Chapter 27: Genito Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
Urine PH is
4.5 or lower
In females what is a common site of STDs
Cervix
Bladder and above. Describe normal flora
Sterile No flora
In the vagina Lactobacillus converts Glycogen to Lactic acid for which purpose
To inhibit pathogens
Which age group is more susceptible to S. Pyrogenes and N. gonorrhea
Pre or Post Puberty based on bodies ability to fight infections
Pre puberty
Limiting flow of urine (increases/ decreases) chance of an infection
Increases
What is the most common urinary tract infection
Bacterial Cystitis
With bacterial Cystitis which population may be Asymptomatic
Children & Elderly
These enterobacteria (2) account of 80% of Bladder infections
E coli 70% & Klebsiella 5-10%
These non enterobacteria account for 5 - 10% of Bladder infections
Staphylococcus saprohyticus
Serratia marcesens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter faecalis
May cause…
Hospitalized patients may get a Bladder infection from one of these 3 sources
Why are men 50+ at risk for urinary infections
Enlarged Prostate decreases urine flow
Which has a longer course for Antibiotics
Bladder or Kidney infection
Kidney
Leptospirosa interogens causes
Which is its morphology
This Bacterial infection of the Bladder is caused by rodents
Spirochete
Puerperal fever (gangrene of uterus) is from which action
Which bacterial
Child birth
Clostridium perfringens
A white discharge and Fishy smell is associated with this female disease
No inflammation
7x increase for PreMature birth
No specific organisms associated
Lactobacillus Decreases
Some Anaerobic organisms Increase
Garderella Vaginalis Increase
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis causes what kind of PH change
Increases it above 4.5
In the vagina these cells ______change to this fuzzy look when they are coated with bacteria. If seen, it means bacterial vaginosis is present.
Clue
This type of vagina problem Follows antibacterial therapy which disrupt the normal flora
Valvo vaginal Candidiasis Yeast infection
Does Candidiasis Yeast infection have any external symptoms
Yes, Red & Swollen
Toxic shock associated with tampons is from this bacteria ____
An exotoxin is released as a ______
Staphylococcus aurus
Super antigen
The symptoms of this STD are milder in women. In men it includes Painful urination and pus discharge
Gram negative diplococci
Grown on chocolate agar
Name disease & bacterial cause
Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhea
Which bacteria produces OPA protein that attaches to T lymphocytes interference with immune response
Neisseria gonorrhea
After gonorrhea does one produce immunity to it
Nope
This diseases pathogenesis “Elemental Body” attaches to host cell. Once Inside lysosome becomes “Reticulate Body” which dived to become infectious “Elemental Bodies”
Chlamydia trachomatis
Ball shapped obligate intracellular bacteria, whose inclusion bodies infect cells is this bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis
Lmyphogranuloma Venereum is caused by
Chlamydia trachomatis
3 stages for this disease
- Chancre inside vagina or anus, lymph nodes enlarged
- Runny nose, aches, rash on palms and soles of feet
- Mental illness or blindness
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
Treponema pallidum
Spirochete
Causes
Syphilis
Congenital Syphilis treatment must be done before the ___ month
4th
Is it possible to get syphilis from kissing
Yes, during the 2nd stage of the infection
Haemophilus ducreyi causes this disease
Chancroid / soft genital sores
Lymph nodes in groin enlarge
This bacteria requires Hematin (X-factor) as a growth factor from blood
Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid
Which Herpes Symplex Virus causes more sever infections in the genital region
II
HPV: Cervical Cancer
(Non-watery / watery) lesions of cervix can develop into cancer
Non-watery
Do genital warts lead to Cervical Cancer
Nope
____ types of HPV infections last longer and cause “Precancerous Lesions”
Oncogenic
Single exposure 60% infection rate
46% of sexual active university women have it
HPV
The Gardisil Vaccine is for
HPV
Human immunodeficiency virus I causes
AIDS
Viral protease & Viral reverse transcriptase (2 types) are used against this virus
HIV
Trichomoniasis is this type of STD
Protozoan
HIV I is more common in…
HIV II is more common in…
(Geographic area)
I most aids cSes
II West Africa
RNA Retrovirus: uses its RNA to make a complementary _____ strand
DNA
HIV has 3 enzymes
Reverse transcriptase: makes DNA from RNA
Intergrase: _____
HIV protease: Seperates HIV polyprotein produced into individual Functional pieces
Intergrase: inserts DNA strand into our own DNA
Entry inhibition
Reverse transcriptase inhibition
Integrase enzyme inhibition
Protease inhibition
Are a combination of drugs against HIV called
Cocktail treatment
____ inhibits anaerobic bacteria
Hydrogen peroxide
Pre puberty girls are more susceptible to (2)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Neisseria gonorrhea
Pyelonephritis is…
Bladder infection moving towards the kidneys
Of the 2 enterobacteria that cause Bladder infections this one causes 70%
E coli
Why are women more at risk than men for Bladder infections
Shorter urethra and near anus
Can leptospirosa live outside the host body?
