Ch 12 Scalp and Cranial Cavity Flashcards
The scalp consists of _ layers of _ tissue that cover the calvaria
5, soft
The 5 layers of the scalp are:
-skin
-close subCUTANEOUS tissse
-aponeurosis OF 2 MUSCLES
-loose subAPONEUROTIC tissue
-pericranium
The _ 3 layers of the scalp are collectively called the _ _ and are clinically seen as a single layer as they come off together in incidents
external, scalp proper
Layer 1 of the scalp is _, containing _ and _ _.
skin; contains hair and sebaceous glands
Layer 2 of the scalp is _ _ _ which is connective tissue containing _ and _.
close subcutaneous tissue
vasculature and nerves
Layer 3 of the scalp is the flat tendon know as the_ AKA the _ _ AKA the _.
Layer 3, 3 names
Gee
Enough
Already
aponeurosis, galea aponeurotica, epicranium
“galea”=
helmet
The aponeurosis of the scalp is found between the _ muscle anteriorly and the _ muscle posteriorly.
frontalis, occipitalis
Layer 4 of the scalp is the _ _ _ and allows for free movement of the scalp proper.
loose subaponeurotic tissue
The subaponeurotic tissue is also connective tissue that contains space for potential _ or _ to spread easily
blood or pus (nasty)
The subaponeurotic tissue is AKA the danger layer because of the _ _ that connect to the _ _ which can lead to the spread of infection from this layer to the cranium
emissary veins, dural sinuses
Layer 5 of the scalp is the _ which is firmly anchored to the _ surface of the skull and is AKA the _ of the skull.
pericranium, external, periosteum of the skull
3 layers of the cranial bone:
-external layer AKA outer table
-middle layer AKA diploË(2 dots, son)
-internal layer AKA inner table
The external surface of the outer table of the cranial bone is the _ AKA _ which is the 5th layer of the scalp
periosteum AKA pericranium
Both the external layer or _ _ and internal layer or _ _ of the cranial bone are made of _ bone.
outer table, inner table, COMPACT BONE
The diploË which is the _ layer of the cranial bone is made of _ bone.
middle, SPONGY
The thickest cranial bones are the _ and _ bones.
occipital and frontal
The thinnest cranial bone is the _ bone.
temporal
Lining the inner table of the cranial bone is _ AKA _ which is the outer layer of the _.
endosteum AKA endocranium, dura
The scalp’s blood supply comes from vessels below, including branches of the _ _ and the _ _ arteries.
external carotid and the internal carotid arteries
Many blood vessels anastomose freely in the 2nd layer of the scalp, AKA _ _ _
close subcutaneous tissue
The frontal region of the scalp are supplied by branches of the _ carotid arteries.
internal
The _ and _ regions of the scalp are supplied by branches of the external carotid arteries
temporal and occipital
Venae Comitantes arrangement=
2 veins lie on either side of an artery
True or false: Veins of the scalp accompany arteries in venae comitantes arrangements and share the same names as their paired arteries.
true
The scalp is innervated anterior to the external ear via:
-the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
-cranial nerve V: oPHTHalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
The scalp is innervated posterior to the external ear via:
cervical spinal nerves
2 layers of the dura: (3 names for the first item :( )
-meningeal dura
-endosteal dura / endosteum / endocranium
Men Eventually End Everything
Both layers of the dura in the head adhere to each other except at a few specific areas, the separated spots are called _ _.
