Ch 8 Articulations of the Vertebral Column Flashcards
Articulations between vertebral bodies (locations)
Found on bony surfaces:
-inferior surface of the supradjacent vertebral body
-superior surface of the infradjacent vertebral body
Intervertebral Discs (components, type of cartilage)
-ANULUS FIBROSUS and NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
-fibrocartilaginous discs
Anulus Fibrosus (location, components)
-periphery of intervertebral disc
-made of fibrocartilage mostly comprised of collagen
Anulus Fibrosus (4 functions)
-bind vertebrae together
-provide joint stability
-move between two adjacent vertebrae (many as a whole)
-retention of nucleus pulposus
Nucleus Pulposus (location, what does it contain, how does this change thru lifespan)
-center of intervertebral disc
-contains a lot of water, ~88% as fetus, ~80% as an adult and ~70% in late life causing people to become short as they dehydrate
Ligaments of the Vertebral Column (5 type)
articulations between vertebral processes and articular processes are supported by ligaments;
-anterior longitudinal ligament
-posterior longitudinal ligament
-ligamentum flavum
-supraspinous ligament
-inTERspinous ligament
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (spans from x-y)
-courses along anterior and anterior-lateral surface of vertebral column from BASILAR PART of OCCIPITAL BONE to the SACRUM
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (appearance, spanning, other name for top part)
repeating hourglass shape extending from BODY of AXIS down to SACRUM
-upper end is continuous with MEMBRANA TECTORIA on dens
Ligamentum Flavum (appearance, spans from x-y)
its many elastic fibers make it yellow
-extends from lamina above to lamina below
-thickens going down from cervical all the way to lumbar region
Supraspinous Ligament (connects, spans, different name)
-strong ligament connecting SPINOUS processes from AXIS to SACRUM
-supraspinous ligament ABOVE CV7 in the neck is called LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE
INTERspinous Ligament(where is it poorly seen, fills space between?)
-thin membrane, poorly developed in CERVICAL region
-fills space between spine to spine and between deep ligamentum flavum and supraspinal ligaments
Intervertebral disc (function)
separate and bind vertebral bodies together
How many intervertebral discs are there and are there more, equal, or less vertebrae than discs?
23 discs, more vertebrae than discs (24 presacral)
2* curvatures are thought to be caused by the _ and _ discs being higher anteriorly than posteriorly.
cervical and lumbar
True or false: thoracic discs’ height are about = anteriorly and posteriorly.
True
True of false: Intervertebral discs are named and numbered based on vertebrae BELOW them.
false! named after vertebrae above them!!! ex) lumbar DISC 5 is BELOW LV5 (attaching to sacrum)
Which kind of ligaments do the external fibers of the anulus fibrosus blend into? How about internal?
longitudinal, nucleus pulposus
The dehydration of the _ _ over time is thought to account for aging people becoming shorter.
Nucleus Pulposus
Intervertebral discs being compressed can cause the _ _ to bulge.
Nucleus Pulposus
True or false: The anulus fibrosus is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly, causing it to bulge anteriorly when the disc is compressed.
False, it is thicker anteriorly, causing it to bulge posteriorly
The anterior longitudinal ligament spans:
from the BASILAR part of the occipital bone to the sacrum
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (function)
- resist EXTENSION as body weight increases on 2* curvature in lumbar region
What is the anterior longitudinal ligament attached to?
outer lamELLA of the anterior anulus fibrosus and PERIOSTEUM of the vertebral bodies
ANTerior ANulus
PERsistent A’s and L’s
What kind of cartilage is found on the outer bony surface of vertebral bodies and what kind of joint occurs there?
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilaginous joint
Ligamentum Flavum (function)
-with FLEXION they stretch slowly so movement isn’t stopped abruptly and help with return to extension
-does NOT fold in on itself and put pressure on spinal cord
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (location)
-on posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, narrow thru vertebral bodies and widens over discs from its fibers fusing to outer fibers of the discs
-lies in vertebral canal anterior to spinal cord and meninges
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (function)
-resists FLEXION as body weight increases on 1* curvature of thoracic region
What kind of joint is the articulation between vertebral bodies?
Fibrocartilaginous
True or false: intervertebral discs account for 1/3 of the length of the vertebral column
false, 1/4
The main component of the _ _ is water.
nucleus pulposus
It’s thought that the water content of the nucleus pulposus is _% as a fetus, _% as an adult, and _% as a older adult.
