Ch 19 Larynx Flashcards
The _ is a cartilaginous organ found at the superior end of the trachea.
Larynx
3 main functions of the larynx:
-valve to guard air passages (mainly during swallowing)
-maintain open air passage
-vocalization
4 main types of cartilage making up the larynx:
-thyroid cartilage
-cricoid cartilage
-arytenoid cartilage
-epiglottic cartilage
The largest cartilage of the larynx is:
thyroid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage is made of 2 flat plates called _ that fuse _ and diverge _.
laminae, fuse anteriorly, diverge posteriorly
The anterior fused segment of the thyroid cartilage is called the _ _ .
laryngeal prominence
The laryngeal prominence is AKA
Adam’s Apple
The superior border of the thyroid cartilage forms the _ _ _ which is palpable
superior thyroid notch
The superior _ of the thyroid cartilage attaches via ligaments of the _ bone
horn, hyoid
The inferior _ of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the _ cartilage
horn, cricoid
The lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage is crossed by a/an _ _ to which the strap muscles attach
oblique line
The cricoid cartilage forms a _ _
complete ring
The posterior part of the cricoid cartilage is in the form of a _ _, the lamina.
flat plate
The anterior part of the cricoid cartilage is narrow, called the _ and is found at the level of _.
arch, CV6
The upper border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with the _ cartilages
arytenoid cartilages
The lower border of the cricoid cartilage is connected to the 1st ring of the _ via the _ ligament.
trachea, cricotracheal
The _ cartilages are a pair of cartilages found at the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.
Arytenoid
Each arytenoid cartilage is _ in shape and has an _ above and a _ below.
pyramidal, apex, base
The arytenoid cartilages of the larynx have 2 processes:
-vocal processes
-muscular processes
The vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages extend _ from the base and serves as attachment of the _ ligament.
forward, vocal ligament
The muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages extend _ from the base and serves as attachment of the muscles of the _.
laterally, larynx
The _ cartilage is leaf shaped and extends _ and _ from the thyroid cartilage
epiglottic, superiorly and posteriorly
The upper end of the epiglottic cartilage is _ and its lower end is _.
broad, narrow
The lower end of the epiglottic cartilage forms the _ AKA _ that attaches to the _ cartilage
stalk AKA petiolus, thyroid
The epiglottic cartilage functions by _ and _ the _ cavity during swallowing.
lifting and closing, laryngeal
2 smaller kinds of cartilage part of the larynx include:
-cuneiform cartilage
-corniculate cartilage
The corniculate cartilage of the larynx are set upon the apices of the _ cartilages.
arytenoid
The cuneiform cartilages are found within the fold of mucous membrane between the _ and _ cartilages and these folds are called the _ folds
arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages, aryepiglottic folds
The extrinsic muscles of the larynx include _ and _.
elevators and depressors
The extrinsic elevator muscles of the larynx include (4 items)
-thryohyoid
-stylohyoid
-mylohyoid
-digastric
The extrinsic depressor muscles of the larynx include (3 items )
-omohyoid
-sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
The intrinsic muscles of the larynx include (6 items):
Please Leave Crying Vocalists Alone, Thanks
-posterior cricoarytenoid
-lateral cricoarytenoid
-cricothyroid
-vocalis
-arytenoideus
-thyroarytenoid
The cricothyroid muscle extends from the _ of the cricoid cartilage to the _ of the thyroid cartilage and the _ horn of the thyroid cartilage
arch of cricoid, lamina of thyroid, inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle extends from the _ surface of the lamina of the cricoid to the _ _ of the arytenoid.
posterior, muscular process
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle courses from the _ of the cricoid to the _ _ of the arytenoid.
arch of cricoid, muscular process
The arytenoideus muscle of the larynx connects the _ surfaces of the 2 arytenoids.
posterior
The thyroarytenoid muscle extends from the _ surface of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage to the _ _ of the arytenoid.
medial, muscular process
The vocalis muscle courses from the _ surface of the _ cartilage posteriorly to the _ _of the arytenoid cartilage.
