Ch 32 Digestive System Organology Flashcards
The _ system is the system of the body concerned with the breakdown of food and absorbing nutrients. Its 3 other names are:
digestive system
digestive tract
gastrointestinal tract
alimentary canal
The organs of the digestive system are a continuous tube from the _ _ to the _.
oral cavity
anus
The _ nervous system, which is part of the _ nervous system, lines the digestive tract in a web like manner.
enteric
autonomic
The _ is a large, highly folded serous membrane found in the abdomen.
Peritoneum
The part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall is called the _ _.
Parietal Peritoneum
The part of the peritoneum that lines the surface of the abdominal organs is called the _ _.
Visceral Peritoneum
The cavity between the parietal and visceral peritoneum has a thin film of fluid and is called the _ _.
Peritoneal Cavity
The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 sacs:
Greater Sac
Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
The greater sac is the main part of the peritoneal cavity and extends from the diaphragm to the _ _ and from the _ abdominal wall to the _ abdominal wall.
pelvic floor
anterior abdominal wall
posterior abdominal wall
The _ _( _ _ ) is the smaller part of the peritoneal cavity and is found _ to the stomach and up behind the liver and downward to the greater omentum.
lesser sac (omental bursa)
posterior
There is only one opening between the greater and lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity and it is the:
Epiploic Foramen of Winslow
The epiploic foramen of winslow in the peritoneum has 4 boundaries:
Portal Vein, hepatic artery proper, and bile duct (in lesser omentum more anteriorly)
Duodenum (inferiorly)
Inferior Vena Cava (posteriorly)
Liver (superiorly)
Peritoneal folds and membranes are reflections of _ _.
visceral peritoneum
The falciform ligament extends from the _ to the _ abdominal wall.
Liver
Anterior
The falciform ligament contains the _ _ of the liver (obliterated umbilical vein) in its free edge.
round ligament of the liver
The greater omentum extends from the _ curvature of the stomach to the _ _ forming a fatty apron over the small intestines. (eww, fatty apron? really?)
greater
transverse colon
(never going to unsee this fatty apron)
The lesser omentum extends from the _ curvature of the stomach to the _.
lesser
liver
The lesser omentum contains the _ _, _ _, and the _ _ _ in its right free edge.
bile duct
portal vein
hepatic artery proper
The mesentery (mesentery proper) supports and suspends the _ and _ from the _ abdominal wall
jejunum
ileum
posterior
The transverse mesocolon suspends the _ _ from the _ abdominal wall.
transverse colon
posterior
The sigmoid mesocolon suspends the _ _ from the _ abdominal wall.
sigmoid colon
posterior
The retroperitoneal structures are found posterior to the abdominal wall and behind the peritoneum and include (6 items):
-ascending colon
-descending colon
-duodenum
-pancreas
-kidneys and ureter
-aorta and inferior vena cava
The oral cavity (mouth) contains the _, the _, and openings of the _ _.
tongue
teeth
salivary glands
The tongue is a skeletal muscular organ and its main functions are:(3 items)
-sense of taste
-mastication
-movement of food
The adult human has _ teeth of four types which are _, _, _, and _.
32
incisors
canines
premolar
molar
How many salivary glands are there?
-6 GLANDS or 3 pair
The 3 pair of salivary glands are all _ glands because they’re drained by a duct.
exocrine
The 3 pair of salivary glands are called:
-parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual
The parotid salivary gland is found just below the _ and is drained by the _ _ .
ear
parotid duct
The Submandibular salivary gland is found just below the _ and is drained by the _ _
mandible
submandibular duct
T/F the 3 pair of salivary glands include the parotid, the submaximal, and the sublingual gland.
False,
SUBMANDIBUAR, not SUBMAXIMAL(old name)
The sublingual gland is found just below the _ and is drained by _ _ .
tongue
sublingual ducts
The pharynx is composed of _ muscle and functions in _.
skeletal
swallowing
The 3 parts of the pharynx include:
-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-laryngopharynx ( hypopharynx)
The esophagus is a muscular tube extending _ cm from the lower end of the pharynx (CV_) to the cardiac opening of the stomach (TV _) inferiorly.
