Ch 7 Musculature of the Back Flashcards
Bones involved in back muscle attachments
OVCHHSS
-occipital bone
-vertebrae (C,T,L)
-clavicle
-hip bone
-humerus
-scapula
-sacrum
Vertebral areas of muscular attachment
-the spinous process which projects posteriorly from 2 joined laminae
-the transverse processes which laterally project from joined area of pedicle and lamina
Scapular points of attachment
-ACROMION which is the ledge overlying the shoulder joint
-SCAPULAR SPINE which is a prominent ridge continuing laterally with the acromion(post. surface is the CREST) (SUPERIOR, INFERIOR, and at the SCAPULAR SPINE)
-MEDIAL BORDER which is parallel to vertebral column
Humerus points of attachment
-INTERTUBULAR GROOVE AKA SULCUS which is between greater tubercle and lesser tubercle
Superficial Muscles of the Back
-Trapezius
-Latissimus Dorsi
-Levator Scapulae
-Rhomboid Minor
-Rhomboid Major
Trapezius (origin)
-posterior skull/occipital bone
-spinous processes of ALL CV via ligamentum nuchae
-spinous processes of ALL TV
Trapezius (insertion)
LACS
-lateral 1/3 of clavicle
-acromion
-CREST OF SCAPULAR SPINE, SUPERIOR LIP
Trapezius (action)
-upward rotation of the SCAPULA where INFERIOR angle moves LATERALLY
-elevation of scapula AND LATERAL CLAVICLE
-depression of scapula AND LATERAL CLAVICLE
Trapezius (innervation)
-CN XI, accessory nerve
-ventral rami of C3-C4
Latissimus Dorsi (origin)
-lower 3-4 ribs
-iliac crest
-spinous processes of lower 6 TV
-spinous processes of ALL LV and SV via APONEUROSIS
Latissimus Dorsi (insertion)
-Intertubercular groove or sulcus of the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi (action)
MEADD!
-Medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint
-Extension of arm at shoulder joint
-ADDuction of arm at shoulder joint
Latissimus Dorsi (innervation)
-ThorACOdorsAL nerve
Levator Scapulae (origin)
-transverse processes of CV1-CV4
Levator Scapulae (insertion)
elevator UP-superior
-medial border of the scapula superior to scapular spine
Levator Scapulae (action)
-elevation of scapula
Levator Scapulae (innervation)
SHARES THIS WITH TRAPEZIUS
-Ventral Rami C3-4
Rhomboid Minor (origin)
-spinous processes of CV7-TV1
Rhomboid Minor (insertion)
Insertion:
-medial border of scapula AT the scapular spine
Rhomboid Minor (action)
SAME AS MAJOR
-ADDuction of scapula
Rhomboid Minor (innervation)
SAME AS MAJOR
-DorsAL scapulAR nerve
Rhomboid Major (origin)
-spinous processes of TV2-TV5
Rhomboid Major (insertion)
-medial border of scapula INFERIOR to the scapular spine
Rhomboid Major (action)
SAME AS MINOR
-ADDuction of scapula
Rhomboid Major (innervation)
SAME AS MINOR
-dorsal scapular nerve
Muscles of the Deep Back
-erector spinae
-splenius
-transversospinal group
-suboccipital muscles
Erector spinae AKA Sacrospinalis (define/components, best seen)
-largest muscle mass of back
-3 longitudinal muscles (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)
-above 12th rib, moving from medial to lateral
Erector spinae (function/ innervation)
-postural muscle holding spine erect by EXTENDING vertebral column
-segmental from the dorsal rami
Spinalis (location)
most medial part of erector spinae, 1 cm WIDE found ALONG spinous process
Longissimus (location and fun fact)
intermediate part of erector spinae, muscle extending from sacrum all the way to the skull; longest column
Iliocostalis (location)
most lateral part of erector spinae, extends from ilium to ribs
Splenius (define/ components/ location)
-deep back muscle in the neck
-consists of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis; in total spans from ligamentum nuchae - CV1-TV6
Splenius (function/innervation)
when one side acts, the head and cervical column rotate toward the same side, when they act together head and cervical column EXTEND
-segmental from dorsal rami
Splenius Capitis (location)
superior part of splenius, extends from ligamentum nuchae and CV7-TV4 to the skull
Splenius Cervicis (courses from x-y)
inferior portion of splenius, courses from TV3-TV6 and upward to CV1-CV31
Transversospinal Group (components, origin/insertion)
includes: semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores
Origin: all muscles in this group originate from transverse process
Insertion: all muscles insert into spinous process of vertebrae above it
Semispinalis (components/ courses how many V segments, unique fact)
consists of semispinalis capitis, cervicis and thoracis; courses 4-6 vertebral segments, deep muscle occupies upper half of vertebral column
Semispinalis Capitis / Biventer Cervisis (why its named other name, action)
has prominent intervening tendon;
A:EXTENDS head and rotates to SAME side
Semispinalis Cervicis ( superficial or deep to capitis, action?)
