Chapter 27: Genito Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards by Jade Ring

Urine PH is

4.5 or lower

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In females what is a common site of STDs

Cervix

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Bladder and above. Describe normal flora

Sterile No flora

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In the vagina Lactobacillus converts Glycogen to Lactic acid for which purpose

To inhibit pathogens

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Which age group is more susceptible to S. Pyrogenes and N. gonorrhea

Pre or Post Puberty based on bodies ability to fight infections

Pre puberty

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Limiting flow of urine (increases/ decreases) chance of an infection

Increases

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What is the most common urinary tract infection

Bacterial Cystitis

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With bacterial Cystitis which population may be Asymptomatic

Children & Elderly

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These enterobacteria (2) account of 80% of Bladder infections

E coli 70% & Klebsiella 5-10%

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These non enterobacteria account for 5 - 10% of Bladder infections

Staphylococcus saprohyticus

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Serratia marcesens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter faecalis

May cause…

Hospitalized patients may get a Bladder infection from one of these 3 sources

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Why are men 50+ at risk for urinary infections

Enlarged Prostate decreases urine flow

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Which has a longer course for Antibiotics
Bladder or Kidney infection

Kidney

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Leptospirosa interogens causes

Which is its morphology

This Bacterial infection of the Bladder is caused by rodents

Spirochete

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Puerperal fever (gangrene of uterus) is from which action

Which bacterial

Child birth

Clostridium perfringens

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A white discharge and Fishy smell is associated with this female disease

No inflammation
7x increase for PreMature birth

No specific organisms associated
Lactobacillus Decreases
Some Anaerobic organisms Increase
Garderella Vaginalis Increase

Bacterial vaginosis

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Bacterial vaginosis causes what kind of PH change

Increases it above 4.5

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In the vagina these cells ______change to this fuzzy look when they are coated with bacteria. If seen, it means bacterial vaginosis is present.

Clue

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This type of vagina problem Follows antibacterial therapy which disrupt the normal flora

Valvo vaginal Candidiasis Yeast infection

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Does Candidiasis Yeast infection have any external symptoms

Yes, Red & Swollen

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Toxic shock associated with tampons is from this bacteria ____

An exotoxin is released as a ______

Staphylococcus aurus

Super antigen

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The symptoms of this STD are milder in women. In men it includes Painful urination and pus discharge

Gram negative diplococci
Grown on chocolate agar

Name disease & bacterial cause

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhea

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Which bacteria produces OPA protein that attaches to T lymphocytes interference with immune response

Neisseria gonorrhea

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After gonorrhea does one produce immunity to it

Nope

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This diseases pathogenesis "Elemental Body" attaches to host cell. Once Inside lysosome becomes "Reticulate Body" which dived to become infectious "Elemental Bodies"

Chlamydia trachomatis

Ball shapped obligate intracellular bacteria, whose inclusion bodies infect cells is this bacteria

Chlamydia trachomatis

Lmyphogranuloma Venereum is caused by

Chlamydia trachomatis

3 stages for this disease 1. Chancre inside vagina or anus, lymph nodes enlarged 2. Runny nose, aches, rash on palms and soles of feet 3. Mental illness or blindness

Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

Treponema pallidum Spirochete Causes

Syphilis

Congenital Syphilis treatment must be done before the ___ month

4th

Is it possible to get syphilis from kissing

Yes, during the 2nd stage of the infection

Haemophilus ducreyi causes this disease

Chancroid / soft genital sores Lymph nodes in groin enlarge

This bacteria requires Hematin (X-factor) as a growth factor from blood

Haemophilus ducreyi Chancroid

Which Herpes Symplex Virus causes more sever infections in the genital region

HPV: Cervical Cancer (Non-watery / watery) lesions of cervix can develop into cancer

Non-watery

Do genital warts lead to Cervical Cancer

Nope

____ types of HPV infections last longer and cause "Precancerous Lesions"

Oncogenic

Single exposure 60% infection rate 46% of sexual active university women have it

HPV

The Gardisil Vaccine is for

HPV

Human immunodeficiency virus I causes

AIDS

Viral protease & Viral reverse transcriptase (2 types) are used against this virus

