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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 21: Respitory Infections > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Respitory Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

Streptococci can be classified based on cell wall carbohydrates by this method

A

Lancefield grouping

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2
Q

Which is better predictor of disease causing potential

Hemolysis or Lancefield

A

Lancefield

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3
Q

Eyes and ears associated with ducts to nasal cavity,throat are included in upper respitory

True ir false

A

True

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4
Q

Goblet cells produce

A

Mucus

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5
Q

Nose and nasal cavity does this to inspired air

A

Warm and humidity

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6
Q

Pharyngitis is inflammation of

A

Throat

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7
Q

Pleomorphic, club shapped Gram-positive rods non mobile
Aerobic/ facultative

Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium

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8
Q

Gram-negative rods

Obligate anaerobe

Found in teeth and gums

A

Fusobacterium
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

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9
Q

Small gram negative rods

Facultative anaerobe

H. Infulenza

A

Haemophilus

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10
Q

Gram-negative diplococci and diplobacilli

Aerobic some resemble pathogen
Neisseria species N. Meningitidis

A

Moraxella

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11
Q

Gram-positive cocci in clusters

Facultative anaerobe
Potential pathogen S. aureus commonly in nostrils

A

Staphylococcus

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12
Q

Gram-positive Cocci in chains

Potential pathogen S. pneumonia

A

Streptococcus

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13
Q

External ear up to ear drum protected by

A

Cerumen

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14
Q

Middle ear connected by _______ to nasal pharynx to allow drainage

A

Eustachian tube

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15
Q

Otitis media is

A

Infection of ear drum

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16
Q

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs make up

A

Lower respitory tract

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17
Q

Eyes, Ears, nose, pharynx make up

A

Upper respitory tract

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18
Q

Larynx is aka

A

Voice box

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19
Q

Trachea is aka

A

Wind pipe

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20
Q

Trachea branches into two ___

A

Bronchi

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21
Q

When alveoli fill with pus and fluid it is called

A

Pneumonia

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22
Q

Pleura is

A

The 2 membranes surrounding the lungs

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23
Q

Conjunctivitis is aka

A

Pink eye

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24
Q

H. influenza & S. pneumoniae often cause

A

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Otitis media (ear ache)
Sinusitis (sinus infection)

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25
Q

Streptococci Pharyngitis aka strept throat is caused by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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26
Q

Gram-positive grows in chains
B-hemolysis
Group A streptococci (lancefield)

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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27
Q

M protein, Protein F, & Enzymes allow for evasion of host defense in this species

A

Strep pyrogenes

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28
Q

Some species of S. pyrogenes produce _____ leading to

High / scarlet fever
Toxic shock syndrome
Flesh eating disease

A

Streptococci pyrogenes Extotoxins

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29
Q

Acute post-streptococcal can lead to

A

Glomerulonephritis

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30
Q

Diphtheria is this type of disease

A

Toxin-mediated

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31
Q

Corynebacterium is the causative agent of …

A

Diphtheria

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32
Q

Diphtheria is an A-B exotoxin describe the A & B subunits

A

A = catalyzes reaction
B = binding

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33
Q

Diphtheria

Epidemiology ___ are the primary reservoir

A

Humans

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34
Q

Treatment for Diphtheria

Injection of _______

A

Antiserum to Toxin

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35
Q

Viral infection of Upper Respitory system

____ is the most frequent infections disease in humans

A

Common Cold

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36
Q

Which virus causes the common cold

A

Rhinovirus

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37
Q

The rhinovirus infects epithelial cells of the _______

Causing this action of the body’s innate immune system to stop ____

A

Upper respitory tract

Ciliary motion

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38
Q

The rhinovirus aka common cold what is the only source of this infection

A

Humans

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39
Q

______ upper respiratory tract infections

Characterized by FEVER
Lymph nodes of neck become swollen

A

Adenovirus

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40
Q

Pathogenesis of this species includes

Avoids host defense by delaying apoptosis, blocking interferion, interfer with antigen presenting

