Ch 26 Heart Flashcards
The _ system is concerned with the heart and blood vessels. (both names)
cardiovascular / circulatory
True or false: The heart is made up of nonstriated muscle
false, striated
True or False: The blood flow runs vertically in the heart due to the atria lying superior to the ventricles.
False, atria lie POSTERIOR to ventricles, causing blood to flow more HORIZONTALLY
True or false: The heart has four internal cavities called chambers and they include the right and left aorta and the right and left ventricles
FALSE! Atria, not Aorta
The bony structure sitting anteriorly protecting the heart is the _.
Sternum
The structures sitting laterally protecting the heart are the _. (3 items)
-ribs
-intercostal muscles
-lungs
The structures sitting posteriorly protecting the heart are the _ _.
thoracic vertebrae
True or false: The heart is enclosed in tough connective tissue sac called the endocardium
False, PERIcardium
The type of connective tissue making up the pericardium is _.
fibroSEROUS
The outer layer of the pericardium blends _ with the central tendon of the diaphragm
inferiorly
The superior and posterior fibrous layers of the pericardium blend with the major blood vessels of the heart: _ _, _ and _ trunk
vena cava, aorta, and pulmonary trunk
The cardiac muscle itself is referred to a the _.
myocardium
The inner epithelial lining of the chambers of the heart is referred to as the _.
endocardium
The external heart has an apex, a base, and 3 surfaces which are:
-sternocostal surface
-diaphragmic surface
-pulmonary surface
The sternocostal surface of the external heart lies _ to the sternum and costal cartilages
adjacent
The diaphragmic surface of the external heart lies _ to the diaphragm
adjacent
The pulmonary surface of the external heart lies adjacent to the _ surface of the _ lung.
medial surface, left lung
True or false: The apex of the heart is a rounded projection that sits superiorly on heart pointing to left side
False, it is inferior part of heart on left side
The apex of the heart is found at the _ _ costal cartilage
LEFT 6th costal cartilage
The base of the heart is where the great vessels attach to the heart which include (3 things)
-aorta
-pulmonary trunk
-SVC
The appendages on each side of the atria of the external heart are called _ and help increase the capacity of the atria
auricles
The vertical muscular ridge found on the posterior wall internally in the right atrium is called the _ _.
Crista Terminalis
Ridge-like muscular extension coming from the crista terminalis are called _ _
Musculi Pectinati
True or False: Musculi Pectinati are found in both the R and L atrium and R and L auricles
False- only found in R atrium and both sides’ auricles
3 venous openings inside the R atrium include:
-Superior Vena CavAL opening
-Inferior Vena CavAL opening
-opening of the coronary sinus
The superior vena cavAL opening returns blood from the _ half of the body
upper
The inferior vena cavAL opening returns blood from the _ half of the body
lower
The _ vena cavAL opening has a nonfunctional valve called the valve of the _ vena cava.
INFERIOR, inferior
The opening of the coronary sinus leads to a chamber found on the _ surface of the heart
posterior
The coronary sinus receives veins that drain the heart itself and open into the R atrium just anterior and superior to the _ vena cava
inferior vena cava
The partition separating the R and L atrium is called the _ _
IntERatrial Septum
On the inTERatrial septum on the R atrial side there is a oval depression called the
Fossa Ovalis
The fossa ovalis was part of a _ in the fetal stage of development that existed between the R and L _.
foramen, R and L atrium
The _ _ in the heart closes at birth and becomes the fossa ovalis.
Foramen Ovalis
The R atrium opens to the R ventricle via the right _ opening which is guarded by the _ valve that shares the same name as well
Atrioventricular; Tricuspid Valve
The valve is a mechanical device that allows for unidirectional blood flow, the heart contains these 2 types of valves:
-Atrioventricular
-Semilunar
The atrioventricular valve contains 3 main parts:
-Cusps
-ChordAE TendinEAE
-Papillary Muscle
True or False: Cusps within the heart are flaps of cardiac muscle.
False, CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Chordae Tendineae are connective tissue cords that attach to the _ surface of the cusps in the heart.
LOWER surface
Papillary Muscles contain internal folds of _ muscle that give attachment to the _ _.
Ventricular Muscle; chordae tendineae
The 3 cusps in the Tricuspid valve are named based on _ _ and the papillary muscles supporting their chordae tendineae are named similarly.
anatomical position
The tricuspid valve _ during ventricular contractions
Closes
When closed, the _ valve prevents back flow into the R Atrium
Tricuspid
The tricuspid valve is held shut by the _ _ which are attached to the _ surface of the cusps and not pulled back into the atrium.
Chordae Tendineae
Lower
The irregular ridge like projections inside ventricles are a muscle called _ _.
Trabeculae Carneae
T/F papillary muscles are a type of septomarginal trabecula
False, trabeculae carneae-papillary muscles
The moderator band in the heart muscle is also called the
Septomarginal Trabecula
The moderator band or septomarginal trabecula is a type of _ _ muscle
Trabeculae Carneae
The moderator band in the R vent attaches to the _ _ (wall dividing R and L vent) and the _ papillary muscle
Interventricular septum
Anterior
The moderator band in the R vent contains the right branch of the _ _ which is part of the conduction system of the heart
atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)
T/F there are 3 openings in the R ventricle: the right AV openings, the pulmonary trunk opening, and the fossa ovalis
FALSE, only 2 openings.
-from R atrium via atrioventricular opening (tricuspid valve)
-to the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary semilunar valve)
The _ _ valve is where blood moves from the R vent to the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar
T/F All valves possess papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
False, semilunar valves do not
T/F The only 2 valves that possess papillary muscles and chordae tendineae are the Pulmonic and the Mitral Valves.
False, Tricuspid Valve and the Mitral Valve
-only AV valves have these
_ valves have 3 pocket like flaps(cusps) that surround the openings between chambers of the heart and no chordae tendineae or papillary muscles
Semilunar
The _ of a cusp is the free edge that has thickened fibrous tissue which fills the gap left when semilunar valves close.
nodule
The _ is a narrow thin lip that comes off each side of a _ on a semilunar valve’s cusp.
lunula
nodule
PIZZA SLICE
The spaces between cusps and the walls of the vessels they open to are called _.
sinuses
Between 3 cusps in the pulmonary semilunar valve there are 3 sinuses in the _ _.(which vessel?)
pulmonary trunk
-sinuses are in the vessel AFTER the valve
When flow of blood is from right vent into pulmonary trunk, the valve _ and if it flows retrograde the valve _.
opens, closes
T/F Blood flows thru the pulmonary trunk via the R and L pulmonary veins into the lungs.
False, pulmonary arteries go INTO lungs,
pulmonary veins LEAVE lungs
Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the _ _ via _ pulmonary veins, _ coming from each side.
Left Atrium
4 pulm veins
2 from each side
T/F The left atrium has its musculi pectinati only in the left auricle.
True
How many openings are in the L Atrium?
5
4 openings for pulm veins and 1 opening into L Vent
How many openings are in the R Atrium?
4
1 from SVC, 1 from IVC, 1 from cardiac sinus, and 1 opening into R vent
How many openings are in the L Ventricle?
2
1 opening from L atrium and 1 opening into the Aorta
How many openings are in the R Ventricle?
2
1 opening from R atrium and 1 opening into the Pulmonary Trunk
T/F The heart possesses 2 semilunar and 2 tricuspid valves
False:
2 semilunar and 1 tricuspid and 1 bicuspid
The left atrioventricular opening is guarded by the atrioventricular valve which is also called the _ or _ valve.
Bicuspid or Mitral
T/F The wall thickness of the R vent is more than the left’s.
