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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 16: Host Microbe Interaction > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Host Microbe Interaction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Establishment of growth of a microorganism on a surface

A

Colonization

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2
Q

A lipopolysaccharide component of Gram-negative bacteria; lipid A is responsible for the toxic properties

A

Endotoxin

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3
Q

Difference between opportunistic and primary pathogens

A

Opportunistic only affect sick people

Primary in healthy

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4
Q

A symbiotic relationship were both partners benefit

A

Mutalism

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5
Q

Relationship between 2 organsim in which 1 partner benefits and the other is unaffected

A

Commensalism

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6
Q

Are all pathogens parasitic

A

Yes

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7
Q

An imbalance in the microbiome is called

A

Dysbiosis

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8
Q

The ability of a pathogen to overcome body defense and cause disease

A

Virulence

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9
Q

Number of microbes sufficient to establish an infection is expressed as

A

Ld50

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10
Q

Progression of infectious disease

Incubation

Illness

Convalescence

  • Prodromal phase is also included what is this and where does it belong
A

Before illnesss
It is a general feeling of MALAISE (general not feeling well)

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11
Q

Acute illness caused by an inflammatory response that results when pathogens or their products circulate in the blood stream

A

Sepsis

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12
Q

Circulation of toxins in the blood

A

Toxemia

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13
Q

Circulation of virus particles in the blood

A

Viremia

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14
Q

Criteria used to determine the cause of an infections disease by culturing the agent and reproducing the disease

A

Kochs postulates

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15
Q

Production of toxins
Colonization of mucos membranes
Invasion of host tissues
Invasion of host tissues followed by toxin Production

Are what?

A

Pathogenic mechanisms to invade a healthy host

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16
Q

Iron binding substance produced by bacteria to scavenge iron

A

Siderophore

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17
Q

This Phage like mechanism called ________ is used by bacterial cells to inject gene products directly into host cells

A

Type III secretion system

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18
Q

Characteristic mechanism of engulfment that some bacteria induces by triggering rearranging the cells actin

A

Membrane ruffling

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19
Q

2 methods bacterial pathogens use to infect body through the mucus membranes

A

Direct uptake

Exploiting Antigen Sampling Process

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20
Q

This is the process a bacterial cell injects an effector protien into host cell causing it to endocytoize the pathogen

A

Direct uptake

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21
Q

2 parts of the antibody

____ binds to the antigen

_____ functions as a Red Flag

A

Fab

Fc

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22
Q

How does the complement system lyis foreign cells

A

Membrane attack complexes

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23
Q

Bacteria that avoid being killed by the complement system are called

A

Serum resistant

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24
Q

This enzyme cleaves a class of antibodies found in mucus and other secretions

A

IgA protease

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25
Q

Mechanisms for avoiding antibodies include (3)

A

IgA protease, antigenic variation, mimicking host cells

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26
Q

Vaccination against toxins like tetanus & diphtheria are called

A

Toxoids

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27
Q

If a person injest toxins this can be reversed by

A

Antitoxins

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28
Q

These toxins have 2 parts: 1st part is the toxic part
2nd part is the binding part

A

A-B toxins

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29
Q

These antigens bind to the MHC II molecule on antigen presenting cells and t cells, causing false recognition. This produces a cytokine storm which maybe deadly

A

Superantigens

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30
Q

3 types of ExoToxins

A

A-B, membrane damaging, superantigens

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31
Q

Certain antibodies produced in response to an infection can bind to the bodies own tissues promoting an autoimmune response.

These are called

A

Cross-reactive antibodies

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32
Q

What are Pattern Recognition receptors looking for

A

Viral nucleic acids

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33
Q

Multinucleated body formed by cell fusion

A

Syncytium

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34
Q

Firmicutes and bacteriodsetes are commonly represented phyla in the _____ of adults

A

Intestinal tract

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35
Q

4 Roles of the human microbiome include

A

Excluding pathogens & Priming adaptive immune system against pathogens

Tolerance to non harmful substances

Aids in digestion

Produces vitamins

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36
Q

_____ provide a foundation for determining the cause of infections disease

____ provides a foundation for identifying virulence factors that contribute to disease

A

Kochs postulate

Molecular Kochs postulate

37
Q

Rapid turnover of pili, antigenic variation, and IgA protease allow bacteria to avoid the effects of secretory ____

A

Iga

38
Q

____ enable microbes to scavenge iron

A

Siderophores

39
Q

Mechanism that allow bacteria to transfer gene products directly into host cells

A

Type III secretion systems

40
Q

A protein in the cell walls of group A Streptococci that is associated with virulence

A

M protein

41
Q

Capsules, M protein, Fc receptors all serve for this function in pathogens

A

Avoid recognition and attachment of phagocytes

42
Q

____ describes bacteria that have a mechanism to avoid the killing effects of the complement system proteins

A

Serum resistant

43
Q

Toxins that damage a variety of different cell types

A

Cytotoxins

44
Q

Neurotoxins, enterotoxins, cytotoxins are all this type of toxic protein

A

Exotoxins

45
Q

A-B is an exotoxin composed of an active subunits ____ and a binding subunit ____

A

A / B

46
Q

_____ override the specificity of the T-cell response, causing a cytokine storm

A

Superantigens

47
Q

Symptoms associated with (this type of toxin) ____ are due to a vigorous host response .