Following replication, “death protein” causes host cell lysis

A

Adenovirus

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41
Q

In pneumonia ___ containing pus and blood comes up from the lungs

A

Sputum

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42
Q

White shadows on chest X rays: Fluid in lungs is a symptom of this disease

A

Pneumonia

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43
Q

Pathogensis

Often caused by mucocilary elevator is compromised

Causative agent often has CAPSULE that DELAYS PHAGOCYTOSIS

Damaging effects are often due to inflammatory response

Name this Viral Infection

A

Pneumonia

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44
Q

Pneumonia can be bacterial, viral, fungal

True or false

A

True

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45
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the Causative agent for this Bacterial pneumonia

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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46
Q

Gram-positive diplococcus know as pneumonococcus

Thick polysaccharides capsule responsible for virulence

Describes the causative agent for this disease

A

Pneumococcal penumonia

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47
Q

Capsule and (surface protein) PspA interfere with C3b of complement system Blocking phagocytes

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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48
Q

Enterobacteria such as _____ species and other gram-negative rods can cause pneumonia

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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49
Q

This pneumonia is common in children and young adults.

Called walking pneumonia

Bacterial

A

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

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50
Q

Small bacterium lacking cell wall
Slow aerobic growth
Colonies look like fried eggs

Describes the causative agent for this
Bacterial infection AKA walking pneumonia

A

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

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51
Q

The epidemiology of this bacterial pneumonia is typically very young or very old / people with compromised immune systems ie. Hospitalized paitents

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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52
Q

This pneumonia accounts for 1/5 of bacterial pneumonia

A

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

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53
Q

M. pneumonias illness length will be shorter if given

A

Macrolides

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54
Q

Pathogenesis of pneumonia

Inhalation of encapsulated pneumonococcus

Inhalation of colonized mucus droplets

Inhalation of infected droplets

A

Pneumococcal

Klebsiella

Mycoplasma

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55
Q

Epidemiology of pneumonia

Risk increases from compromised immune system

Common causes of health care associated pneumonia

Mild infections common

A

Pneumococcal

Klebsiella

Mycoplasmal

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56
Q

Pertussis is aka

A

Whooping cough

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57
Q

Bordella pertussis is the causative agent of…

A

Whooping cough

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58
Q

With pertussis the paitent is most infectious during the

A

Catarrhal stage

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59
Q

How is whooping cough preventable

A

Vaccine

DTaP

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

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60
Q

Signs and symptoms of this disease include 3 stages

Catarrhal: runny rose fever
Paroxymial: violent coughing
Convalescence

A

Pertussis - Whooping Cough

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61
Q

Pathogenesis

Colonize lower respitory tract
Cilary action slowed
Toxins released cause death of epithelial cells & increased cAMP
Rise in lymphocytes

A

Pertussis: whooping cough

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62
Q

TB

Can be a latent infection first and may later become active

True or false

A

True

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63
Q

Slender acid fast rod shapped bacteria
Strict aerobic generation time 16 hr

Describe this causative agent

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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64
Q

Pathogenesis of this disease includes

Alveolar macrophages eating them

Due to Mycolic acids they prevent fusion of the phagosome and lysosome

Pro-inflammatory response calls more macrophages

Form a granuloma called a “tubercles”

A

TB

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65
Q

Lymphocytes on the outside of the tubercle seen on an Xray are called

A

Ghon foci

66
Q

Lymphocytes on outside of tubercle with lymph nodes involved are called

A

Ghon complex

67
Q

Foamy macrophages (with lipids) thought to play important role in death of tissue are called

From this disease

A

Caseous necrosis

TB

68
Q

Tubercle ruptures, releases bacteria, dead material

Causes large lung defects called

A

Tuberculous Cavity

69
Q

Both skin and blood tests, lung x rays are used to ID this Bacterial Infection of Lower Respitory System

