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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 27: Genito Urinary Tract Infections > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Genito Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Urine PH is

A

4.5 or lower

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2
Q

In females what is a common site of STDs

A

Cervix

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3
Q

Bladder and above. Describe normal flora

A

Sterile No flora

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4
Q

In the vagina Lactobacillus converts Glycogen to Lactic acid for which purpose

A

To inhibit pathogens

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5
Q

Which age group is more susceptible to S. Pyrogenes and N. gonorrhea

Pre or Post Puberty based on bodies ability to fight infections

A

Pre puberty

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6
Q

Limiting flow of urine (increases/ decreases) chance of an infection

A

Increases

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7
Q

What is the most common urinary tract infection

A

Bacterial Cystitis

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8
Q

With bacterial Cystitis which population may be Asymptomatic

A

Children & Elderly

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9
Q

These enterobacteria (2) account of 80% of Bladder infections

A

E coli 70% & Klebsiella 5-10%

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10
Q

These non enterobacteria account for 5 - 10% of Bladder infections

A

Staphylococcus saprohyticus

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11
Q

Serratia marcesens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter faecalis

May cause…

A

Hospitalized patients may get a Bladder infection from one of these 3 sources

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12
Q

Why are men 50+ at risk for urinary infections

A

Enlarged Prostate decreases urine flow

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13
Q

Which has a longer course for Antibiotics
Bladder or Kidney infection

A

Kidney

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14
Q

Leptospirosa interogens causes

Which is its morphology

A

This Bacterial infection of the Bladder is caused by rodents

Spirochete

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15
Q

Puerperal fever (gangrene of uterus) is from which action

Which bacterial

A

Child birth

Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

A white discharge and Fishy smell is associated with this female disease

No inflammation
7x increase for PreMature birth

No specific organisms associated
Lactobacillus Decreases
Some Anaerobic organisms Increase
Garderella Vaginalis Increase

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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17
Q

Bacterial vaginosis causes what kind of PH change

A

Increases it above 4.5

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18
Q

In the vagina these cells ______change to this fuzzy look when they are coated with bacteria. If seen, it means bacterial vaginosis is present.

A

Clue

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19
Q

This type of vagina problem Follows antibacterial therapy which disrupt the normal flora

A

Valvo vaginal Candidiasis Yeast infection

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20
Q

Does Candidiasis Yeast infection have any external symptoms

A

Yes, Red & Swollen

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21
Q

Toxic shock associated with tampons is from this bacteria ____

An exotoxin is released as a ______

A

Staphylococcus aurus

Super antigen

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22
Q

The symptoms of this STD are milder in women. In men it includes Painful urination and pus discharge

Gram negative diplococci
Grown on chocolate agar

Name disease & bacterial cause

A

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhea

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23
Q

Which bacteria produces OPA protein that attaches to T lymphocytes interference with immune response

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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24
Q

After gonorrhea does one produce immunity to it

A

Nope

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25
Q

This diseases pathogenesis “Elemental Body” attaches to host cell. Once Inside lysosome becomes “Reticulate Body” which dived to become infectious “Elemental Bodies”

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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26
Q

Ball shapped obligate intracellular bacteria, whose inclusion bodies infect cells is this bacteria

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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27
Q

Lmyphogranuloma Venereum is caused by

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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28
Q

3 stages for this disease

  1. Chancre inside vagina or anus, lymph nodes enlarged
  2. Runny nose, aches, rash on palms and soles of feet
  3. Mental illness or blindness
A

Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

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29
Q

Treponema pallidum
Spirochete

Causes

A

Syphilis

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30
Q

Congenital Syphilis treatment must be done before the ___ month

A

4th

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31
Q

Is it possible to get syphilis from kissing

A

Yes, during the 2nd stage of the infection

32
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi causes this disease

A

Chancroid / soft genital sores

Lymph nodes in groin enlarge

33
Q

This bacteria requires Hematin (X-factor) as a growth factor from blood

A

Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid

34
Q

Which Herpes Symplex Virus causes more sever infections in the genital region

A

II

35
Q

HPV: Cervical Cancer
(Non-watery / watery) lesions of cervix can develop into cancer

A

Non-watery

36
Q

Do genital warts lead to Cervical Cancer

A

Nope

37
Q

____ types of HPV infections last longer and cause “Precancerous Lesions”

A

Oncogenic

38
Q

Single exposure 60% infection rate
46% of sexual active university women have it

A

HPV

39
Q

The Gardisil Vaccine is for

A

HPV

40
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus I causes

A

AIDS

41
Q

Viral protease & Viral reverse transcriptase (2 types) are used against this virus

