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Anatomy Dissection > Ch 6 Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Ch 6 Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral Column (location)

A

found in posterior portion of the trunk

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2
Q

Functions of Vertebral Column

A

-posture
-support weight
-protect spinal cord and nerves
-partial protection of thoracic and abdominal organs

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3
Q

Bones of the Back (3 type)

A

moveable presacral vertebrae
-cervical (7)
-thoracic (12
-lumbar(5)
-intervertebral discs
sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)

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4
Q

Fetal Curvature(direction of curve, why does it curve)

A

-only one curvature, concave anteriorly AKA primary curvature (1*);
-result of differences in height between ant. and post. aspects of VERTEBRAL BODIES

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5
Q

Adult Curvature

A

contain primary and secondary curvature, secondary is concave posteriorly because of differing heights between ant. and post. aspects of INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
-cervical 2*
-thoracic 1*
-lumbar 2*
-sacral 1*

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6
Q

Typical Vertebrae (components)

A

-body
-vertebral arch
-pedicle
-lamina
-vertebral foramen
-vertebral canal
-spinous process
-transverse processes
-superior articulating processes
-inferior articulating processes
-vertebral notches
-intervertebral foramen
-spinal nerve

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7
Q

Body (11)

A

large round mass of a vertebra, forms anterior aspect of vertebra

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8
Q

Vertebral Arch (location/components)

A

posterior to body, consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae, NOT the spinous process on it!

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9
Q

Pedicle

A

(3) BRIDGE of bone extending from posterior aspect of the body

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10
Q

Lamina

A

(2) flat plate of bone extending from pedicle, 2 lamina fuse with each other over median plane

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11
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

(10) hole in the center of vertebra that houses the spinal cord;
boundaries of the foramen:
-ant: body
-post: laminae
-lateral: pedicles

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12
Q

Vertebral Canal (definition)

A

formed by the individual vertebral foramina when the 24 presacral vertebrae are ARTICULATED

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13
Q

Spinous Process

A

(4) single process that projects posteriorly from each vertebral arch at junction of 2 lamina

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14
Q

Transverse Processes

A

(5) 2 processes that project laterally from junction of lamina and pedicle

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15
Q

Superior Articular Processes (articulates with, name of joint formed)

A

(8) 2 processes that project superiorly to articulate at ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINT / FACET JOINT with the inferior articular processes of subadjacent vertebra

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16
Q

Inferior Articular Processes (what it articulates with, which joint is formed)

A

(7) 2 processes that project inferiorly to articulate with superior articular processes of infrajacent vertebra;
-lying between the superior and inferior processes is the ZYGAPOPHYSEAL or FACET JOINT

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17
Q

Vertebral Notches(where, what they form, what’s inside that?)

A

found on the superior and inferior surface of the pedicle, when the vertebrae articulate these form INTRAVERTEBRAL FORAMEN which contains the SPINAL NERVE

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18
Q

Cervical Vertebrae (which parts makes them unique generally, which CV are special)

A

Typical: transverse foramen, bifid spinous process, bifid transverse processes
Specialized: atlas, axis, vertebra prominens

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19
Q

Transverse Foramen (which CV have it, what does it house, do all CV house it?

A

(13) found in transverse processes of ALL cervical vertebra, vertebral artery ASCENDS thru this from CV6-CV1

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20
Q

Bifid Spinous Process (where, which CV have it)

A

(12) goes off into 2 smaller projections, found on CV2-CV6

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21
Q

Bifid Transverse Processes (how are they divided, which CV have them?)

A

(14,15) divided into 2 projections: anterior (14) and posterior(15) TUBERCLES; found on CV3-CV6

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22
Q

CV1 Atlas (what makes it different)

A

-no body, it is replaced by dens of CV2
-no laminae or spinous process, replaced by the anterior (30) and posterior arch (34)
-superior articular PROCESSES are concave for articulation with occipital CONDYLES

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23
Q

CV2 Axis (components)

A

prominent superior projection called DENS PROCESS or ODONTOID PROCESS (37) extends to the atlas; one DEN two

-transverse foramen (13)

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24
Q

CV7 Vertebra PromiNENs (what makes it different)

A

-does NOT bifurcate at processes
-LONGEST MOST PROMINENT spinous process of all CV, helps count vertebrae
-only has vertebral vein in its transverse foramen