False, L vent wall is thicker
When the L vent contracts, blood enters the _ via the _ _ valve
Aorta, aortic semilunar
T/F : In the heart there are 4 valves. 2 valves possess 2 cusps and 2 valves possess 3 cusps.
False, 3 valves have 3 cusps and 1 valve has 2 (Mitral Valve).
The aortic semilunar valve has 3 cusps and has _ and _ just like the pulmonary semilunar valve.
nodules and lunulae
Just like the pulmonary semilunar valve, the aortic semilunar valve has _ behind the cusps attached to the aorta.
sinuses
The R and L coronary arteries originate from which sinuses?
R and L Aortic Sinuses
The two remnants of fetal circulation of the heart include:
-fossa ovalis
-ligamentum arteriosum
The ligamentum arteriosum is a cord-like band connecting the _ _ and the _ _.
pulmonary trunk and aortic arch
The part of the heart referred to as the pacemaker is the _ _.
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
3 main muscle fibers of the heart’s conduction system:
-Sinoatrial Node (SA node)
-Atrioventricular Node (AV node)
-Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
The sinoatrial node is found where the _ _ _ and the _ _ join.
superior vena cava and R atrium
Both atria contract due to an impulse from:
sinoatrial node
T/F The Atrioventricular node is found inside the R ventricle.
False- found in the upper part of the interventricular septum
The atrioventricular node receives the impulse from the sinoatrial node, holds it for a moment while _ contract, then sends it to the _ _.
atria
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
T/F The Atrioventricular node divides into a R and L branch
false, the Atrioventricular BUNDLE branches divide into L and R branches
The right bundle branch courses thru the _ _ (moderator band) to the wall of the _ _.
septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
right ventricle
T/F The left bundle branch courses thru the septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) to the wall of the left ventricle.
False, it goes straight to the L vent without going thru anything else.
-RBB goes thru moderator band then the R vent
The _ _ is responsible for causing the ventricles to contract.
atrioventricular bundle
The right coronary artery arises from the right _ sinus
aortic
The right coronary artery emerges from the aortic sinus between the _ _ and the _ _.
pulmonary trunk
right auricle
The right coronary artery courses _ along the heart giving off a _ _ then coursing to the _ of the heart,
inferiorly
marginal branch
back of heart
The right coronary artery gives off a branch called the _ _ artery which courses to the _ of the heart
posterior interventricular artery (PDA in pic)
apex
The right coronary artery ends by anastomosing with a branch of the _ _ _.
left coronary artery
The left coronary artery arises from the left _ sinus
aortic
The left coronary artery courses between the _ _ and the _ _.
left auricle
pulmonary trunk
After coming thru the auricle and pulmonary trunk, the left coronary artery divides into the _ _ _ and the _ _.
anterior interventricular artery or left anterior descending artery (LAD)
circumflex branch
The anterior interventricular artery (LAD) courses towards the _ of the heart and ends anastomosing with the _ _ artery.
apex
posterior interventricular artery (PDA in pic)
The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery courses around the heart and anastomoses with the _ _ _.
right coronary artery
The veins draining the heart are called _ _ and drain into the _ _.
cardiac veins
coronary sinus
3 major cardiac veins:
-Great Cardiac Vein
-Middle Cardiac Vein
-Small Cardiac Vein
The _ _ is a short , wide vessel that receives all 3 cardiac veins and empties int o the _ _.
Coronary Sinus
Right Atrium
The great cardiac vein courses with the _ _ artery and the _ _ continuing to the back of the heart as the coronary sinus.
anterior interventricular artery
circumflex branch
The middle cardiac vein courses with the _ _ artery and ends in the coronary sinus
posterior interventricular artery
The small cardiac vein courses with the _ artery and ends in the coronary sinus
marginal artery
2-3 small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium are known as the _ _ _.
Anterior Cardiac Veins
A group of numerous small veins draining the myocardium itself empty into all 4 chambers are known as _ _ _.
Venae Cordis Minimae