A

TB

70
Q

Treatment for this Bacterial Lower Respitory Infection is Lengthy

4 and then 2 anti Bacterial medications

A

TB

71
Q

This causative agent of this Bacterial infection of Lower Respitory

Stains poorly immunofluorescence

Gram-negative rod, fastidious

Persist in biofilms

A

Legionella pneumonia

72
Q

Epidemiology

Wide spread in warm waters containing protozoan, which house the bacteria

From aerosols from air-conditioning systems, nebulizer, water faucets

No Person to Person Spread

A

Legionellosis

73
Q

Primarily a disease of live stock describes this Bacterial infection of the lower respitory system

A

Inhalation anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

74
Q

Causative agent

Endospore forming , Gram positive, non-hemolytic , non-motile, rod shapped bacteria

A

Bacillus anthracis

75
Q

Epidemiology

Zoonosis can be transmitted to humans working with animals or animal products

Not person to person

Describes this Bacterial lower respitory disease

A

Anthrax

76
Q

Influenza (flu)

Is this type ___ of Infection of the lower respitory system

A

Viral

77
Q

Minor mutations in HA and NA genes responsible for seasonal influenza are due to this

A

Antigentic drift

78
Q

Antigenic shift: uncommon concurrent infection allows mixture of 8 RNA segments and causes

A

Pandemic influenza

79
Q

Children 5 - 15 with influenza should not be given a aspirin due to

A

Reyes syndrome

80
Q

This viral infection of the Lower Respitory system

Causative agent; Enveloped single stranded RNA “paramyxovirus”

A

Respitory Syncytial Virus
(RSV)

81
Q

Treatment of this viral infection of the lower respitory system

No vaccine
No antiviral treatment
Passive immunization with immune globulins or monoclonal antibodies

A

Respitory Syncytical Virus
(RSV)

82
Q

Fungal infection of lower respitory system

Newly emerging disease 1993

Associated with exposure to mice

A

Hantavirus

83
Q

Causative agent Fungal infection

Sin nombre virus / bunyavirus

Enveloped single stranded RNA genome 3 segment

Affects rodents but is harmless to them

A

Hantavirus

84
Q

Pathogenesis

enters by Inhalation of dust contaminated with urine, feces , salvia, of infected rodents

FUNGAL INFECTION LOWER RESPITORY

Person to Person infection rare

A

Havtavirus

85
Q

Does hantavirus have any treatment or prevention

A

Nope

86
Q

2 novel coronaviruses caused by new diseases

A

SARS Sever Acute Respitory Syndrome

MERS Middle East Respitory Syndrome

87
Q

Causative agents of SARS and MERS

A

SARS coronavirus
MERS coronavirus

88
Q

Enveloped single stranded RNA virus with spikes on surface giving a Crown like appearance

A

SARS & MERS

89
Q

Pathogenesis

Infect cells in lower respitory tract
Replicate genome with virus induced vesicles that hide from host response

Produces Strong Cytokine storm

A

SARS & MERS

90
Q

Zoonotic virus, bats
Transmitted person to person
Respitory droplets

A

SARS & MERS

91
Q

Treatment available for SARS & MERS

A

No, only experimental treatments
Ventilador

92
Q

Valley fever aka

A

Coccidioidomycosis

93
Q

People exposed to dust and soil in the southwest are most likely to develop this disease

From this fungus

A

Valley fever

Coccidiodomycosis

94
Q

Pathogenesis

______ inhaled

From this dimorphic Fungus

Coccidioidomycosis / Valley Fever

A

Arthroconidia

95
Q

______ aka ( Spelunkers Disease)

Usually benign

A

Histoplasmosis

96
Q

The causative agent from this disease is: Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Spelunkers disease