Dural Sinuses
Dural Sinuses contain _ and absorbed _ AKA _.
blood and absorbed cerebrospinal fluid AKA CSF
DONT FORGET TO SPELL THIS OUT ON EXAM :)
The inner layer of the cranial dura folds internally at 4 folds:
-falx cerebri
-tentorium cerebelli
-falx cerebelli
-diaphragma sellae
“falx”=
sickle
“tentorium”=
tent
Both the falx cerebri and falx cerebelli within the dura are shaped like _.
sickles
The falx cerebri within the dura separates the _ part of the right and left sides of the _
superior, cereBRUM
The falx cerebri within the dura is attached anteriorly to the _ _ and posteriorly to the _ _ at the level of the _ occipital protuberance.
crista galli, tentorium cerebelli, internal
The tentorium cerebelli within the dura forms a tent over the _.
cereBELLUM
The _ _ is inferior to the tentorium cerebelli within the dura and it separates the right and left _ _.
falx cerebelli, cereBELLAR hemispheres
The diaphragma sellae within the dura is:
a small circular horizontal sheet of dura
The diaphragma sellae forms a roof over the hypophyseal fossa within the _ _, which is pierced by the hypophyseal _ AKA _.
sella turcica, hypophyseal stalk AKA INFUNDIBULUM
The vessel the cranial dura is supplied by is the _ _ _.
Middle Meningeal Artery
The middle meningeal artery branches off the _ artery coming off the _ _ artery and courses external to the dura mater.
maxillary, external carotid
MMA-MA-ECA
The inner surface of the calvaria contains indentations from the following vessels:
MMA middle meningeal
MA maxillary
ECA external carotid
Where 2 layers of the dura separate is called a _.
sinus
Dural sinuses contain a vein lined with _ that is NOT collapsible.
endothelium
The dural sinuses drain all _ and _ from the brain and flow to the _ _ _.
blood and CSF, internal jugular vein
The superior sagittal sinus lies in the medial plane on the _ part of the falx _.
superior, cereBRI
The superior sagittal sinus is connected to the _ and _ veins and the lateral expansions of the superior sagittal sinus called the lateral _.
diploic, cerebral, lacunae
The superior sagittal sinus drains _ into the confluence of the dural sinuses.
posteriorly
The _ _ sinus lies in the medial plane on the inferior part of the falx cerebri.
inferior sagittal sinus
The inferior sagittal sinus drains inferiorly into the _ sinus.
straight
The _ sinus is found at the junction of the falx cereBRI and the tentorium cerebelli
straight
The straight sinus receives blood from the _ _ sinus and _ veins and drains _ into the confluence of the sinuses.
inferior sagittal sinus, cereBRAL veins, posteriorly
The transverse sinuses begin at the confluence and course _.
laterally
The transverse sinuses are found within the external border of the _ _ and passes _ toward the petrous portion of the temporal bone to the _ sinus
tentorium cerebelli, anteriorly, sigmoid
The sigmoid sinus extends from transverse sinus coursing along the _ _ inside the skull to the _ foramen where it continues in the neck as the _ _vein.
petrous portion, jugular foramen, internal jugular vein
2 caveronous sinuses are found lateral to the _ _ on each side.
sella turcica
Circle of WIllis=
Cerebral Arterial Circle
The circle of willis AKA cerebral arterial circle sits between the right and left _ _ arteries and the right and left _ arteries.
internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries
The internal carotid artery ascends and branches into the _ _ artery and the _ _ artery
anterior cerebral and middle cerebral
The anterior cerebral artery courses within the _ _ of the cerebrum.
longitudinal fissure
The middle cerebral artery courses within the _ _ of the cerebrum
lateral fissure
The _ artery branches off from the subclavian artery and travels up through the transverse foramina of CV6-CV1.
vertebral
From the transverse foramina of CV6-CV1, the vertebral artery passes through the foramen magnum, joining with the vertebral artery on the other side to form the _ artery.
basilar
The basilar artery courses along the groove on the _ and divides into 2 _ _ arteries.
pons, posterior cerebral
The actual circle part of circle of willis AKA cerebral arterial circle is formed by (6 different types of arteries):
BIPPAA, 2 cerebral, 2 communicating
-basilar
-internal carotid artery
-posterior cerebral arteries
-posterior communicating arteries
-anterior cerebral arteries
-anterior communicating arteries
NOT VERTEBRAL