A

HIV

42
Q

Trichomoniasis is this type of STD

A

Protozoan

43
Q

HIV I is more common in…

HIV II is more common in…

(Geographic area)

A

I most aids cSes

II West Africa

44
Q

RNA Retrovirus: uses its RNA to make a complementary _____ strand

A

DNA

45
Q

HIV has 3 enzymes

Reverse transcriptase: makes DNA from RNA

Intergrase: _____

HIV protease: Seperates HIV polyprotein produced into individual Functional pieces

A

Intergrase: inserts DNA strand into our own DNA

46
Q

Entry inhibition
Reverse transcriptase inhibition
Integrase enzyme inhibition
Protease inhibition

Are a combination of drugs against HIV called

A

Cocktail treatment

47
Q

____ inhibits anaerobic bacteria

A

Hydrogen peroxide

48
Q

Pre puberty girls are more susceptible to (2)

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Neisseria gonorrhea

49
Q

Pyelonephritis is…

A

Bladder infection moving towards the kidneys

50
Q

Of the 2 enterobacteria that cause Bladder infections this one causes 70%

A

E coli

51
Q

Why are women more at risk than men for Bladder infections

A

Shorter urethra and near anus

52
Q

Can leptospirosa live outside the host body?

What does it cause

A

Yes, for weeks

Bladder infection from Rodents

53
Q

This bladder infection enters through breaks in the skin

No lesions at entry site

Spreads in blood stream

Complement clears out of organisms except kidney where immune response can damage kindeys

A

Leptospirosa interogens

54
Q

In Bacterial vaginosis

Lactobacillus (increase or decrease)
Anaerobic organisms (increase or decrease)
Garderella vaginalis(increase or decrease)

A

Decrease
Increase
Increase

55
Q

Pathogenesis

Vagina PH above 4.5
Released Clue Cells
Odor from anaerobic bacterial products
NO Inflammation

A

Bacterial vaginosis

56
Q

Pathogenesis

Uncontrolled diabetes
Oral contraceptive
Common in late pregnancy

(Contributing factors)

A

Valvo-vagina Candidiasis Yeast infection

57
Q

Symptoms

Sudden high fever
Head and muscle ache
Vomiting & diarrhea
Sun burn like rash / skin peels
Blood pressure drops
Kidney failure death

A

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock

58
Q

Staphylococcus toxic shock is which kind of infection

A

No infection. Bacteria multiply in tampon

59
Q

This venereal disease grows out on Chocolate agar

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

60
Q

The 2ndary stage of this STD involves rash on hands and feet

A

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis

61
Q

New borns born to a mother with this disease will develop “Opthalmia Neonator” in the eyes

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

62
Q

Symptoms:

Painful urination & White discharge

May mimic Gonorrhea

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

63
Q

Antigenic types of this STD may cause Trachoma which causes blindness

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

64
Q

HSV-2 causes this viral STD

A

Genital Herpes

Herpes simplex virus 2

65
Q

This may cause abnormal pap smears

A

HPV

66
Q

What is the name of the protozoan STD

Organism that causes it

Usually less sever in men

A

Trichomonas

Trichomonas vaginalis

67
Q

Does the lower urethra have normal flora

A

Yes

68
Q

Men may notice:

Itching or irritation inside the penis;
Burning after peeing or ejaculating; and
Discharge from the penis.

Women may notice:

Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals;
Discomfort when peeing; and
A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased volume) with a fishy smell.

A

Trichomonas

(Protozoan)

69
Q

Symptoms

Burning without urination
Frequent urination
Urine cloudy: leukocytes
Odor
Blood in urine
Back pain near kidneys

A

Urinary tract infection

Bacterial Cystitis

70
Q

Symptoms

Itching
Burning
Whitish Clumps of Vaginal discharge

A

Valvo-vaginal Candidiasis Yeast infection

71
Q

Symptoms

Men:
More painful & obvious
Painful urination
Pus

Women:
Milder Symptoms
Painful urination
Pus

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

72
Q

Pathogenesis:

Inclusion bodies

Men:
Start urethra & testies
Pain & Swelling

Women:
Cervix bleeding
Uterus: Pain & bleeding
Fallopian tube: Pelvic Inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

73
Q

Which bacterial std is grown on rabbit testicles

A

Treponema pallidum
Syphilis

74
Q

Enters through mucus membranes & scrapped skin

Few than 100 organisms needed for infection

Initial area Hard chancre ->lymph nodes-> blood stream

A

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis

75
Q

Small pimple at entry site
With in days becomes Ulcer & Enlargens
In lymph nodes becomes Sever Inflammatory response
Nodes rupture to skin surface

A

Chancroid (Soft chancre)
haemophilus ducreyi

76
Q

What is the cure for Viral STD

A

No cure

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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