internal, thyroid cartilage, vocal process
The action of all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is _ of the vocal cords, except the _ _ which ABDUCTS the vocal cords
ADDUCTION, posterior cricoarytenoid
All intrinsic larynx muscles are innervated by the _ _ nerve EXCEPT the cricothyroid muscle which is supplied by the _ _ nerve.
recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve
The superior laryngeal nerve is a direct branch of the _nerve that divides into 2 branches and supplies the _.
vagus, larynx
The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve courses on the external surface of the larynx to innervate the _ _.
cricothyroid muscle
The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve pierces the membrane between the _ bone and thyroid and innervates the mucous membrane lining the larynx _ the vocal cords with sensory nerves.
hyoid, above
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a direct branch of the vagus nerve and begins in the _.
thorax
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the _ artery and the left loops around the _.
subclavian artery, aorta
Both sides of the recurrent laryngeal nerve ascend to the larynx in the groove between the _ and _.
esophagus and trachea
The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the mucous membrane _ the vocal folds as well as a majority of _ muscles of the larynx
below, intrinsic
Arterial supply for the larynx comes from 2 primary vessels:
-superior laryngeal artery
-inferior laryngeal artery
The superior laryngeal artery arises from the _ _ artery and the _ _ artery
superior thyroid artery and the external carotid artery
The inferior laryngeal artery arises from the _ _ artery which arises from the thyrocervical trunk which arises from the _ artery
inferior thyroid artery, subclavian artery
Cavity of larynx is divided in 3 parts:
-vestibule
-ventricle
-infraglottic cavity
Each cavity of the larynx is separated by 2 horizontal folds of mucous membrane: the _ _ fold and the _ _ fold
false vocal fold, true vocal fold
The vestibule of the larynx extends from the _ AKA inlet down to the _ _ vocal folds AKA vestibular folds
aditus AKA inlet, false vocal folds
The aditus AKA _ is the opening into the larynx from the _.
inlet, laryngopharynx
The aditus/inlet of the vestibule is bound anteriorly by the _ and on each side by the _ folds
epiglottis, arytepiglottic folds
Closure of the inlet/aditus of the epiglottis protects the _ _ against the invasion of food and foreign bodies
respiratory passages
The false vocal folds of the laryngeal vestibule extend from the _ cartilage in front to the _ cartilages behind
thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages
Each false vocal cord contains a ligament called the _ ligament
vestibular
The _ _ _ are not involved in voice production, hence their name
false vocal folds
Between each false vocal fold on each side in the larynx is called the _ _
rima vesibuli
True or false: The true and false vocal folds are adducted by different muscles
FALSE, the same
When the true and false vocal folds are adducted they _ the rima vestibuli
obliterate
When the _ _ of the larynx are obliterated they _ intrabdominal pressure during urination, defecation, or parturition
rima vestibuli, increase
The ventricle of Morgagni is the space located on either side of the larynx between the _ _ _ above and the _ _ _ below
false vocal folds, true vocal folds
The ventricle of the larynx’s action:
allowing free movement of the vocal folds
The true vocal folds bound the ventricle of the larynx _.
inferiorly
The true vocal folds are2 folds of mucous membrane that contain the _ muscle and the _ _
vocalis muscle, vocal ligament
The true vocal folds extend from the angle of the _ cartilage in front of the vocal processes of the _ cartilages behind
thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages
True or false: the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity is the rima vestibuli
FALSE, rima glottidis
-NOT rima vestibuli
The rima glottidis is the space found between the 2 _ _ folds
true vocal folds
The vocal folds control the stream of air passing through the _ _ and are important in _ _.
rima glottidis, voice production
The valleculae cavity of the pharynx contains 3 folds:
-median glossoepiglottic fold (1)
-lateral glossoepiglottic fold(2)
The median glossoepiglottic fold attaches the _ to the posterior _.
epiglottis to the posterior tongue
The 2 LATERAL glossoepiglottic folds attach the _ to the _
epiglottis to the pharynx
The depressions between the medial and lateral folds in the valleculae of the larynx are called the _ _
epiglottic valleculae
The epiglottic valleculae of the larynx collects saliva from the _ _.
posterior tongue
_ are important landmarks for intubation
valleculae
