Chapter 11 Diversity of Archaea & Bacteria Flashcards
Photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O²
Anoxygenic Phototrophs
Organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals
Chemolithrotrops
Organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing organic chemicals
Chemoorganotrophs
Gram-positive bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major end product of their fermentative metabolism
Lactic acid bacteria
Archaea that obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas, using CO² as a terminal electron acceptor, thereby generating methane
Methanogens
Gram-negative bacteria that from multicellular “fruiting bodies”
Myxobacteria
Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as Ammonium or Nitrite
Nitrifiers
Photosynthetic organisms that produce O²
Oxygenic Phototrophs
Long, helical bacteria that have flexible cell walls and endoflagella
Spirochetes
Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing elemental Sulfur ans reduced Sulfur compounds, generating sulfuric acid
Sulfur Oxidizing bacteria
Lacking O²
Anoxic
These Anaerobic Chemolithrotrops are Gram-positive endospores named ______ cause disease including tetanus, gas gangrene, and botulism
Clostridium
Lactic acid bacteria can be distinguished from other bacteria that grow in the presence of O² how.
Lack of catalase
Difference between Lactococcus and Enterococcus
Lacto make cheese
Entero live in the intestines
Methanogens are _____ that oxidize Hydrogen gas, using CO² as a terminal electron acceptor, to generate methan
Archaea
The sulfur/sulfate reducing bacteria oxidize _____________, with sulfar/sulfate serving as a terminal electron acceptor, to generate hydrogen sulfide.
Organic compounds
Clostridia, the lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species oxidize organic compounds, with ________ serving as the Terminal electron acceptor
Organic compounds
Photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O²
Anoxygenic phototrophs
Anoxygenic Phototrophs have this type of chlorophyll
Bacteriochlorophyll
A group of anoxygenic Phototrophs who unlike other Phototrophs have all of their photosynthetic apparatuses contained in the cytoplasmic membrane.
They vary in color from red, orange, or purple
Purple bacteria
These bacteria have gas vesicles, allowing boyency, and store Sulfur in intracellular granules.
They use hydrogen sulfide to generate reducing power
Purple Sulfur bacteria
These bacteria use a variety of organic molecules rather than hydrogen sulfide for reducing power.
Lack gas vesicles
Store Sulfur in granules outside the cell
Purple non-sulfur bacteria
Purple bacteria are Gram _____
Negative
Green bacteria are a group of Gram______ anoxygenic Phototrophs that are green to brown in color
Negative
Use hydrogen sulfide as a source of electrons for reducing power and form granules for Sulfur outside the cell.
Some photosynthetic pigments are located in a structure called Chlorosomes
Green Sulfur bacteria
Anoxygenic Phototrophs include
Green and purple Sulfur bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria
An example of oxygenic phototroph is…
Cynobacteria
Gram-negative oxygenic Phototrophs, genetically related to chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria
These photosynthetic organisms use water as a source of electrons for reducing power
Oxygenic Phototrophs (Cynobacteria)
Cynobacteria form multicellular association called
Trichomes
What allows cynobacteria to rise to the surface?
Gas vesicles
Aerobic chemolithrotrops obtain energy by oxidizing ___________, using O² as a terminal electron acceptor
Reduced inorganic chemicals
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing Sulfur, ______ serves as a terminal electron acceptor. Generating sulfuric acid
O²
Can obligate aerobes ferment?
No
What is the source of hydrogen and Electrons in oxygenic Phototrophs
Water
How is oxygen produced by oxygenic Phototrophs
Breaking up water
Which group did we look at who are mostly responsible for nitrogen fixing
Cynobacteria
2 pigments in cynobacteria
Chlorophyll & phycobiliproteins
Which group produces stinky blooms on stagnant lakes and ponds
Cynobacteria
Anoxygenic Phototrophs get their electrons for reducing from.