deep to semispinalis capitis,
A: rotate vertebrae towards the OPPOSITE side
Semispinalis Thoracis (where in regard to other semispinalis, action)
inferior to semispinalis capitis in thoracis section;
A:rotate vertebrae towards OPPOSITE side
Multifidus (courses, best seen, deep to, action)
course 2-4 vertebral segments; deep muscles best developed/seen in lumbar region deep to erector spinae;
A: rotate vertebral column towards OPPOSITE side
Rotatores (spans, best seen, where on bones, what makes it unique)
courses 1-2 vertebral segments; deep muscles best developed/seen in thoracic region deep to semispinalis thoracis; lie directly on LAMINAE between spines and transverse processes; the DEEPEST back muscles
Rotatores longus and brevis(what does each one do and what is their action)
cross 2 vertebra and attach then attach to vertebra above respectively
A: rotate vertebral column towards OPPOSITE side
Innerve: segmental to dorsal rami
Suboccipital Muscles (4 total, 3 make up suboccipital triangle)
-rectus capitis posterior major (blue)
-rectus capitis posterior minor (orange)
-obliquus capitis inferior (red)
-obliquus capitis superior (green)
Suboccipital triangle
rectus capitis posterior major (blue), obliquus capitis inferior(red) , obliquus capitis superior (green)
The INSERTION of the trapezius embraces the ORIGIN of this:
deltoid
Which is the largest muscular mass of the back?
ERECTOR SPINAE
What is the action of the Erector Spinae
important postural muscle that hold the spine erect by EXTENDING the VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Where does Erector spinae SPLIT and is BEST seen?
ABOVE 12th rib
SACROSPINALIS is another name for ___
Erector Spinae
Which muscle of the erector spinae group is the longest column, touching the skull
Logissimus
How far does the iliocostalis muscle extend?
ilium to the ribs
True or false: the transversospinal group consists of the spinalis, longissimus, and the iliocostalis
False, contains the semispinalis, multifidus, and the rotatores, spinalis is part of erector spinae
How many vertebral segments does the semispinalis course?
4-6
How many vertebral segments does the multifidus course?
2-4
The multifidus is best developed in the _ region and is _ to the erector spinae muscle group?
lumbar, deep
Which back muscle is the DEEPEST?
Rotatores
The rotatores are best developed in the _ region and are deep to the _ _ muscles.
thoracic, semispinalis thoracis
The rotatores lie directly on the _ in the groove between _ and _ _
laminae, spines, transverse processes
True or False: All deep back muscles are segmentally innervated from the ventral rami
False- DORSAL RAMI
True or false: the components of the suboccipital triangle are: rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis minor, and obliquus capitis major.
False- rectus capitis posterior MAJOR, obliquus capitis INFERIOR, and obliquus capitis SUPERIOR–SLOW DOWN
True or False: All deep back muscles actions are to rotate the spine to the opposite side.
False: JUST the TRANSVERSOSPINAL group, EXCLUDING the semispinalis capitis!!!
True or false: the transversospinal group’s muscles get longer on the side they’re pulling, causing rotation of the spine towards that same side
False: the muscles get shorter on the SAME SIDE it’s pulling, rotating spine to OPPOSITE side
True or false: The rotatores longus cross one vertebral segment and rotatores brevis attaches to the next two vertebrae
False: longus cross 2 vertebral segments and brevis attach to the next single vertebrae
The semispinalis capitis _ the head and rotates it towards the _ side
EXTENDS, SAME
True or false: When both sides of the semispinalis capitis act together the head AND cervical column extend.
False, the SPLENIUS , not the SEMIOSPINALIS CAPITIS
Splenius capitis extends from
the LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE and CV7-TV4 to the SKULL
Splenius cervicis courses from
TV3-TV6 upward to CV1-CV3
Both the splenius capitis and cervicis are _ at their origin and are _ at their insertion
continuous, separate
True or false: all muscles part of the transversospinal group originate from the spinous processes and insert into the transverse processes of different vertebrae above it
False, they originate from the TRANSVERSE processes and insert into the SPINOUS processes above them
TRANSVERSO SPINAL -in that order
True or false: the semispinalis is a deep back muscle that occupies the lower 1/2 of the vertebral column
False, UPPER half
One of the points of insertion for the trapezius is the crest of the scapular spine at the _
SUPERIOR LIP
Actions of the trapezius include:
-_ rotation of the scapula where the _ angle moves _
-elevation and _ of the scapula and _ _
-UPWARD ROTATION, INFERIOR, LATERALLY
-DEPRESSION, LATERAL CLAVICLE
Which aspect of the trapezius elevates the scapula and lateral clavicle?
