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Anatomy Dissection > Ch 26 Heart > Flashcards

Ch 26 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The _ system is concerned with the heart and blood vessels. (both names)

A

cardiovascular / circulatory

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2
Q

True or false: The heart is made up of nonstriated muscle

A

false, striated

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3
Q

True or False: The blood flow runs vertically in the heart due to the atria lying superior to the ventricles.

A

False, atria lie POSTERIOR to ventricles, causing blood to flow more HORIZONTALLY

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4
Q

True or false: The heart has four internal cavities called chambers and they include the right and left aorta and the right and left ventricles

A

FALSE! Atria, not Aorta

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5
Q

The bony structure sitting anteriorly protecting the heart is the _.

A

Sternum

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6
Q

The structures sitting laterally protecting the heart are the _. (3 items)

A

-ribs
-intercostal muscles
-lungs

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7
Q

The structures sitting posteriorly protecting the heart are the _ _.

A

thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

True or false: The heart is enclosed in tough connective tissue sac called the endocardium

A

False, PERIcardium

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9
Q

The type of connective tissue making up the pericardium is _.

A

fibroSEROUS

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10
Q

The outer layer of the pericardium blends _ with the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

inferiorly

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11
Q

The superior and posterior fibrous layers of the pericardium blend with the major blood vessels of the heart: _ _, _ and _ trunk

A

vena cava, aorta, and pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

The cardiac muscle itself is referred to a the _.

A

myocardium

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13
Q

The inner epithelial lining of the chambers of the heart is referred to as the _.

A

endocardium

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14
Q

The external heart has an apex, a base, and 3 surfaces which are:

A

-sternocostal surface
-diaphragmic surface
-pulmonary surface

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15
Q

The sternocostal surface of the external heart lies _ to the sternum and costal cartilages

A

adjacent

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16
Q

The diaphragmic surface of the external heart lies _ to the diaphragm

A

adjacent

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17
Q

The pulmonary surface of the external heart lies adjacent to the _ surface of the _ lung.

A

medial surface, left lung

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18
Q

True or false: The apex of the heart is a rounded projection that sits superiorly on heart pointing to left side

A

False, it is inferior part of heart on left side

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19
Q

The apex of the heart is found at the _ _ costal cartilage

A

LEFT 6th costal cartilage

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20
Q

The base of the heart is where the great vessels attach to the heart which include (3 things)

A

-aorta
-pulmonary trunk
-SVC

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21
Q

The appendages on each side of the atria of the external heart are called _ and help increase the capacity of the atria

A

auricles

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22
Q

The vertical muscular ridge found on the posterior wall internally in the right atrium is called the _ _.

A

Crista Terminalis

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23
Q

Ridge-like muscular extension coming from the crista terminalis are called _ _

A

Musculi Pectinati

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24
Q

True or False: Musculi Pectinati are found in both the R and L atrium and R and L auricles

A

False- only found in R atrium and both sides’ auricles

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25
Q

3 venous openings inside the R atrium include:

A

-Superior Vena CavAL opening
-Inferior Vena CavAL opening
-opening of the coronary sinus

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26
Q

The superior vena cavAL opening returns blood from the _ half of the body

A

upper

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27
Q

The inferior vena cavAL opening returns blood from the _ half of the body

A

lower

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28
Q

The _ vena cavAL opening has a nonfunctional valve called the valve of the _ vena cava.

A

INFERIOR, inferior

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29
Q

The opening of the coronary sinus leads to a chamber found on the _ surface of the heart

A

posterior

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30
Q

The coronary sinus receives veins that drain the heart itself and open into the R atrium just anterior and superior to the _ vena cava

A

inferior vena cava

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31
Q

The partition separating the R and L atrium is called the _ _

A

IntERatrial Septum

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32
Q

On the inTERatrial septum on the R atrial side there is a oval depression called the

A

Fossa Ovalis

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33
Q

The fossa ovalis was part of a _ in the fetal stage of development that existed between the R and L _.

A

foramen, R and L atrium

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34
Q

The _ _ in the heart closes at birth and becomes the fossa ovalis.

A

Foramen Ovalis

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35
Q

The R atrium opens to the R ventricle via the right _ opening which is guarded by the _ valve that shares the same name as well

A

Atrioventricular; Tricuspid Valve

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36
Q

The valve is a mechanical device that allows for unidirectional blood flow, the heart contains these 2 types of valves:

A

-Atrioventricular
-Semilunar

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37
Q

The atrioventricular valve contains 3 main parts:

A

-Cusps
-ChordAE TendinEAE
-Papillary Muscle

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38
Q

True or False: Cusps within the heart are flaps of cardiac muscle.