25cm
CV6
TV11
The 3 regional parts of the esophagus include:
-cervical
-thoracic
-abdominal
The cervical part of the esophagus is found in the neck where it sits posterior to the _.
trachea
The thoracic part of the esophagus is found in the thorax and it lies posterior to the _ in the upper half and posterior to the _ in the lower half.
trachea
heart
The abdominal part of the esophagus pierces the diaphragm at the _ opening of the diaphragm and courses to the _, joining it via the _ junction.
esophageal
stomach
gastroesophageal junction
Arterial supply of the esophagus comes directly from the _ and _ branches (aorta).
esophageal and bronchial branches
Arterial supply of the esophagus comes superiorly from the _ _ (thyrocervical trunk, subclavian artery)
inferior thyroid
Arterial supply of the esophagus comes inferiorly from the esophageal branches of the _ _ artery (celiac trunk).
left gastric
The stomach is the digestive organ responsible for the _ of food.
storage
The 3 parts of the stomach are the:
-fundus
-body
-pyloric
The fundus is the part of the stomach _ the level of the entrance of the esophagus
above
The body of the stomach is found between the _ and the _ part.
fundus and pyloric part
The main mass of the stomach is comprised of the _ of the stomach.
Body
The pyloric part of the stomach extends towards the _ from the lower part of the body of the stomach.
Right
The pyloric part of the stomach ends at the _ opening which is between the stomach and first part of the duodenum and contains a circular smooth muscle called the pyloric _.
pyloric
sphincter
The stomach has 2 curvatures:
-greater
-lesser
T/F the greater curvature of the stomach is completely concave
False, completely convex
The greater curvature of the stomach courses over the _ and inferiorly on the _ side of the stomach to the inferior side of the _.
fundus
left
pylorus
Attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is the _ _.
greater omentum
The greater omentum is a _ tissue structure that is embedded in fat and found between the _ and _ _.
connective
stomach
transverse colon
The lesser curvature of the stomach is the margin found on the _ side of the stomach and its curve is _.
right
concave
The lesser curvature has the _ _ attached to it which is _ tissue with fat embedded which is found between the stomach and the _.
lesser sac
connective
liver
The 2 openings of the stomach are:
-cardiac opening
-pyloric opening
The cardiac opening of the stomach lies between the cavity of the _ and the cavity of the _ and is found at the _ junction of the greater and lesser curvatures.
esophagus
stomach
upper junction
The pyloric opening of the stomach lies between the _ and the 1st part of the _ and is surrounded by circular smooth muscle called the _ _.
stomach
duodenum
pyloric sphincter
The internal surface of the stomach contains folds called _.
rugae
The arterial supply of the stomach arises from the right and left _, _ _, and right and left _ arteries.
gastric
short gastric
gastroepiploic arteries
The small intestine is the part of the intestine between the _ _ and the _ _ and is about _m in length.
pyloric sphincter
ileocecal junction
7m
The diameter of the small intestine _ through its length.
decreases
The 3 parts of the small intestine are:
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum
The duodenum is the 1st part of the small intestine and extends from the _ _ to where it joins the _.
pyloric sphincter
jejunum
The duodenum is a _ shaped organ with its concave medial border receiving the openings of ducts draining the _, _ _, and _.
C
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
The 4 parts of the duodenum are:
-1st or superior
-2nd or descending
-3rd or horizontal
-4th or ascending
The 2nd part of the duodenum receives _ and _ _ from major and minor duodenal _.
bile
pancreatic juices
papillae
The 4th part of the duodenum courses upwards to the suspensory ligament of the duodenum called the _ _ of _.
Suspensory Ligament of Treitz
From the suspensory ligament of treitz, the 4th part of the duodenum leads to the _ _.
duodenOjejunal flexture
Arterial supply for the duodenum comes from the _ arteries which arise from the _ and _ _ arteries (SMA).
PancreatICOduodenal
Gastroduodenal
Superior Mesenteric
The jejunum is the proximal _ of the remainder of the small intestine
2/5
The jejunum’s arterial supply is from the jejunal branches of the _ _ artery.
superior mesenteric artery
The ileum is the distal _ of the remainder of the small intestine.
3/5
The ileum’s arterial supply comes from the _ branches that arise from both the _ _ artery and the _ artery.
Ileal
superior mesenteric artery
ileocolic artery
T/F The jejunoileal sphincter is a clear line of separation between the jejunum and ileum.
False, there is no line of demarcation between these 2 structures
The jejunum and ileum are highly coiled and are surrounded and suspended from the _ abdominal wall by connective tissue called the _ ( _ _)
posterior
mesentery
mesentery proper
The _ _ joins the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine.
