerve lie in the _ _ of the ribs

A

costal groove

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31
Q

The length of the ribs increase from the _ to the _ rib and decrease all the way to the _ rib.

A

1-7 rib
12th rib

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32
Q

The first _ ribs are true ribs and are directly connected to the sternum via costal cartilage.

A

seven

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33
Q

The last _ ribs are false ribs

A

five

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34
Q

Each costal cartilage of ribs _ - _ joins its respective suprajacent costal cartilages.

A

8-10
(10 to 9, 9 to 8, and 8 to 7)

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35
Q

The costal cartilages of ribs _ and _ end blindly in muscle with no anterior articulation, these are called floating ribs.

A

11 and 12

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36
Q

The costal margin is formed by the costal cartilages of ribs _ - _ which course medially and superiorly.

A

7-10

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37
Q

The infrasternal angle is formed by the intersection of the _ _ and the _ joint.

A

costal margins and xiphisternal joint

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38
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded by the upper border of the _ and the _ ribs

A

sternum
1st ribs

39
Q

The _ _ aperture has an opening that the great vessels and visceral tubes ascend or descend between the thorax and neck.

A

superior thoracic aperture

40
Q

The _ _ aperture is normally closed by the diaphragm

A

inferior thoracic aperture

41
Q

3 major openings exist in the diaphragm which allow for the passage of the _ vena cava, _, and the _.

A

IVC, esophagus, aorta

42
Q

There are 3 arrangements of layers of the muscles of the thorax:

A

External- external intercostal muscles
Middle- internal intercostal muscles
Internal- innermost intercostal muscles

43
Q

External Intercostal Muscles origin:

A

Lower Margin of the rib above

44
Q

External Intercostal Muscles insertion:

A

upper margin of the rib below

45
Q

External Intercostal Muscles action

A

Elevation of the ribs during inspiration

46
Q

External Intercostal Muscles innervation:

A

Intercostal Nerves T1-T6
Thoracoabdominal Nerves T7-T11

47
Q

T/F :There are 12 pair of external intercostal muscles.

A

False, there are 11 pair

48
Q

From their point of origin, the fibers of the external intercostal muscles pass _ and _ to their point of insertion

A

medially and inferiorly

49
Q

The external intercostal muscles extend from the _ of the ribs posteriorly to the region of the _ _ anteriorly.

A

tubercles
costochondral junction

50
Q

The external intercostal muscles thin out near the _ _ +turn into the external intercostal membrane

A

Costochondral junction

51
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscles origin:

A

Upper Margin of the rib below and its costal cartilage

52
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscles insertion:

A

Lower Margin of the rib above and its costal cartilage

53
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscles action:

A

Depression of the ribs during expiration

54
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscles innervation:

A

Intercostal nerves of T1-T6
Thoracoabdominal nerves of T7-T11

55
Q

T/F there are 10 pairs of internal intercostal muscles

A

False, there are 11pairs

56
Q

From their point of origin, the fibers of the internal intercostal muscles pass _ and _ to their point of insertion.

A

medially and superiorly

57
Q

The internal intercostal muscles extend from the _ anteriorly to the _ of the ribs posteriorly where they thin out and become the _ _ _.

A

sternum
angle of the ribs
Internal Intercostal Membrane

58
Q

The _ _ muscles have the same origin, insertion, action, and innervation as the internal intercostal muscles

A

Innermost Intercostal Muscles

59
Q

There are _ pairs of innermost intercostal muscles

A

11 pairs

60
Q

The innermost and internal intercostal muscles are separated by the _ vessels and nerve in a space called the _ plane.

A

intercostal vessels and nerve
Neurovascular Plane

61
Q

Aside from the 3 layers of intercostal muscles, the _ _ and _ are muscles also associated with the thoracic wall.

A

Transversus Thoracis
Subcostales

62
Q

There are _ pairs of thoracic spinal nerves and they all pass thru _ _ and divide into a dorsal and ventral ramus.

A

12 pairs
intervertebral foramen

63
Q

The dorsal rami of the thoracic spinal nerves course _ and divide into _ and _ branches.

A

posteriorly
medial
lateral

64
Q

The ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves are _ branches and they course _ into intercostal spaces.