97
Q

Sever lung infection

Killed malnurished premature infants

From Fungus infection

A

Pneumocytis pneumonia

98
Q

Causative agent if this disease is:
Pneumocystis jiroveci

Tiny yeast-like Fungus

Pathogenesis: cells inhaled into lung tissue

A

Pneumocytis pneumonia

99
Q

Pink eye, earache, sinus infections
All have the same Causative agents (2)

A

Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumoniae

100
Q

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called …

Has this type of staining property

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Acid fast

101
Q

Conjunctivitis, otitis media, sinusitis
(Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumonia)

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep throat)
(Streptococcal pyogenes)

Diphtheria
(Corynebacterium diphtheria)

Are all what kind of infection where

A

Bacterial infections of Upper respitory system

102
Q

Common cold (Rhino virus / Picornavirus)

Adenovirus

Are viruses located where

A

Upper respitory tract

103
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia causes

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

104
Q

Ghon foci and ghon complex are involved in this disease

A

TB

105
Q

Bordetella pertussis is a bacteria that causes this lower respitory system disease

A

Pertussis (whopping cough)

106
Q

Lower respitory start below the epiglottis and includes

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs & alveoli

107
Q

What is the normal flora if the lower respitory system

A

None

108
Q

Pneumonitis is…

A

Inflammation of the lungs

109
Q

Sinuses, middle ear, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli have this normal flora

A

None, sterile

110
Q

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, mouth, throat contain normal flora

A

Yes , no need to be specific

111
Q

A quick test in the Dr’s office will reveal “Lancefield Group A Carbohydrate “ in relation to this UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

Strep throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

112
Q

Pathogenesis of the UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

C5a Peptidase
Hyaluronic Capsule
M-Protein
Protein F
Protein G

A

Strep throat (S. pyrogenes)

113
Q

Scarlet fever
Toxic shock syndrome
Flesh eating

Act as super antigens

Are all associated with the Exotoxins from this UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

Strep throat (Streptococcus pyrogenes)

114
Q

Streptolysons O & S cause this type of Hemolysis of both RBC & WBC

(UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION) Strep throat (S pyrogenes)

A

Beta hemolysis

115
Q

Quincy abcess of tonsils (During)

Kidney inflammation (Acute Glomerular Nephritis) &
Acute Rheumatic Fever (Both After)

Are associated with this UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

Strep throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

116
Q

Diphtheria is an UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION caused by

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

117
Q

Diphtheria a UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION is caused by corynebacterium Diphtheria and produces this type of toxin

A

Exotoxin

118
Q

Special media is needed to grow Corynebacterium diphtheria what is special about the requirements of this growth medium

A

Too little Iron

Iron will bind to repressor and shut down Toxin production

119
Q

Pathogenesis

Corynebacterium diphtheria doesn’t invade tissue ; however, it releases _____ into the blood system.

A

Exotoxin

120
Q

Diphtheria a Bacterial Upper respitory tract infection

What are the reservoirs of infection

A

Humans Only

121
Q

Prevention of Diphtheria (UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION) is…

A

DPT vaccine

Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

122
Q

UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Pink eye: Conjunctivitis
Otitis Media: Ear ache
Sinusitis

Are caused by these 2 bacteria

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza

123
Q

The Rhinovirus which is a viral infection of the upper respitory tract is in this family of viruses

A

Picornavirus

124
Q

This is the sever VIRAL infection of the UPPER RESPITORY TRACT.

