Deck 80 Flashcards
NOTE:STRATEGY - The general plan or course of action decided upon by the IC in order to achieve firefighting objectives.TACTICS - The operations or actions required to carry out the strategy selected by the IC- Most fire operations employ an offensive strategy which emphasizes the rapid stretching of hoselines for an aggressive interior attack on the seat of the fire.4.1.2
MORE NOTES:- A defensive strategy may be employed, initially, at large or expanding fire operations where protection of exposures or containment of the fire is critical. Emphasis is placed on developing large water flows. Tactics compatible with these conditions might include positioning the apparatus for use of a LCS, such as the deck pipe, stretching a 2 1/2 inch hoseline for exposure protection or dropping 3 1/2 inch hose to supply an incoming Tower Ladder.
An accurate and complete size-up must include consideration of the following strategic factors. They are:?
COAL WAS WEALTHC- CONSTRUCTIONO- OCCUPANCYA- AREAL- LIFEW-WEATHERA- AUXILIARY APPLIANCESS- STREET CONDITIONSW- WATER SUPPLYE- EXPOSURESA- APPARATUS AND EQUIPL- LOCATION AND EXTENT OF FIRET- TIMEH-HEIGHT4.1.4 GS
immediate rescue attempts by the first arriving engine company without simultaneously stretching and positioning a hoseline should be attempted only in extreme situations.- Factors impacting on the decision to attempt an immediate rescue include:?
-The provisions of Firefighting Procedures, Volume 4, Book 1, Chapter 1 titled Safety Team are complied with.- Occupants endangered by being in the immediate vicinity of the fire.- Number of persons trapped.- Occupants threatening to jump.- Means of egress cutoff by fire.- Ability to reach occupants with portable ladders.- Anticipated arrival time of the first due ladder company.- Staffing level of the engine company–four or five firefighters.TEN CAPTST- TWO IN TWO OUTE- ENDANGERED OCCUPANTSN- NUMBER UNITS RESPONDINGC- CUT OFF BY FIREA- ARRIVAIL TIME FIRST DUE LADDERP- PORTABLE LADDERS REACH OCCUPANTT- THREATENING JUMPS- STAFFING LEVEL4.2.2 GS
Actions that the officer of the first arriving engine company can implement to protect endangered occupants include?
Position a hoseline between the fire and the endangered occupants. Ventilate to draw fire, heat, and smoke away from the endangeredoccupants. Give verbal instructions and assurances to the occupants. Close doors to limit the spread of smoke. Ensure that incoming units are informed of the location of endangered occupants.SLAVES- STRECH HL BET FIRE AND OCCUPANTSL- LIMITSPREAD SMOKE CLOSE DOORA- ASSURANCE TO OCCUPANTS VERBALV-VENTILATE DRAW HEAT ,FIRE ,SMOKEE-ENSURE INCOMING UNITS INFORMED OCCUPANTS4.2.3 GS
WHAT ARE THREE STAGES OF FIRE SUPPRESSION?
L- LOCATING THE FIRE 1ST STAGE-Before any fire attack can be initiated, the exact location of the fire must bedetermined. When the exact location of the fire has been determined it must be conveyed to the other units operating on the scene. The most direct route to the fire area must be relayed to the members stretching the initial hoseline.CC- CONFINING/CONTROLLING THE FIRE -Confining and controlling a fire is the second stage of the fire suppression effort and includes those actions taken to prevent the fire from extending beyond the area already involved. This is generally the immediate concern, and fulfills the role of placing a hoseline between the fire and the majority of the building occupants.4.4.2 Confinement of the fire must take into consideration the intensity of the fire as well as the known or anticipated direction of fire spread. Be aware that the fire may be extending via pipe recess, voids, concealed spaces, etc.E-EXTINGUISHING THE FIRE - 3rd stage-Initial extinguishment includes “knock down” of visible flames and readily apparent burning and smoldering material debris. Final extinguishment means that any fire uncovered by “opening up” and overhauling procedures has been extinguished.4.3 4.4, 4.5 GS
Growth Stage (incipient)During the growth stage a fire increases in size from small flames to full fire that involves the entire room. It may take several seconds to several hours for this tooccur. Fire Growth is dependent on What?one following is incorrect?A-Combustible content (fuel load).B- Construction type.C- Oxygen supply (ventilation openings).D- Size of room.E- Insulation of room.
B incorrectNOTE: Rollover should serve as a warning that the fire area may flashover. As the fire progresses through the growth stage and into the fully developed stage the potential for flashover exists. Flashover is defined as the sudden involvement of a room or area in flames from floor to ceiling caused by thermal radiation feedback.4.6.2 GS
Explain Fully Developed Stage (free-burning)?
In the fully developed stage the entire room and contents are involved in fire. If no efforts were made to extinguish the fire, the fire would continue to burn until the available fuel and/or oxygen in the room or area was consumed. Because of limited ventilation, most structure fires are air regulated, not fuel regulated. This means that fires will move into the decay stage due to insufficient oxygen. Outside fires are fuel regulated. How long and to what extent an outside fire burns is controlled by the amount of fuel available, not oxygen. 4.6.3 GS
As available oxygen is consumed, the fire moves into the decay stage. Although some oxygen remains in the fire area, visible flames have started to diminish, and the fire continues to smolder. High heat and smoke conditions remain and the potential for a backdraft is present. A backdraft is a smoke explosion which can occur when additional oxygen is introduced into a smoldering fire and the heated gases enter their flammable range and ignite with explosive force.-Of the following which is not a warning sign of possible backdraft?only one incorrect:A-Heavy dense smoke with visible flame in a tightly closed occupancy.B- Black smoke pushing out around closed doors or window frames.C- Glass stained with smoke condensation and pulsating from the pressure of the fire.D- Reversal of air movement pulling smoke back into a building through a doorway.
A- no visible flame4.6.4 GS