A

larger
anteriorly

65
Q

The ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves have 3 sets of regional names:

A

T1-T6: Intercostal nerves (proper)
T7-T11: Thoracoabdominal nerves
T12: Subcostal Nerve

66
Q

Pathway of typical intercostal nerve (1/5): Passes _ the neck of the rib numerically corresponding to it (T4= below 4th thoracic rib)

A

below

67
Q

Pathway of typical intercostal nerve (2/5): Courses between the _ and the _ intercostal muscles in the neurovascular plane

A

innermost and internal

68
Q

Pathway of typical intercostal nerve (3/5): Passes forward in the _ _ on the lower surface of the rib, inferior to the intercostal vein and artery.

A

costal groove

69
Q

Pathway of typical intercostal nerve (4/5): Gives off a lateral cutaneous branch that pierces the _ and _ intercostal muscles, and _ anterior muscles. It then divides into anterior and posterior branches that supply the skin of the chest wall.

A

internal and external intercostal muscles
serratus anterior muscles

70
Q

Pathway of typical intercostal nerve (5/5): At the anterior end of the intercostal space it turns _ thru the internal intercostal muscle, the external intercostal _, and the _ _muscle then distributes as the anterior cutaneous branch to the skin in the front of the chest.

A

forward
membrane
pectoralis major muscle

71
Q

Breasts are _ _ modified to produce milk and their major function is _.

A

sweat glands (eww)
lactation

72
Q

The main constituents of the mammary gland are the _ to _ lobes of the glandular tissue (alveoli).

A

15-20 lobes

73
Q

Lobes within the breast contain _ or milk secreting mammary epithelial cells and the lobes are arranged in _ -like clusters.

A

alveoli
grape

74
Q

Of the 15-20 lobes in the breast only _ - _ are considered fully functional, the remaining majority are small and poorly developed.

A

6-8 lobes

75
Q

The majority of the breast contains _ which covers the glandular tissue.

A

fat

76
Q

Each breast lobe is drained by a _ duct that dilates near its end. This dilation is called the _ _ and its ducts empty at the nipple.

A

lactiferous
lactiferous sinus

77
Q

Breast tissue is firmly attached to the skin over the organ by _ _ containing many ligamentous bands.

A

connective tissue

78
Q

The _ _ divides the fat and anchors the glandular tissue with ligamentous bands to the skin of the breast.

A

retinacula cutis

79
Q

Retinacula cutis is well developed in the _ portion of the breast and is called _ _ (Cooper’s Ligaments) in this area.

A

upper
suspensory ligaments

80
Q

The _ is the pigmented part of the breast which contains sebaceous glands.

A

areola

81
Q

The _ are conical or cylindrical prominences found at the center of the areola.

A

nipples

82
Q

The tip of the nipple is _ and contains the opening to the _ ducts.

A

fissured
lactiferous ducts

83
Q

The nipples are mostly composed of circularly arranged _ muscles.

A

smooth

84
Q

Between the breast and deep fascia there is an area of _ _ tissue with almost no fat called the _ _.

A

loose connective tissue
retromammary space

85
Q

The retromammary space allows the breast to move freely on the deep fascia covering the _ _ muscle.

A

pectoralis major

86
Q

The breasts are found superiorly to inferiorly between the _ and _ ribs

A

2-6 ribs

87
Q

The breasts are found medially to laterally between the _ and the _ line.

A

sternum
mid-axillary line

88
Q

T/F The majority of the breast rests on the serratus anterior muscle and the rest lies on the pectoralis major muscle.

A

False, it lies mostly on the pectoralis major and the remaining is on the serratus anterior.

89
Q

Breast tissue is highly vascularized via perforating branches from the _ _ artery (internal thoracic artery; 50% of blood), the _ _ artery, and the _ arteries.

A

Internal Mammary Artery (aka Internal Thoracic Artery)
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Intercostal Arteries

90
Q

The larger vessels to the breast descend to it from a _ or _ position

A

supERolateral or suPERomedial position

91
Q

The breast’s nerves are supplied by anterior and lateral branches from the _ to _ intercostal nerves

A

2nd-6th intercostal nerves

92
Q

Lymph from the breasts drain mostly into the _ nodes (75%), the _ nodes (20%), and the _ _ nodes (5%)

A

axillary nodes
parasternal nodes
inferior phrenic nodes

93
Q

The _ _ nerve is nearby the breasts and during surgery it can be injured and cause the pt to have a _ scapula and difficulty _ above the horizontal plane.

A

Long Thoracic Nerve
winged scapula
abducting

94
Q

The long thoracic nerve courses along the breasts _ on the external surface of the _ _ muscle which it supplies.

A

inferiorly
serratus anterior

Anatomy Dissection (39 decks)

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