88, 80, 70
What does the high water count of nucleus pulposus disprove in regards to discs?
Discs being compressible; it would just flatten and cause the nucleus pulposus to bulge
The role of intervertebral discs is :
to separate and bind vertebral bodies together
Collagen fibers in the anulus fibrosus are arranged as _ _ called _ and run _ to adjacent _.
-concentric rings, lamella, obliquely, lamellae
Where is the most superior disc located?
Between the Axis and CV3
Where is the most inferior disc located?
Between L5 and the sacrum
Articulations between vertebral bodies occur on the _ surface of supradjacent vertebral bodies and the _ surface of infradjacent vertebral bodies
inferior, superior
Which ligament connects lamina to lamina, thickening as it goes down vertebrae?
Ligamentum Flavum
The _ ligament looks like repeating hourglass shapes
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
This ligament spans from the body of the axis down to the sacrum
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
The posterior longitudinal ligament is continuous with the _ _ on the dens.
Membrana Tectoria
The _ ligament connects the spinous processes of the axis down to the sacrum.
Supraspinous Ligament
The “yellow ligament” is another name for the _ _ which is yellow from its many _ _.
-ligamentum flavum
-elastic fibers
The ligamentum nuchae is another term for the _ ligament which is found _ CV7.
-supraspinous ligament, ABOVE
During _ the _ _ stretches slowly so it can aid in extension and not stop moving abruptly.
-extension, ligamentum flavum
The interspinous ligament is poorly developed in the _ region.
cervical
This ligament doesn’t fold in on itself therefore it doesn’t put pressure on the spinal cord.
Ligamentum Flavum
This ligament fills space between spine to spine and between deep ligamentum flavum and supraspinous ligaments
-interspinous ligament
Spines serve as attachment points for the:
A) ligamentum nuchae
B) anterior longitudinal ligament
C) anulus fibrosus
D) ligamentum flavum
A, the spines serve as attachment processes for the ligamentum nuchae
The ligamentum flavum connects lamina to
A) vertebral bodies
B) spines
C) articular processes
D) laminae
E) pedicles
D, the ligamentum flavum connects lamina to laminae
Which statement regarding intervertebral discs is correct?
A) Each disc is composed of an anulus fibrosus surrounding a nucleus pulposus
B) The superior most disc lies between CV1 and the atlas
C) The discs account for half of the vertebral column’s length
D) In the cervical and lumbar regions, the discs tend to be higher anteriorly than posteriorly resulting in 1* curvature in these regions
E) There are 24 intervertebral discs in a vertebral column
A, each disc is composed of a anulus fibrosis and a nucleus pulposus
Which of the following statements is false regarding the intervertebral discs?
A. There are 23 vertebral discs
B. The most superior intervertebral disc is between atlas and axis
C. Intervertebral discs consist of two parts: anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus
D. The discs are named and numbered according to the vertebrae below which they lie
B) the most superficial intervertebral disc lies between the atlas and axis
CORRECT ANSWER: lies between axis and CV2
Which of the following is true about the intervertebral discs?
A. Synovial discs separate the vertebral bodies
B. The discs are named based on the vertebra below which they lie
C. The discs have the same orientation through the spinal column
D. The intervertebral disc consists of: the anulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposus, and the synovial capsulosus
B. the discs are named based on the vertebrae below which they lie
Which of the following is false about the ligaments of the vertebral column?
A. The ligamentum flavum is known as the white ligament because it is made of the same tissue as the aponeurosis
B. The Ligamentum nuchae is the supraspinous ligament above CV7
C. Interspinous ligaments are poorly developed in the cervical region.
D. The anterior longitudinal ligament tends to resist extension as body weight attempts to increase the secondary
curvature of the spine.
A. ligamentum flavum is known as the white ligament because its made of the same tissue as the aponeurosis
CORRECT ANSWER: it is the YELLOW ligament from the yellow elastic fibers
Which of the following is true about the ligaments of the vertebral column?
A. The anterior longitudinal ligament tends to resist flexion, as the body weight attempts to increase this secondary curvature of the lumbar region
B. The posterior longitudinal ligament has a distinct repeating hourglass shape
C. The ligamentum flavum extends from the lamina below to the lamina above
D. The interspinous ligaments are well developed in the cervical region
B. The posterior longitudinal ligament has a distinct repeating hourglass shape
**A is wrong, ant.post.lig. resists EXTENSION from weight on 2 curve
**C is wrong, LIG.FLAVUM extends from the lamina ABOVE to lamina BELOW
**D is wrong, POORLY developed in cervical region
Which is false regarding the intervertebral discs?