UPPER FIBERS
Which aspect of the trapezius depresses the scapula and lateral clavicle?
LOWER fibers
The scapular spine is a prominent ridge continuous _ with the acromion process.
laterally
The posterior surface of the scapular spine is known as the _ and its edges are known as the _ and _ _
CREST, UPPER and LOWER LIP
The intertubercular groove is found between the _ _ and the _ _
greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle
The semispinalis capitis is also named _ _ after its prominent _ _
Biventer cervicis, INTERVENING TENDON
True or false: the erector spinae consists of 3 laterally coursing muscles.
False, LOGNITUDINALLY
The innervation of the trapezius includes CN XI (accessory nerve) and the _ rami of _ and _.
VENTRAL rami, C3 and C4
The origin of the latissimus dorsi include the _, the _ processes of the _ TV, the iliac _, and the _ processes of the LV and SV via _.
-lower 3-4 ribs
-spinous, lower 6 TV
-iliac CREST
-spinous, aponeurosis
Which 2 parts of the vertebral column does the latissimus dorsi originate from?
spinous processes of the LOWER 6 TV AND the spinous processes of the LV and SV via the APONEUROSIS
Which structures that aren’t vertebrae does the latissimus dorsi originate from?
lower 3-4 ribs and iliac CREST
The latissimus dorsi inserts into _
intertubercular groove or sulcus of the humerus
The actions of the latissimus dorsi include:
-extension, aDDuction, MEDIAL rotation
Where do the actions of the latissimus dorsi occur?
ARM at the shoulder joint!
The latissimus dorsi is innervated by the _ and it shares this nerve with _ other back muscles
THORACODORSAL NERVE, 0
True or false: the levator scapulae originates from the spinous processes of CV2- CV5
false, TRANSVERSE processes of CV1-CV4
The levator scapulae inserts into the _ border of the scapula _ to the scapular spine
medial, SUPERIOR
True or false: the trapezius and the levator scapulae are both innervated by the dorsal rami of C1- C4
false, VENTRAL RAMI of C3-4
True or false: rhomboid minor inserts into the medial border of the scapula inferior to the scapular spine and the rhomboid major inserts into the medial border of the scapula at the scapular spine
False!
Rhomboid minor -> AT medial border of scapular spine
Rhomboid major -> INFERIOR part of medial border of scapular spine
True or false: The rhomboid muscles share 3 things: origin point at TV2-TV5, the action of aDDuction of scapula, and the innervation via the DOSAL SCAPULAR NERVE
False: 2 things: DORSAL SCAPULAR NERVE innervation and ADDUCTION of scapula
Which 2 things make rhomboid muscles different?
Origin and Insertion
The rhomboid minor originates and inserts _ the rhomboid major
ABOVE
What is A and what inserts here?
superior lip of the scapular spine; trapezius
What is B and what inserts here?
medial border, superior of the scapular spine; levator scapulae
What is C and what inserts here?
Medial border at the scapular spine; rhomboid minor
What is D and what inserts here?
Medial border, inferior of the scapular spine; rhomboid major
Which statement is false regarding the deep muscles of the back?
A. Multifidus courses 2 to 4 vertebral segments
B. Semispinalis consists of three regional parts: semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis
C. Innervation of the splenius muscle is segmental from the dorsal rami
D. Splenius cervicis courses from TV3 to TV6 upward to CV7
D splenius cervicis courses from T3-T6 up to CV7 CORRECT ANSWER IS FROM TV3-TV6 TO CV1-CV3
The Splenius capitis extends from the ligamentum nuchae and ____ to ____.
A. CV7, TV4
B. CV7, TV5
C. CV3, TV1
D. CV5, TV4
A) CV7, TV4
Which of the following bones are not involved in back muscle attachments?
A. Scapula
B. Humerus
C. Ribs
D. Iliac crest of the hip bone
C. ribs
Which of the following does not describe the ligamentum flavum?
A. Another name for this ligament is the yellow ligament
B. This ligament extends from the lamina above to the lamina below
C. In extension, they stretch slowly so that movement is not stopped suddenly
D. The ligament thickens going from cervical, to thoracic, to lumbar regions
C in extension they stretch slowly so that movement doesn’t stop abruptly
CORRECT ANSWER: in flexion they stretch slowly
The splenius capitis originates from the _ _ and - and inserts into the _.
LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE AND CV7-TV4 INSERTING INTO THE SKULL
The splenius cervicis originates from - and inserts into -.
TV3-TV6 inserting into CV1-CV3
The ligamentum nuchae is part of the origin of these two back muscles:
trapezius and splenius capitis