A

False, CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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39
Q

Chordae Tendineae are connective tissue cords that attach to the _ surface of the cusps in the heart.

A

LOWER surface

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40
Q

Papillary Muscles contain internal folds of _ muscle that give attachment to the _ _.

A

Ventricular Muscle; chordae tendineae

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41
Q

The 3 cusps in the Tricuspid valve are named based on _ _ and the papillary muscles supporting their chordae tendineae are named similarly.

A

anatomical position

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42
Q

The tricuspid valve _ during ventricular contractions

A

Closes

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43
Q

When closed, the _ valve prevents back flow into the R Atrium

A

Tricuspid

44
Q

The tricuspid valve is held shut by the _ _ which are attached to the _ surface of the cusps and not pulled back into the atrium.

A

Chordae Tendineae
Lower

45
Q

The irregular ridge like projections inside ventricles are a muscle called _ _.

A

Trabeculae Carneae

46
Q

T/F papillary muscles are a type of septomarginal trabecula

A

False, trabeculae carneae-papillary muscles

47
Q

The moderator band in the heart muscle is also called the

A

Septomarginal Trabecula

48
Q

The moderator band or septomarginal trabecula is a type of _ _ muscle

A

Trabeculae Carneae

49
Q

The moderator band in the R vent attaches to the _ _ (wall dividing R and L vent) and the _ papillary muscle

A

Interventricular septum
Anterior

50
Q

The moderator band in the R vent contains the right branch of the _ _ which is part of the conduction system of the heart

A

atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)

51
Q

T/F there are 3 openings in the R ventricle: the right AV openings, the pulmonary trunk opening, and the fossa ovalis

A

FALSE, only 2 openings.
-from R atrium via atrioventricular opening (tricuspid valve)
-to the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary semilunar valve)

52
Q

The _ _ valve is where blood moves from the R vent to the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar

53
Q

T/F All valves possess papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

A

False, semilunar valves do not

54
Q

T/F The only 2 valves that possess papillary muscles and chordae tendineae are the Pulmonic and the Mitral Valves.

A

False, Tricuspid Valve and the Mitral Valve
-only AV valves have these

55
Q

_ valves have 3 pocket like flaps(cusps) that surround the openings between chambers of the heart and no chordae tendineae or papillary muscles

A

Semilunar

56
Q

The _ of a cusp is the free edge that has thickened fibrous tissue which fills the gap left when semilunar valves close.

A

nodule

57
Q

The _ is a narrow thin lip that comes off each side of a _ on a semilunar valve’s cusp.

A

lunula
nodule

PIZZA SLICE

58
Q

The spaces between cusps and the walls of the vessels they open to are called _.

A

sinuses

59
Q

Between 3 cusps in the pulmonary semilunar valve there are 3 sinuses in the _ _.(which vessel?)

A

pulmonary trunk
-sinuses are in the vessel AFTER the valve

60
Q

When flow of blood is from right vent into pulmonary trunk, the valve _ and if it flows retrograde the valve _.

A

opens, closes

61
Q

T/F Blood flows thru the pulmonary trunk via the R and L pulmonary veins into the lungs.

A

False, pulmonary arteries go INTO lungs,
pulmonary veins LEAVE lungs

62
Q

Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the _ _ via _ pulmonary veins, _ coming from each side.

A

Left Atrium
4 pulm veins
2 from each side

63
Q

T/F The left atrium has its musculi pectinati only in the left auricle.

A

True

64
Q

How many openings are in the L Atrium?

A

5
4 openings for pulm veins and 1 opening into L Vent

65
Q

How many openings are in the R Atrium?

A

4
1 from SVC, 1 from IVC, 1 from cardiac sinus, and 1 opening into R vent

66
Q

How many openings are in the L Ventricle?

A

2
1 opening from L atrium and 1 opening into the Aorta

67
Q

How many openings are in the R Ventricle?

A

2
1 opening from R atrium and 1 opening into the Pulmonary Trunk

68
Q

T/F The heart possesses 2 semilunar and 2 tricuspid valves

A

False:
2 semilunar and 1 tricuspid and 1 bicuspid

69
Q

The left atrioventricular opening is guarded by the atrioventricular valve which is also called the _ or _ valve.

A

Bicuspid or Mitral

70
Q

T/F The wall thickness of the R vent is more than the left’s.