Ileocecal Junction
The lumen of the ileum and lumen of the cecum have an _ opening that is protected by an _ _.
ileocecal opening
ileocecal valve
The large intestine extends from the _ _ to the _.
ileocecal junction
anus
The 6 parts of the large intestine are:
4 colons, 2 others (Very Apprehensive Creatures)
-cecum
-vermiform appendix
-ascending colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
The cecum lies _ and _ the the level of the entrance of the ileum.
at and below
The Vermiform Appendix is a _ organ attached to the _ end of the cecum, often in a retrocecal position.
lymphatic
inferior
The Ascending Colon of the large intestine extends _ along the _ side of the posterior abdominal wall to the liver.
superiorly
right
Immediately inferior to the liver, the ascending colon bends forming the right _ or _ _ and courses to the _ side of the body.
Right Colic
Hepatic Flexure
left
The Transverse Colon of the large intestine extends from the _ _ _ on the right side of the abdomen to the _ on the left side.
right colic flexure
spleen
When the transverse colon reaches the _ it bends inferiorly forming the left _ or _ _.
Spleen
Left Colic
Splenic Flexure
The descending colon of the large intestine extends from the _ _ _ inferiorly along the _ side of the posterior abdominal wall.
left colic flexure
Left
The sigmoid colon of the large intestine extends from the _ _ to the pelvis where it is continuous with the _.
descending colon
rectum
The _ colon forms a loop of which the shape and position depend on the _ of _.
sigmoid
degree of filling
Arteries supply 2 parts of the ileum, _ and _ to the splenic flexure
proximal and distal
The area proximal to the splenic flexure has arterial supply from the following 4 branches:
3 branches of SMA:
ileocolic artery
right colic artery
middle colic artery
1 branch of Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA):
left colic artery
The ileocolic artery supplies these structures:
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
The right colic artery supplies these structures:
ascending colon
transverse colon
The transverse colon is supplied by which 3 arteries?
-Right Colic Artery (SMA)
-Middle Colic Artery (SMA)
-Left Colic Artery (Inferior Mesenteric Artery)
The area distal to the splenic flexure has arterial supply from the following 3 branches of the _ _ artery:
Inferior Mesenteric Artery:
-Left Colic Artery (IMA)
-2-3 Sigmoid Arteries (IMA)
-Superior Rectal Artery (IMA)
The right and left paracolic gutters lie lateral to the _ and _ colons.
ascending
descending
The rectum of the large intestine is the area between the _ _ and the _.
sigmoid colon
anus
The rectum narrows _ forming the anal canal
inferiorly
The _ _ is the boundary between the external and internal environment at the anus.
anal verge
The _ _ is the boundary between the internal rectal mucosa and the external epithelium .
pectinate line (dentate line)
The _ _ (dentate line) marks the division between internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids below and the _ sensitivity below from the _ sensitivity above.
pectinate line
greater
lesser
The anus is the _ muscle found at the termination of the anal canal and functions with retention of feces.
Sphincter
Arterial supply to the rectum and anus include the _ _ artery (inferior mesenteric artery), the _ _ artery (internal iliac artery), and the _ _ artery (internal pudendal artery)
superior rectal (inferior mesenteric artery)
middle rectal (branch of internal iliac artery)
inferior rectal (branch of internal pudendal artery)
Branches of the aorta in the abdomen: (8 items)
-Inferior Phrenic Artery
-Celiac Trunk
-Superior Mesenteric Artery
-Suprarenal Artery
-Renal Arteries
-Gonadal Arteries
-Inferior Mesenteric Artery
-Common Iliac arteries
The celiac trunk emerges from the aorta immediately _ the aortic opening of the _.
below
diaphragm
The dense meshwork of nerves that are embedded in the celiac trunk are called the _ _.
celiac plexus
The celiac trunk gives rise to 3 vessels:
Left Gastric Artery
Splenic Artery
Common Hepatic Artery
The Left Gastric Artery is a branch of the _ _ that courses left along the _ curvature of the stomach, giving off several _ branches.
Celiac Trunk
lesser
esophageal branches
The Splenic Artery is a large branch of the _ _ that torturously courses along upper margin of the _ as it courses to the _.
celiac trunk
pancreas
spleen
The splenic artery gives off numerous branches that directly supply the body and tail of the _.
pancreas
The splenic artery gives off several _ _ arteries that supply the fundus of the stomach
short gastric
The splenic artery gives off the _ _ (gastro-omental) artery to the _ curvature of the stomach
Left Gastroepiploic
greater
Just before it ends, the _ artery gives off branches to the spleen.