HIV

Trichomoniasis is this type of STD

Protozoan

HIV I is more common in... HIV II is more common in... (Geographic area)

I most aids cSes II West Africa

RNA Retrovirus: uses its RNA to make a complementary _____ strand

DNA

HIV has 3 enzymes Reverse transcriptase: makes DNA from RNA Intergrase: _____ HIV protease: Seperates HIV polyprotein produced into individual Functional pieces

Intergrase: inserts DNA strand into our own DNA

Entry inhibition Reverse transcriptase inhibition Integrase enzyme inhibition Protease inhibition Are a combination of drugs against HIV called

Cocktail treatment

____ inhibits anaerobic bacteria

Hydrogen peroxide

Pre puberty girls are more susceptible to (2)

Streptococcus pyogenes Neisseria gonorrhea

Pyelonephritis is...

Bladder infection moving towards the kidneys

Of the 2 enterobacteria that cause Bladder infections this one causes 70%

E coli

Why are women more at risk than men for Bladder infections

Shorter urethra and near anus

Can leptospirosa live outside the host body? What does it cause

Yes, for weeks Bladder infection from Rodents

This bladder infection enters through breaks in the skin No lesions at entry site Spreads in blood stream Complement clears out of organisms except kidney where immune response can damage kindeys

Leptospirosa interogens

In Bacterial vaginosis Lactobacillus (increase or decrease) Anaerobic organisms (increase or decrease) Garderella vaginalis(increase or decrease)

Decrease Increase Increase

Pathogenesis Vagina PH above 4.5 Released Clue Cells Odor from anaerobic bacterial products NO Inflammation

Bacterial vaginosis

Pathogenesis Uncontrolled diabetes Oral contraceptive Common in late pregnancy (Contributing factors)

Valvo-vagina Candidiasis Yeast infection

Symptoms Sudden high fever Head and muscle ache Vomiting & diarrhea Sun burn like rash / skin peels Blood pressure drops Kidney failure death

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock

Staphylococcus toxic shock is which kind of infection

No infection. Bacteria multiply in tampon

This venereal disease grows out on Chocolate agar

Neisseria gonorrhea

The 2ndary stage of this STD involves rash on hands and feet

Treponema pallidum Syphilis

New borns born to a mother with this disease will develop "Opthalmia Neonator" in the eyes

Neisseria gonorrhea

Symptoms: Painful urination & White discharge May mimic Gonorrhea

Chlamydia trachomatis

Antigenic types of this STD may cause Trachoma which causes blindness

Chlamydia trachomatis

HSV-2 causes this viral STD

Genital Herpes Herpes simplex virus 2

This may cause abnormal pap smears

HPV

What is the name of the protozoan STD Organism that causes it Usually less sever in men

Trichomonas Trichomonas vaginalis

Does the lower urethra have normal flora

Yes

Men may notice: Itching or irritation inside the penis; Burning after peeing or ejaculating; and Discharge from the penis. Women may notice: Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals; Discomfort when peeing; and A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased volume) with a fishy smell.

Trichomonas (Protozoan)

Symptoms Burning without urination Frequent urination Urine cloudy: leukocytes Odor Blood in urine Back pain near kidneys

Urinary tract infection Bacterial Cystitis

Symptoms Itching Burning Whitish Clumps of Vaginal discharge

Valvo-vaginal Candidiasis Yeast infection

Symptoms Men: More painful & obvious Painful urination Pus Women: Milder Symptoms Painful urination Pus

Neisseria gonorrhea

Pathogenesis: Inclusion bodies Men: Start urethra & testies Pain & Swelling Women: Cervix bleeding Uterus: Pain & bleeding Fallopian tube: Pelvic Inflammatory disease

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which bacterial std is grown on rabbit testicles

Treponema pallidum Syphilis

Enters through mucus membranes & scrapped skin Few than 100 organisms needed for infection Initial area Hard chancre ->lymph nodes-> blood stream

Treponema pallidum Syphilis

Small pimple at entry site With in days becomes Ulcer & Enlargens In lymph nodes becomes Sever Inflammatory response Nodes rupture to skin surface

Chancroid (Soft chancre) haemophilus ducreyi

What is the cure for Viral STD

No cure