A. Fibrocartilaginous discs separate and bind together the vertebral bodies
B. The discs are named in numbered according to the vertebra below which they lie
C. The discs account for 1/3 of the length of the vertebral column
D. The discs differ in different regions
C)the discs account for 1/3 of the length of the vertebral column
CORRECT ANSWER: 1/4 the length
DISCS ARE NAMED/NUMBERES IN REGARD TO VERTEBRAE ABOVE THEM; LUMBAR DISC 5 IS BELOW LV5**
DISCS DO DIFFER IN DIFFERENT REGIONS- C+L higher ant. than post.; T ~=height
After which vertebrae does the supraspinous ligament change name?
A. Above CV6
B. Below CV7
C. At CV7
D. Above CV7
D. above CV7
NOT AT CV7,ABOOOOVE
Which of the following is TRUE regarding articulation between vertebral bodies?
A. Intervertebral discs account for one third of the length of the vertebral column.
B. Intervertebral discs are named and numbered according to the vertebra above which they lie.
C. In the cervical and lumbar regions, the intervertebral discs tend to be higher anteriorly than posteriorly.
D. There are 24 total discs.
E. The bony surfaces of the vertebral body is covered by a thin plate of elastic cartilage.
C. In the cervical and lumbar regions, the intervertebral discs tend to be higher anteriorly than posteriorly.
DISCS ARE NAMES AND NUMBERED BY THE VERTEBRAE BELOW THEM
Which statement regarding the curvatures of the vertebral column is false?
A. In the fetus, the vertebral column exhibits one curvature.
B. The thoracic and sacral curvatures retain the primary curvature.
C. A secondary curvature is concave superiorly.
D. A primary curvature is concave anteriorly.
C. A secondary curvature is concave superiorly.
Which of the following statement regarding the intervertebral discs is incorrect?
A. There are 23 discs total.
B. The discs account for 1/4 of the length of the vertebral column.
C. In the thoracic region, the discs tend to be higher anteriorly than posteriorly.
D. The discs are named and numbered according to the vertebra below which they lie.
C. The thoracic region discs tend to be higher ant. than post.
Which statement regarding the ligaments of the vertebral column is correct?
A. The supraspinous ligaments below CV7 in the neck are called ligamentum nuchae.
B. The ligamentum nuchae is also known as the yellow ligament because of its many elastic fibers.
C. The posterior longitudinal ligament tends to resist extension.
D. The anterior longitudinal ligament fuses with the periosteum of the vertebral bodies.
D. The anterior longitudinal ligament fuses with the periosteum of the vertebral bodies.
posterior longitudinal ligament resists FLEXION
Which of the following statements are false regarding the ligaments of the spine?
A. The posterior longitudinal ligament courses along the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies.
B. The anterior longitudinal ligament fuses with the periosteum of the vertebral bodies, and the outer lamella of the
anterior part of the anulus fibrosus.
C. The anterior longitudinal ligament allows for resistance of extension.
D. The posterior longitudinal ligament lies on the posterior border of the vertebral canal.
D. The posterior longitudinal ligament lies on the posterior border of the vertebral canal.
Which of the following is correctly paired?
A. Supraspinous ligament: thin membrane that fills the intervals from spine to spine
B. Interspinous ligament: poorly developed ligament in the cervical region
C. Ligamentum flavum: connects spinous processes from the axis to the sacrum
D. Anterior longitudinal ligament: thin ligament that courses along the anterior and anterior—lateral surfaces of the vertebral column
B. interspinous ligament is poorly developed in cervical region
A- supraspinous ligament is STRONG, not thin
C-supraspinous ligament connects spinous processes of axis down to sacrum, not lig.flavum
D-anterior long. lig is broad and THICK, not thin
Which of the following is the false statement about the intervertebral discs?
A.) The superior most disc is between the axis and the third cervical vertebrae within the vertebral column.
B.) The discs tend to be higher anteriorly within the cervical and thoracic regions.
C.) The discs are named and numbered according to the vertebrae below which they lie.
D.) The annulus fibrosus forms the periphery of the vertebral discs and is composed of collagen fiber.
E.) The intervertebral discs function to bind vertebral bodies together, joint stability, and the movement between
two adjacent vertebrae.
B. the discs are higher ant. within cervical and thoracic regions —-not thoracic, LUMBAR