Fever associated

A

Adenovirus

Andenoviral Pharyngitis

125
Q

Which pneumonia has a vaccine

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

126
Q

This pneumonia has a higher risk for drug users and people with lung issues

This pneumonia often colonies people who are taking antibiotics

This pneumonia is the most mild of all

A

Pneumococcal

Klebsiella

Mycoplasma

127
Q

What are nosocomial infections

A

Hospital

128
Q

Rusty colored sputum is associated with this type of bacterial pneumonia

Jelly red sputum is associated with this

A

Pneumococcal

Klebsiella

129
Q

This type of pneumonia has lung tissue death. The others don’t

A

Klebsiella (enterobacter) kills lung tissue

130
Q

This pneumonia is a “Rod shapped Gram-negative “ & “Enterobacter “

A

Klebsiella

131
Q

This pneumonia is most likely to cause death and is resistant to most antibiotics

A

Klebsiella

132
Q

Bordetella pertussis causes this LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

Whopping cough

133
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes this LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

TB

134
Q

What is Mycobacterium staining process

A

Acid fast

135
Q

This LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

Is associated with macrophages taking in the bacteria then get lysed.

Macrophages form Giant Cell & then granulomas

A

TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis

136
Q

This TB test involves injecting the skin with purified protein derivative of TB

A

Mantoux

137
Q

LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

from protozoa this disease is spread through aersol droplets

A

Legionairs disease

138
Q

This virus of the lower respitory tract is an orthomyxovirus

A

Influenza

139
Q

8 piece single stranded RNA virus describes

A

Influenza virus

140
Q

In influenza

Mutations in H antigen =

Genetic mixing if 2 viruses infect the same host =

A

Antigenic Drift

Antigenic Shift

141
Q

Guillain-Bure syndrome is associated with what?

A

Paralysis due to influenza vaccine 1/100,000

142
Q

Croup cough, destruction of the larynx, is due to this LOWER RESPITORY VIRAL INFECTION

A

RSV

Respitory Syncycial Virus

143
Q

This LOWER RESPITORY VIRUS

allows air into the lungs but not out

A

RSV

Respitory Syncycial Virus

144
Q

This LOWER RESPITORY FUNGAL INFECTION

is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum

Dimorphic: Yeast in host
Mold in soil

A

Spelunkers disease

145
Q

This LOWER RESPITORY FUNGAL INFECTION

Organism: Bunyavirus

Carried by infected rodents

No treatment

$$$$$$ good card $$$$$

A

Hantavirus

146
Q

Diphtheria (corynebacterium Diphtheria)

Strept Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis)
Ear infection (Otitis Media)
Sinitus
(Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumonia)

All of this in common

A

Bacterial infections of Upper respitory tract

147
Q

Influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
RSV ( paramyxovirus)
SARS & MERS ( Corona Virus)

A

Lower viral respitory

148
Q

Whooping cough (bordetella pertussis)

TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Legionairs disease (legionella pneumonia)

Inhalation Anthrax (Bacillus Anthracis)

All have this in common

A

Bacterial Lower Respitory

149
Q

Spelunkers disease (histoplasma capsulatum)
Hantavirus (Bunyavirus)
Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis)

All have this in common

A

Lower respitory FUNGAL INFECTION

150
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

Name disease

Location

A

Strep throat

Upper

151
Q

Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumonia

Name diseases and location

A

Conjunctivitis, otitis media, Sinitus

Upper respitory tract

152
Q

Adenovirus Pharyngitis

Name disease

Location

A

Adenovirus

Upper respitory tract

153
Q

Rhinovirus

Name disease

Location

A

Common cold

Upper respitory tract

154
Q

Orthomyxovirus

Disease

Location

A

Influenza

Lower Respitory tract

155
Q

Paramyxovirus

Disease

Location

A

RSV Respitory Syncycial Virus

Low Respitory tract

156
Q

Coronavirus

Diseases

Location

A

SARS & MERS

SUDDEN ACUTE RESPITORY SYNDROME

MIDDLE EAST RESPITORY SYNDROME

Lower respitory tract

157
Q

Bordetella pertussis

Disease

Location

A

Whopping cough

Lower Respitory system

158
Q

Mycobacterium causes this disease

Location

A

TB

Lower Respitory system

159
Q

Legionella pneumonia

Disease

Location

A

Legionairs

Lower Respitory system

160
Q

Bunyavirus (fungal)

Disease

Location

A

Hantavirus

Lower Respitory tract

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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