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25
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae (what makes this different, what articulates with it and where)

A

-no foramina inside transverse processes
-has transverse costal facets(21) on transverse processes for articulation with ribs (12 TV and 12 pairs of ribs)

26
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae (which 4 aspects make it different)

A

-no foramina in transverse processes
-no facets on transverse processes
-largest in size, increase in size going down to sacrum then decreases to coccyx
-spinous processes are QUADrangular in shape

27
Q

Sacrum(components, points of articulation)

A

made of 5 fused vertebrae, has 2 surfaces = pelvic and dorsal; 4 pair of foramen on each side
Articulations:
-superior, intervertebral disc inferior to LV5 articulates with SACRAL PROMONTORY (43)
-lateral; the ALA (8) of the sacrum articulates with the ilium of the hip bone
-AURICULAR SURFACE=a smooth surface on lateral part of ala forming sacroiliac joint (SI)
-inferior, coccyx

28
Q

Pelvic Sacral foramina (define, what goes thru)

A

(44) four pair of openings for the VENTRAL RAMI of S1-S4

29
Q

Median Sacral Crest (45)

A

part of DORSAL surface; ridge that is a remnant of spinous processes of the superior 3-4 sacral vertebrae

30
Q

Dorsal Sacral Foramina (what are they, what exits them)

A

(46) part of DORSAL surface; four pair of foramina for DORSAL RAMI of S1-S4

31
Q

Sacral Hiatus (which surface, what is it, what is it missing)

A

part of DORSAL surface; an opening due to absence of LAMINAE on 5th sacral segment

32
Q

Number of PRESACRAL bones of the back

A

24 (C7, T12, L5)

33
Q

Number of PREFUSION bones of the back

A

33 (C7,T12,L5, S5, Coccyx 4)

34
Q

Which direction does vertebral artery go and which cervical vertebrae contain it? Which PART of CV houses it?

A

ASCENDS upward from CV6-CV1; inside TRANSVERSE FORAMEN; CV 7 only contains vertebral veins

35
Q

What articulates with the sacral promontory?

A

Intervertebral disc inferior to L5

36
Q

The AURICULAR surface is part of the _ and articulates with the _ to form the _.

A

ala, ilium, sacroiliac joint

37
Q

Which nerve exits thru the pelvic sacral foramina?

A

Ventral rami of S1-4

38
Q

Which nerve exits thru the dorsal sacral foramina?

A

Dorsal rami of S1-S4

39
Q

What is the reason behind the pelvis holding the most weight?

A

Vertebrae increase in size going down, become fused at sacrum then grow smaller thru sacrum to coccyx; LV and sacrum support the most weight

40
Q

What besides its size and quadrangular spinous processes makes LV different than TV?

A

Lack of facets on transverse process (no ribs)

41
Q

Which articulation of the TV moves the TUBERCLE of the rib with the transverse processes?

A

Costotransverse joint

42
Q

Which articulation of TV moves the HEAD of the ribs with the body of the vertebra?

A

Costovertebral joint

43
Q

True of false: each pair of ribs has a corresponding TV.

A

True

44
Q

How many articulations are part of sacrum and where do they occur?

A

3:
-superior: the sacral promontory and LV5 articulate at the intervertebral disc between them
-lateral: auricular surface of the ala forming the sacro-iliac joint
-inferior: coccyx

45
Q

What is the opening near the 5th sacral segment called and what is it missing?

A

Sacral Hiatus, lamina

46
Q

What is the name of the articulation point on the TV’s transverse processes?

A

Transverse costal facet

47
Q

Which statement regarding vertebrae is correct?
A) the atlas lacks a body, laminae, and spine
B) TV1 is called the vertebral prominens
C) a bifid transverse process is found on all presacral vertebrae
D) the ligamentum nuchae attaches to the transverse processes of all 7 cervical vertebrae
E) the vertebral arch of CV7 lacks pedicles and laminae and is replaced by a structure called the posterior arch

A

A, the atlas lacks a body, laminae, and a spine

48
Q

Which of the vertebra would be the largest?
A) atlas
B axis
C) vertebral prominens
D) TV1
E) LV1

A

E, LV1

49
Q

Which of the following vertebra would contain the smallest transverse foramen?
A) atlas
B) axis
C) vertebra prominens
D) TV1
E) LV1