Splenic Artery
The lymph nodes in the abdomen are names usually based on the _ _ or according to the _ _ they lie near.
specific organ
blood vessels
ex) hepatic nodes, inferior mesenteric nodes
The channel of lymph in the abdomen is from _ then along the _ toward the celiac nodes (1/3)
organs
vessels
The abdominal channel of lymph from the celiac nodes then drains into the _ _. (2/3)
Cisterna Chyli
The abdominal channel of lymph drains from the Cisterna Chyli _ to the _ _ . (3/3)
superiorly
Thoracic Duct
The largest gland in the body is the _ .
Liver
The liver is an _ gland that produces _ that is conveyed thru ducts to the _.
exocrine
bile
duodenum
The liver has 2 surfaces, its superior surface is the _ surface and the inferior surface is the _ surface.
diaphragmatic
visceral
The inferior (visceral) surface of the liver has 4 lobes:
left
right
quadrate
caudate
Where the 4 lobes of the liver meet is called the _ _ which contains structures that enter the liver.
Porta Hepatis
The Porta Hepatis allows the right and left hepatic _, the right and left hepatic _, and the _ vein into the liver.
Hepatic Arteries
Hepatic Ducts
Portal Vein
T/F The Hepatic veins exit at the Porta Hepatis.
False- they exit at the superior liver, not inferior
The hepatic arteries that supply the liver enter it via the _ _
Porta Hepatis
The blood entering the liver via the portal vein thru the Porta Hepatis is nutrient-_ and O2-_
nutrient-rich
O2-poor
The gall bladder is found on the _ surface of the liver between the _ lobe and _ lobe.
visceral
right
quadrate
T/F Bile is stored and concentrated in the liver.
False, gall bladder, not liver
Bile stored in the gall bladder is drained into the _ _.
Cystic Duct
The gall bladder’s arterial supply is from the _ artery.
Cystic Artery
T/F The pancreas is an exocrine gland
False, it is both an endocrine and exocrine gland
As an endocrine gland, the pancreas produces the hormone _.
insulin
As an exocrine gland, the pancreas produces _ _ that pass via a duct into the duodenum.
digestive enzymes
The 3 main anatomic parts of the pancreas are:
-Head
-Body
-Tail
The head of the pancreas is found in the _ of the _.
Concavity
Duodenum
The body of the pancreas courses from the head toward the _ across the _.
left
vertebrae
The tail of the pancreas is the _ end of the gland which approximates with the _.
left
spleen
The main portion of the pancreas drains its juices via the _ _ _ into the _ _ _
main pancreatic duct
major duodenal papilla
The smaller upper part of the pancreas drains its juices via the _ _of _ into the _ _ _.
Accessory Duct of Santorini
Minor Duodenal Papilla
The head of the pancreas’ arterial supply comes from the _ branches of the _artery and _ mesenteric artery.
PancreatICOduodenal
Gastroduodenal
Superior Mesenteric
The body and tail of the pancreas’ arterial supply comes from the _ artery.
Splenic Artery
The right and left halves of the liver are drained by the _ and _ _ ducts respectively and they combine to form the _ _ duct.
Right and Left Hepatic Ducts
Common Hepatic Duct
The gall bladder is drained by the _ duct.
Cystic Duct
The cystic duct and the common hepatic duct join to form the _ _ duct.
Common Bile Duct
The majority of the pancreas is drained by the _ _ duct and there is typically an _ _ duct present
Main Pancreatic Duct
Accessory Pancreatic Duct
The accessory pancreatic duct drains into the _ duodenal papilla which is _ to the major duodenal papilla.
Minor Duodenal Papilla
superior
The bile duct and the main pancreatic duct join and form the _ _ of _.
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater
The hepatopancreatic ampulla is surrounded by the _ of _ which opens into the duodenum at the _ duodenal papilla.
Sphincter of Oddi
Major Duodenal Papilla
The spleen acts like a large _ _ with extra functions. It is found in the _ _ quadrant of the abdomen.
lymph node
left upper quadrant
The spleen lies to the _ of the pancreatic tail, _ the diaphragm, and deep to the _ _ ribs.
left
under
left lower ribs
The _ artery supplies the spleen.
Splenic :)