2
Hydrogen sulfide (H²S) & Organic compounds
The pigment in purple bacteria is part of the …
Cell membrane
Which anoxygenic groups prefers H²S as a reducing source (2)
Purple & Green Sulfur bacteria
Purple & Green non-sulfur use ______ as a reducing source
Organic matter
Whose “final product” is Sulfur Granules
Green Sulfur
Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Via ticks / lice
Rickettsia
How does Rickettsia give Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Transfers blood from Infected host to a healthy host
This obligate intracellular bacteria forms a spore like structure.
Transmission between host is easier because of this
Coxiella
Reticulate body: inside cells
Elementary body: outside cells
Chlamydia
Archaea families are aka
Z groups
This Z group or family of archaea that are
Methane producing
Extreme halophiles
Extreme thermophiles
Euryarchaeota
This Z group or family of archaea
Some are hyper Thermophiles
All are Extreme Thermophilic Acidophiles
Crenarchaeota
Some archaea use _____ & ______ as a Final Electron Acceptor to form H²S Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur & Sulfate
Some archaea oxidize Hydrogen gas and use ____ as a final electron acceptor to form Methane CH⁴
CO²
Some archaea are sulfur oxidizers & use Oxygen as a final electron acceptor to form ______
Sulfuric Acid
Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas
And the Genera Thermus & Deinococcus
Have this energy and electron acceptor
Oxidize organic compounds & use O² as a terminal electron acceptor
Most Corynebacterium species and all members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and the genus vibro have this oxygen requirement
Facultative anaerobe
The study of physiological mechanics organisms use to thrive in a given environment
Ecophysiology
This genus of soil living bacteria form a resting cell called a cyst, which can withstand drying and UV but not heat.
Azotobacter
Bacillus and cloatridia are the most common gram-positive bacteria that _______
Form endospores
These aerobic Gram-positive bacteria resemble fungi in their pattern of growth.
Form mycelium call hyphae
At the end have dormant spores called conidia
Streptomyces
These gram-negative rod shapped bacteria cause tumors in plants
Agrobacterium
Gram-negative rod shapped bacteria that often nitrogen fix and form an intimate relationship with legumes
Rhizobia
Azobacter, mycobacteria, and streptomyces all produce…
Dormant cells that tolerate unfavorable conditions
Form chains of cells enclosed within a protective sheath. Swarmer cells move to new locations
Sheathed bacteria- Sphaerotilu, leptothrix
Appendages increase their surface area. Gram negative
Prosthecate bacteria- Caulobacter, Hypomicrobium
Some form symbiotic relationships with specific types of squid and fish. Gram negative
Bioluminescent bacteria
Often resides within protozoa
Legionella
Very large cigar shapped bacteria that multiply by releasing several daughter cells
Epulopiscium
Long spiral shapped bacteria that move by means of endoflagella
Free living spirochetes
Magnetic crystals allow them to move in and out of water
Magnetosprillium
Spiral shapped microaerophilic bacteria
Sprillium
Anaerobic chemolithrotrops use inorganic molecules for energy source and ____ as a terminal electron acceptor. Generating hydrogen sulfide
Anaerobic respiration
Sulfate
Anaerobic chemoorgantrophs use what as both energy use and terminal electron acceptor in Fermentation
Organic molecules
_____ lives in intestine track of poultry and causes diarrhea in humans
C. Jejuni
Bordetella gram negative coccobacilli
Causes
Kennel cough in dog
Coccobacilli found in intestine and gental track of mammals
Important in digestion
Bacteroids
Lack cell wall and cause “walking pneumonia “
Mycoplama
This species causes gonorrhea & meningitis
Neisseria
pathogens caused by ticks are from this species exp. Lyme disease & relapsing fever
Borrelia
Extreme halophiles are from which phylum?
Euryarchaeota
Extreme thermophiles / acidphiles are from this phylum
Crenarchaeota
______ lack cell walls
______ form fruiting bodies
Mycoplasma
Myxobacterium
Virus that can be transmitted to humans from animals
Zoonosis
These transmit diseases by transporting the causative agent from contaminated material on their feet or mouth parts and spreading it for human exposure
Mechanical vectors