Ch 25 Mediastinum Flashcards
The mediastinum is the space between the right and left _ of the thorax.
pleura
“media” in latin means
middle
“instestinum” in latin means
intestine
The mediastinum is considered the _ space.
interpleural
T/F The mediastinum contains all organs of the thorax.
False, excluding the lungs
The pleura is a thin, _ membrane found in the thoracic cavity on both the right and left sides.
serous
The pleura is divided in to 2 parts:
Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura
The pleura is double layered; the inner layer is the _ and the outer layer is the _ _ layer.
Mesothelium
Connective Tissue Layer
The visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs at all points except the _ (where all structures enter or leave lungs)
hilus
The visceral pleura dips into the _ that separate the lobes of the lungs.
fissures
T/F The visceral pleura is very sensitive to pain, containing many nerves.
False, the visceral pleura is insensitive and contains very few nerves
Visceral pleura’s arterial supply comes from the _ arteries which are direct branches of the _ _ _.
bronchial arteries
descending thoracic aorta
Parietal pleura is the pleura lining the inner surface of the _ _, _, and _.
thoracic wall
diaphragm
mediastinum
T/F The parietal pleura is insensitive to pain and lacks nerves.
False, it is sensitive to pain and has many nerve fibers
The parietal pleura’s arterial supply comes from the posterior _ arteries and the internal _ arteries aka the internal _ arteries
Posterior Intercostal Arteries
Internal Thoracic Arteries (aka Internal Mammary Arteries)
The 4 parts of the parietal pleura include:
Costal Parietal Pleura
Cupolar (Cervical) Parietal Pleura
Diaphragmic Parietal Pleura
Mediastinal Parietal Pleura
The costal parietal pleura lines the _, the _, and the _ muscles.
sternum
ribs
intercostal
The cupolar parietal pleura courses over the _ of the lung and reaches to the _ of the first rib.
Apex
Neck
The diaphragmatic parietal pleura covers the _ surface of the diaphragm.
upper
The mediastinal parietal pleura forms the lateral boundaries of the mediastinum and lines the _ and _ surfaces of the pericardium.
outer
lateral
Areas where 2 parts of parietal pleura join (not lung) are called recesses of which there are 2:
Costomediastinal Recess
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
The costomediastinal recess is a reflection of parietal pleura at the junction of _ and _ pleura.
costal and mediastinal
The costomediastinal recess is filled by the _ border of the lung during strenuous breathing.
anterior
The costodiaphragmic recess is a reflection of the parietal pleura at the junction of _ and _ pleura.
costal and diaphragmic
The costodiaphragmic recess is filled by the _ border of the lung during strenuous breathing.
inferior
The pleural cavity is the space between the _ and _ pleura.
Visceral
Parietal
The pleural cavity is maintained at a state of continuous _ pressure
negative
T/F The pleural space lacks capillaries and is filled with air.
False, it is filled with a thin fluid and is capillary dense
The negative pressure in the pleural cavity keeps the _ pleura and the lung adjacent to the _ pleura ( and thus to the thoracic wall and diaphragm)
visceral pleura
parietal pleura
Due to negative pressure in the pleural cavity, any movement in the _ _ and _ will result in corresponding movement of the lung
thoracic wall and diaphragm
If negative pressure is lost in the pleural cavity the lung would collapse due to its inherent _ ( causing internal _ fibers to shorten).
elasticity
elastic
Collapse of a lung is called _ and the presence of air in the pleural cavity is called _.
atelectasis
pneumothorax
The mediastinum is defined as the space between the right and left _ _.
Mediastinal Pleura
The mediastinum extends from the _ anteriorly to the _ _ posteriorly.
sternum
vertebral column
The mediastinum extends from the level of the _ _ superiorly to the _ inferiorly.
Thoracic Inlet
Diaphragm
The mediastinum contains 4 parts:
Anterior Mediastinum
Superior Mediastinum
Middle Mediastinum
Posterior Mediastinum
The anterior mediastinum contains (2 items):
Loose Connective Tissue
Thymus
The superior mediastinum contains (9 items):
Thymus
Great Vessels (Aorta, SVC, Pulm Trunk)
Brachiocephalic Veins
Trachea
Esophagus (25cm long)
Thoracic Duct
Vagus Nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic Nerve
Azygos Vein (drains blood from posterior thoracic wall into the SVC)
The middle mediastinum contains (4 items):
Heart
Great Vessels
Pericardium
Phrenic Nerve
The posterior mediastinum contains (6 items):
Thoracic Aorta
Esophagus
Thoracic Duct
Vagus Nerve
Azygos Vein
Sympathetic Trunk
The _ are the only structures not found in the mediastinum
lungs
The great vessels are found in which 2 mediastina?
Superior and Middle Mediastina
The thymus is found in which 2 mediastina?
Anterior and Superior Mediastina
The thoracic duct, esophagus, vagus nerve, and azygos vein are found in which 2 mediastina?
Superior and Posterior Mediastina
The phrenic nerve is found in which 2 mediastina?
Superior and Middle Mediastina
The diaphragm forms the _ boundary of the thorax.
inferior
The diaphragm’s origin is:
periphery posterior to the xiphoid process
lower 6 ribs
posterior abdominal wall
The diaphragm’s insertion is into:
central tendon
The diaphragm’s action is:
inspiration
The diaphragm is innervated by:
phrenic nerve
The diaphragm has 3 openings and they are found at:
TV8
TV10
TV12
The diaphragmic opening found at TV8 is the _ opening for the inferior _ _
caval opening
IVC
The diaphragmic opening found at TV10 is the _ _ for the esophagus and CN _, _ nerve
esophageal hiatus
CN X Vagus
The diaphragmic opening found at TV12 is the _ hiatus for the _.
Aortic Hiatus
Aorta