A

False, L vent wall is thicker

71
Q

When the L vent contracts, blood enters the _ via the _ _ valve

A

Aorta, aortic semilunar

72
Q

T/F : In the heart there are 4 valves. 2 valves possess 2 cusps and 2 valves possess 3 cusps.

A

False, 3 valves have 3 cusps and 1 valve has 2 (Mitral Valve).

73
Q

The aortic semilunar valve has 3 cusps and has _ and _ just like the pulmonary semilunar valve.

A

nodules and lunulae

74
Q

Just like the pulmonary semilunar valve, the aortic semilunar valve has _ behind the cusps attached to the aorta.

A

sinuses

75
Q

The R and L coronary arteries originate from which sinuses?

A

R and L Aortic Sinuses

76
Q

The two remnants of fetal circulation of the heart include:

A

-fossa ovalis
-ligamentum arteriosum

77
Q

The ligamentum arteriosum is a cord-like band connecting the _ _ and the _ _.

A

pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

78
Q

The part of the heart referred to as the pacemaker is the _ _.

A

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

79
Q

3 main muscle fibers of the heart’s conduction system:

A

-Sinoatrial Node (SA node)
-Atrioventricular Node (AV node)
-Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)

80
Q

The sinoatrial node is found where the _ _ _ and the _ _ join.

A

superior vena cava and R atrium

81
Q

Both atria contract due to an impulse from:

A

sinoatrial node

82
Q

T/F The Atrioventricular node is found inside the R ventricle.

A

False- found in the upper part of the interventricular septum

83
Q

The atrioventricular node receives the impulse from the sinoatrial node, holds it for a moment while _ contract, then sends it to the _ _.

A

atria
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)

84
Q

T/F The Atrioventricular node divides into a R and L branch

A

false, the Atrioventricular BUNDLE branches divide into L and R branches

85
Q

The right bundle branch courses thru the _ _ (moderator band) to the wall of the _ _.

A

septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
right ventricle

86
Q

T/F The left bundle branch courses thru the septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) to the wall of the left ventricle.

A

False, it goes straight to the L vent without going thru anything else.
-RBB goes thru moderator band then the R vent

87
Q

The _ _ is responsible for causing the ventricles to contract.

A

atrioventricular bundle

88
Q

The right coronary artery arises from the right _ sinus

A

aortic

89
Q

The right coronary artery emerges from the aortic sinus between the _ _ and the _ _.

A

pulmonary trunk
right auricle

90
Q

The right coronary artery courses _ along the heart giving off a _ _ then coursing to the _ of the heart,

A

inferiorly
marginal branch
back of heart

91
Q

The right coronary artery gives off a branch called the _ _ artery which courses to the _ of the heart

A

posterior interventricular artery (PDA in pic)
apex

92
Q

The right coronary artery ends by anastomosing with a branch of the _ _ _.

A

left coronary artery

93
Q

The left coronary artery arises from the left _ sinus

A

aortic

94
Q

The left coronary artery courses between the _ _ and the _ _.

A

left auricle
pulmonary trunk

95
Q

After coming thru the auricle and pulmonary trunk, the left coronary artery divides into the _ _ _ and the _ _.

A

anterior interventricular artery or left anterior descending artery (LAD)
circumflex branch

96
Q

The anterior interventricular artery (LAD) courses towards the _ of the heart and ends anastomosing with the _ _ artery.

A

apex
posterior interventricular artery (PDA in pic)

97
Q

The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery courses around the heart and anastomoses with the _ _ _.

A

right coronary artery

98
Q

The veins draining the heart are called _ _ and drain into the _ _.

A

cardiac veins
coronary sinus

99
Q

3 major cardiac veins:

A

-Great Cardiac Vein
-Middle Cardiac Vein
-Small Cardiac Vein

100
Q

The _ _ is a short , wide vessel that receives all 3 cardiac veins and empties int o the _ _.

A

Coronary Sinus
Right Atrium

101
Q

The great cardiac vein courses with the _ _ artery and the _ _ continuing to the back of the heart as the coronary sinus.

A

anterior interventricular artery
circumflex branch

102
Q

The middle cardiac vein courses with the _ _ artery and ends in the coronary sinus

A

posterior interventricular artery

103
Q

The small cardiac vein courses with the _ artery and ends in the coronary sinus

A

marginal artery

104
Q

2-3 small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium are known as the _ _ _.

A

Anterior Cardiac Veins

105
Q

A group of numerous small veins draining the myocardium itself empty into all 4 chambers are known as _ _ _.

A

Venae Cordis Minimae

Anatomy Dissection (39 decks)

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