A

C, vertebra prominens

50
Q

Which statement regarding a typical vertebrae is correct?
A) vertebral notches are on the superior and interior surfaces of the lamina
B) a superior articular process articulates with the spine of the vertebra immediately above it
C) the spinous process attaches to the vertebral arch at the junction of the R and L laminae
D) the anterior boundary of the vertebral foramen is formed by the pedicles
E) the two laminae both attach directly to the vertebral body

A

C, The spinous processes attach to the vertebral arch at the junction of the R and L laminae

51
Q

Which statement regarding vertebrae is correct?
A) the atlas lacks a transverse foramen
B) the transverse processes of all thoracis vertebrae contain transverse formen
C) between the dens and the body of CV1 lies and intervertebral disc
D) the spines of the thoracic vertebrae are quadrangular
E) all sacral formina are transversed by the rami of sacral spinal nerves only

A

E, all sacral foramina are transversed by the rami of sacral spinal nerves only

52
Q

Which statement regarding the adult vertebral column is correct?
A) the presacral vertebrae form 1* curvatures only
B) the coccyx articulates with presacral vertebrae
C) the same type of curvature exists in both the cervical and lumbar regions
D) the secondary curvature occurs as a result of the difference in height of the anterior and posterior portions of the vertebral bodies

A

C, the same type of curvature exists in both cervical and lumbar regions~2*

53
Q

Which of the following regarding curvatures of the vertebral column is true?
A. The primary curvature results as a difference of height between the anterior and posterior intervertebral discs
B. Primary and secondary curvatures are concave anteriorly
C. Thoracic and sacral curvatures retain the primary curvature
D. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures have secondary curvatures

A

C. Thoracic and sacral curvatures retain the primary curvature

54
Q

Which of the following matchings is true?
A. Cervical: concave anteriorly
B. Thoracic: convex anteriorly
C. Lumbar: concave posteriorly
D. Lumbar: concave anteriorly

A

C: lumbar concave posteriorly

55
Q

Which is matched correctly about the intervertebral disc heights?
A. Cervical: higher posteriorly than anteriorly
B. Lumbar: higher anteriorly than posteriorly
C. Thoracic region: higher anteriorly than posteriorly
D. Cervical region: about the same anteriorly and posteriorly

A

B. lumbar higher anteriorly than posteriorly

56
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the cervical vertebrae?
A. Bifid transverse processes are found on cervical vertebrae CV3 to CV6
B. Bifid spinous process is found on CV1 to CV6
C. Bifid transverse processes are found on CV2 to CV6
D. Bifid transverse processes have 2 projections: anterior and posterior laminae

A

A, bifid transverse processes are on CV3- CV6

57
Q

All of the following are true regarding the bones of the vertebral column except.
A. There are five types of vertebrae in the spine.
B. There are 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column before fusion.
C. The ribs articulate with the vertebrae at only one location.
D. The coccyx is typically formed by four fused vertebrae.

A

C. the ribs articulate with the vertebrae at only one location;

CORRECT ANSWER: 2 locations-costovertebral joint and costotransverse joint

58
Q

Which of the following is correct?
A. The primary curvature result of difference in the height between the superior and inferior aspects of the vertebral bodies.
B. There are a total of 24 non—moveable bones in the body.
C. The thoracic and sacral curvature retain the secondary curvature and the cervical and lumbar curvatures retain the primary curvature.
D. The differences in between the anterior and posterior aspects of the intervertebral discs causes the secondary curvature to be concave.

A

D. The differences in between the anterior and posterior aspects of the intervertebral discs causes the secondary curvature to be concave.

59
Q

Which of the following is correct?
A. The vertebral artery descends through the transverse foramen CV6 to CV1.
B. A transverse foramen is found in the transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae.
C. The vertebral artery is the only vessel coursing through its transverse foramen.
D. The spinous processes of the Atlas is replaced by the anterior arch.

A

B. A transverse foramen is found in the transverse proves of all cervical vertebrae.

60
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the vertebral column?
A. Partial protection for thoracic organs only
B. Posture
C. Support of weight
D. Protection for the spinal cord and spinal nerves

A

A. Partial protection for thoracic organs only

Anatomy Dissection (39 decks)

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