Ch 31 Abdominal Wall Flashcards
The abdomen is the portion of the trunk between the thorax and _
pelvis
The abdomen consists of an outer _ and inner _ called the abdominal _.
wall
cavity x 2
The abdominal wall is subdivided into:
Anterolateral abdominal wall
Posterior Abdominal Wall
When describing regions of the abdominal wall there are 2 methods to describe locations one had _ planes and the other has _ planes.
9 and 4
The system of dividing the stomach into 9 planes has 2 horizontal and 2 vertical lines used as reference and they are:
Transpyloric Plane
Transtubercular Plane
The transplyloric plane of the abdominal wall is a horizontal plane halfway between the _ _ of the sternum and the _ _. It lies at level of _.
jugular notch
pubic symphysis
LV1
The transtubercular plane of the abdominal wall is a horizontal plane thru the tubercles of the _ _ and lies at the level of _.
iliac crests
LV5
The right and left mid-clavicular (lateral) planes of the abdominal wall are found _ to the clavicle
midpoint
The nine regions of the abdominal wall are:
Umbilical
Epigastric
Pubic (hypogastric)
Right and Left Hypochondriac areas
Right and Left Lateral (Lumbar) area
Right and left inguinal area
The umbilical region of the abdominal wall has _ referred pain
midgut
The epigastric area of the abdominal wall is the epigastric fossa just _ to the infrastrernal angle (foregut referred pain)
inferior
The pubic ( hypogastric) area of the abdominal wall is above the _ _ and has hindgut referred pain
pubic symphysis
The right and left hypochondriac areas of the abdominal wall are related to _ _
costal cartilages
The right and left lateral area of the abdominal wall is related to the _ region
lumbar
The right and left inguinal area of the abdominal wall is found on the 2 most _ planes
inferolateral
There is another system of dividing the abdominal wall instead of nine regions, into 4 quadrants called:
Upper right quadrant
Upper left quadrant
Lower right quadrant
Lower left quadrant
The upper right quadrant of the abdomen contains (5 items)
Liver
Gallbladder
Superior part of Ascending Colon
Right colic or hepatic flexure of colon
Right half of the transverse colon
The upper left quadrant of the abdomen contains (6 items)
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Left half of transverse colon
Left colic or splenic flexure of colon
Superior part of descending colon
The lower right quadrant of the abdomen contains (3 items)
Inferior part of the ascending colon
Cecum
Vermiform Appendix
The lower left quadrant of the abdomen contains (2 items)
Inferior part of descending colon
Sigmoid colon
The anterolateral abdominal wall is composed of the following: (4 items)
Skin
Subcutaneous Tissue
Muscles
Peritoneum
The skin of the abdomen is of _ thickness compared to other parts of the body.
average
During pregnancy _ _ are the reddish lines sometimes seen on the abdomen.
Striae Gravidarum
After parturition (giving birth) the striae gravidarum change into thin white scar-like lines on the abdomen called _ _
Lineae Albicante
The subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall exists in 2 layers:
Superficial Fatty Layer (Camper’s Fascia)
Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
External oblique origin:
lower 8 ribs (interdigitates with the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi)
External oblique insertion:
Iliac crest
Rectus sheath via aponeurosis
External oblique action:
Tenses abdominal wall
Aids in Rotation of trunk
Aids in lateral flexion of trunk
Important in forced expiration
External oblique innervation:
Thoracoabdominal nerves
Subcostal nerve
The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the _ ligament
inguinal
The fibers of the external oblique course _ and _
medially and inferiorly
Internal oblique origin:
Iliac crest
Internal oblique insertion:
costal margin (superiorly)
rectus sheath via aponeurosis (anteriorly)
pubic crest (inferiorly)
Internal oblique action:
Tenses abdominal wall
Aids in rotation of trunk
Aids in lateral flexion of trunk
Important in forced expiration
Internal oblique innervation:
Thoracoabdominal nerves
Subcostal nerve
L1
The internal oblique’s fibers fan out coursing _ and _ in the upper half and _ and _ in the lower half of the muscle
anteriorly and superiorly
transversely and inferiorly
Transversus Abdominis origin:
Iliac crest
Fascia of the back
Lower 6 costalcartilages
Transversus Abdominis insertion:
Rectus sheath via aponeurosis
Transversus Abdominis action:
Tenses abdominal wall
Aids in rotation of trunk
Aids in lateral flexion of trunk
Important in forced expiration
Transversus Abdominis innervation:
Thoracoabdominal nerves
Subcostal nerve
L1
Rectus Abdominis origin:
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Rectus Abdominis insertion:
Xiphoid Process
Costal Cartilages of ribs 5-7
Rectus Abdominis action:
flexion of trunk
Rectus Abdominis innervation
Thoracoabdominal nerves
Subcostal nerve
The direction of the fibers of the rectus abdominis muscle run _.
vertically
The 3-4 fibrous bands that pass transversely across the rectus abdominis and adhere to the rectus sheath are called _ _
tendinous intersections
The rectus sheath is a fibrous structure formed by the aponeurosis of (3 items):
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
3 anatomical lines are formed by the rectus sheath called:
Linea Alba
Linea Semilunaris
Arcuate Line
The linea alba of the rectus sheath is a median furrow from the _ _ to the pubis containing tough tendinous interlacing fibers of the _ on each side.
xiphoid process
aponeurosis
The linea semilunaris is a curved line at the lateral border of the _ _ and is formed where the _ of the internal oblique splits to form layers of the rectus sheath
rectus abdominis
aponeurosis
The arcuate line is a _ landmark change in the rectus sheath.
horizontal
The _ _ lines the inner wall of the abdomen.
Parietal Peritoneum
The main arteries of the abdominal wall are:
2 branches of the Internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) [superiorly]
2 branches of the External Iliac artery (inferiorly)
The 2 branches of the internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) in the abdominal wall are:
Superior Epigastric artery
Musculophrenic artery
The 2 branches of the external iliac artery in the abdominal wall are:
Inferior Epigastric artery
Deep Circumflex Iliac artery
2 _ channels of arteries are formed in the abdominal wall.
longitudinal
1 of the 2 longitudinal arterial channels in the abdominal wall form from the anastomoses of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries which represent an anastomoses between the _ artery (via the internal mammary artery) and the _ _ artery
subclavian artery
external iliac artery
1 of the 2 longitudinal arterial channels in the abdominal wall form from the anastomoses of the musculophrenic and deep circumflex iliac arteries which represent an anastomoses between the _ artery (via the internal mammary artery) and the _ _ artery
subclavian artery
external iliac artery
The muscles of the abdominal wall are segmentally innervated by the _ nerves and _ nerve.
thoracoabdominal nerves
subcostal nerve
The thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerve both give off _ and _ cutaneoues branches that supply the skin of the abdomen.
anterior
lateral
The posterior abdominal wall consists of these muscles (2 items)
Quadratus Lumborum
Psoas Major