Lipid A is responsible for its toxic properties

A

Endotoxin

48
Q

This combination of the antibody/ antigen complex can cause kidney and joint damage

A

Immune complex

49
Q

These fungi are generally opertunistic…..

A

Saprophytes

50
Q

____ cause superficial infections of skin, hair, and nails

A

Dermatophytes

51
Q

Which type of fungi cause the most serious infections

A

Dimorphic

52
Q

Capsules and M proteins are thought to interfere with Opsonization by…

A

Complement proteins

53
Q

C5a peptidase enzyme of S. pyrogenes breaks down C5a resulting in…

A

Decrease accumulation of phagocytes

54
Q

Is diphtheria an endotoxin or exotoxin

A

Exotoxin

55
Q

Endotoxin is

An A-B toxin
Component of Gram-positive bacteria
Can be converted into a toxoid
Heat-stable
Causes T cells to release cytokines

A

Heat stable

56
Q

Syncitium

A

A multinucleated formed cell

57
Q

The _____ coats group A streptococci (GAS) and acts as the primary antigen and determinant of type-specific immunity. Is essential for GAS virulence, providing antiphagocytic functions critical to survival in human tissues and fluids.

A

M protein

58
Q

Dysbiosis

A

An imbalance of the microbiome

59
Q

Can normal flora be opportunistic

A

Yes, in a weakened immune system

60
Q

How much vitamin K does normal flora provide

A

10%

61
Q

Which is more pathogenic
3000 Id 50
200 id 50

A

200

It is saying that 200 pathogens are required to infect 50 people

62
Q

Can acute illnesses be latent?

A

Yes

63
Q

Toxins: Eaten, don’t need organsim just toxin it produces

Give 2 examples

A

Staph food poisoning
Botism

64
Q

Pathogenicity mechanics

Colonization on surface of host and toxin production

Name 2 such pathogens

A

Diphtheria
E coli 0157 :H7

65
Q

Pathogenicity mechanics

Invasion of host tissues
Avoid macrophages & detection by antibodies

Name 3 pathogens

A

TB
Salmonella
Strep pyogenes

66
Q

Bacteria use Adhesion Proteins on Pili or Fambriae to attach to ____ & _____ receptors

A

Glycoproteins & Glycolipids

67
Q

_____ shock (from a bacterial infection). Example: A serious infection complication. Caused by pathogens

_____ shock (from an allergic reaction or asthma attack). Example: An allergic reaction to peanuts

A

Septic

Anaphylactic

68
Q

Find the cause of disease

Organsim must be grown in pure culture

Pure culture used to infect new host

Organsim must be found in New Host

Describes this process

A

Kochs postulate

69
Q

Finding cause of disease

Virulence factor is cloned and inserted into Non pathogenic strain

Virulence genes expressed during disease

Antibodies against Virulence gene gives host protection

Describes this process

A

Molecular Kochs postulate

70
Q

Pathogens deliver _______ to host cells

Destroy microvilli in intestines

Force host cell to take in bacteria

A

Effector molecules

71
Q

Mucous membrane penetration

Direct uptake by ____ cells

Or

Exploit antigen sampling by ____ cells

A

Epithelial

M

72
Q

Where are M cells located

A

Peyers Patches MALT

73
Q

Bacteria can avoid phagocytes by destroying the Complement component that attracts phagocytes with _____ peptidase of strep pyrogenes

A

C5a

74
Q

_____ contains Streptolysin O that destroys phagocytes cell membrane

A

Strep pyrogenes

75
Q

____ is a strong chemoattractant and is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes, in activation of phagocytes

A

C5a

76
Q

____ toxins can cause local or systemic infections

____ toxins only produce systemic

A

Exotoxins

Endotoxins

77
Q

Endotoxins of the outer membrane of Gram-negative are composed of 2 parts

A

Lipid A

O polysaccharide

78
Q

Lipid A & O polysaccharides are found in

A

Endotoxins of the outer membrane of Gram-negative are composed of 2 parts

79
Q

Endotoxins are detected by blood from this useless animal

A

Horseshoe crab

80
Q

Cross reacting Ab

Attacks heart lining and contributes in ______ an auto immune disease

A

Rheumatic fever

81
Q

______ are due to damaged heart valves, where they don’t close properly

A

Heart murmurs

82
Q

Viral damage to host

Destroy host cell by …

A

Viral lytic cycle

83
Q

Ring worm and athletes foot are examples of…

A

Dermatophytes

84
Q

What is Candida albicans

A

Yeast normal flora

85
Q

Dimorphic fungi are ____ in the environment but ____ in body

A

Molds / Yeast

86
Q

Histoplasma in bat droppings can cause infection of this area…

A

Lungs

87
Q

____ is the larger of two elements formed by the cleavage of complement component 3, and is considered an important part of the innate immune system.

It is potent in opsonization: tagging pathogens, immune complexes (antigen-antibody), and apoptotic cells for phagocytosis.

A

C3b

88
Q

_____ is a strong chemoattractant and is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes, in activation of phagocytic cells and release of granule-based enzymes and generation of oxidants, all of which may contribute to innate immune functions or tissue …

A

C5a

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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