What does it cause
Yes, for weeks
Bladder infection from Rodents
This bladder infection enters through breaks in the skin
No lesions at entry site
Spreads in blood stream
Complement clears out of organisms except kidney where immune response can damage kindeys
Leptospirosa interogens
In Bacterial vaginosis
Lactobacillus (increase or decrease)
Anaerobic organisms (increase or decrease)
Garderella vaginalis(increase or decrease)
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Pathogenesis
Vagina PH above 4.5
Released Clue Cells
Odor from anaerobic bacterial products
NO Inflammation
Bacterial vaginosis
Pathogenesis
Uncontrolled diabetes
Oral contraceptive
Common in late pregnancy
(Contributing factors)
Valvo-vagina Candidiasis Yeast infection
Symptoms
Sudden high fever
Head and muscle ache
Vomiting & diarrhea
Sun burn like rash / skin peels
Blood pressure drops
Kidney failure death
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock
Staphylococcus toxic shock is which kind of infection
No infection. Bacteria multiply in tampon
This venereal disease grows out on Chocolate agar
Neisseria gonorrhea
The 2ndary stage of this STD involves rash on hands and feet
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
New borns born to a mother with this disease will develop “Opthalmia Neonator” in the eyes
Neisseria gonorrhea
Symptoms:
Painful urination & White discharge
May mimic Gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Antigenic types of this STD may cause Trachoma which causes blindness
Chlamydia trachomatis
HSV-2 causes this viral STD
Genital Herpes
Herpes simplex virus 2
This may cause abnormal pap smears
HPV
What is the name of the protozoan STD
Organism that causes it
Usually less sever in men
Trichomonas
Trichomonas vaginalis
Does the lower urethra have normal flora
Yes
Men may notice:
Itching or irritation inside the penis;
Burning after peeing or ejaculating; and
Discharge from the penis.
Women may notice:
Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals;
Discomfort when peeing; and
A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased volume) with a fishy smell.
Trichomonas
(Protozoan)
Symptoms
Burning without urination
Frequent urination
Urine cloudy: leukocytes
Odor
Blood in urine
Back pain near kidneys
Urinary tract infection
Bacterial Cystitis
Symptoms
Itching
Burning
Whitish Clumps of Vaginal discharge
Valvo-vaginal Candidiasis Yeast infection
Symptoms
Men:
More painful & obvious
Painful urination
Pus
Women:
Milder Symptoms
Painful urination
Pus
Neisseria gonorrhea
Pathogenesis:
Inclusion bodies
Men:
Start urethra & testies
Pain & Swelling
Women:
Cervix bleeding
Uterus: Pain & bleeding
Fallopian tube: Pelvic Inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Which bacterial std is grown on rabbit testicles
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
Enters through mucus membranes & scrapped skin
Few than 100 organisms needed for infection
Initial area Hard chancre ->lymph nodes-> blood stream
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
Small pimple at entry site
With in days becomes Ulcer & Enlargens
In lymph nodes becomes Sever Inflammatory response
Nodes rupture to skin surface
Chancroid (Soft chancre)
haemophilus ducreyi
What is the cure for Viral STD
No cure
