Ch 29 Respiratory System Flashcards
The _ system of the body is concerned with gas transport and exchange.
respiratory
The 2 phases of the respiratory system are
Conductive Phase
Gas Exchange Phase
T/F The conductive phase of the respiratory system is concerned with the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and air sacs in the lungs
false, gas exchange phase
T/F The gas exchange phase is concerned with the movement of gases from the outer environment thru the respiratory tubes into the lungs
false, the conduction phase
The order air passes from the outer environment into the lungs thru different organs is (7 items):
Nasal Cavity (or Oral)
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
The _ is a cartilaginous and membranous tube from the larynx to the point where it bifurcates into 2 primary bronchi below.
trachea
The trachea is about _ cm long in vivo and air is conducted thru it during the process of _.
15cm
respiration
The trachea is composed of a series of _ to _ C shaped rings of _ cartilage, each almost encircling the lumen.
16-20
hyaline
The open ends of the incomplete cartilaginous tracheal rings are directed _ leaving a gap between the ends bridged by _ _ and _ _.
posteriorly
connective tissue
smooth muscle
The connective tissue bridge in between the open ends of tracheal rings is adjacent to the posteriorly related _.
esophagus
The tracheal bifurcation marks the end of the trachea and beginning of the 2 _ _.
primary bronchi
T/F the right primary bronchus is smaller in caliber but twice as long as the left primary bronchus.
false, the left is smaller but twice as long as the right
The _ primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and straighter than the _ primary bronchus
right
left
The right primary bronchus is about _cm long and forms a _ acute angle with the trachea than the left.
2.5cm
less
The right primary bronchus enters the lung at the _ of the right lung and divides into 3 _ _ , one for each lobe of the right lung.
hilus
secondary bronchi
Each of the 3 right secondary bronchi branch into several tertiary bronchi that supply a _ _.
bronchopulmonary segment
Bronchopulmonary segments are separated from each other by connective tissue _ that prevents diffusion of air from one into another.
septa
The left primary bronchus is _ cm long and forms a _ acute angle with the trachea than the right primary bronchus
5cm
more
Objects falling into the trachea are more likely to get lodged in the _ bronchus because it is more in line with the trachea than the _ bronchus.
right
left
The right lung has _ lobes and the left has _.
3
2
The left primary bronchus enters the left lung thru the _ and divides into 2 _ _, one for each lobe
hilus
secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi subdivide further into more bronchi and then into _.
bronchioles
_ are smaller than bronchi
bronchioles
Bronchioles are part of the _ of the lung and therefore do not need _ in their walls to prevent them from collapsing during inspiration unlike _.
substance
cartilages
bronchi
Terminal bronchioles divide into _ _ which are short tubes of connective tissue and smooth muscle.
respiratory bronchioles
A few _ bud off respiratory bronchioles, hence their name.
alveoli
Respiratory bronchioles branch into cone-like radiation into _ to _ alveolar ducts
2-11
Alveolar ducts are _ and _ - walled tubes of connective tissue and smooth muscle
long
thin-walled
Alveolar ducts contain both _ alveoli and _ _ .
single alveoli
alveolar sacs
At the alveolar level there is no more cartilage or smooth muscle, just a thin layer of _ and connective tissue
epithelium
The most conspicuous feature of the alveoli is the presence of numerous _ adjacent to them which are situated with their surface directed _ the the alveoli
capillaries
towards
The respiratory membrane (where gas exchange occurs) is composed of the _ and _ walls.
alveolar
capillary
Each lung has an _, a _, and _ surfaces.
apex
base
3
The apex of the lung is found on its _ end
superior
The costal surface of the lungs is adjacent to the _ wall.
thoracic
The 3 surfaces of the lung are:
costal
diaphragmatic
medial
The diaphragmatic surface (base) of the lung is adjacent to the upper surface of the diaphragm and is _ in shape
concave
The medial surface of the lung is adjacent to the _ and other thoracic organs and presents a locust, the _ where all structures that enter or exit the lung pass.
heart
hilus or hilum
The name given to the conglomerate of structures entering and exiting the lung is the _ of the _.
root of the lung
The 3 structures forming the root of the lung are:
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Veins
Primary Bronchus
The pulmonary artery is part of the pulmonary _ that brings _ blood to the lungs from the heart
trunk
deoxygenated
T/F The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood back to the left atrium
FALSE, they carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
T/F Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood back to the heart.
true
The primary bronchus is a branch of the _ and serves as a passageway for air.
trachea
The right lung has _ fissures, the _ and _ fissure.
2
transverse (horizontal)
oblique
The fissures of the right lung divide it into _ lobes, the _, _, and _ lobes
3
upper (superior)
middle
lower (inferior)
The left lung has one fissure called the _ fissure
oblique
The left lung’s oblique fissure divides the left lung into
a _ and _ lobe
upper (superior)
lower (inferior)
The left lung contains a _ and _ _
lingula
cardiac notch
T/F the right lung has 3 lobes which account for it possessing the lingula and cardiac notch.
False, the left lung contains those 2 structures
