Chapter 25: Blood And Lymph Infections Flashcards
An enlarged tender lymph node
Characteristic of the plague and some STDs
Bubo
Uncontrolled release of Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Causes blood vessel leakage and may lead to shock
Cytokine storm
Condition in which clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body
Causing organ failure due to lack of O² and bleeding due to shortage of clotting proteins
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Inflammation of the heart valves or lining of the heart chambers resulting from infection
Infective Endocarditis
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels
Sudden recurrence of worsening symptoms as seen in the cycle of chills, fever, and sweat from malaria
Paroxysm
Purple spots on the skin and mucos membrane caused by blood leakage from small blood vessels
Petechiae
Acute illness caused by an inflammation response that results when pathogens or their products circulate in the blood system
Sepsis
Range of effects that results from a systemic inflammatory response to a blood steam infection or circulating endotoxin; effects include fever, drop in blood pressure, and DIC
Septic shock
An infection of 1 or more heart valves or other surfaces of endocradium.
Predisposing factors
Indwelling catheters
Underlying heart defects / damaged valves
Infective endocarditis
Endocarditis causative agent(s)
S. aureus, S. epidermidis, enterococci, & variety of Streptococcus
Life threatening overreaction of the body’s normally beneficial inflammatory response
Sepsis
Starts from an infection in body tissues, macrophages release Pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial products
Complement activated
Uncontrolled inflammatory response
Leading to shock, hypoxia, and organ failure
Sepsis
Most common type of plague
Results for being bitten by infected flea
High fever and tender lymph nodes called Buboes
With out treatment it will worsen
Bubonic plague
This type of plague
Endotoxins from bacteria result in
High fever, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Leading to Red or Black patches
Gangrene of fingers and toes
Septicemic plague
This plague
Inhalation of respiratory droplets from infected individual or
When organsims in blood enter the lungs
Pneumonic plague
Yersinia pestis causes
Plague
Enlarged lymph nodes and
Rash called: Erythema margins (Bullseye) in 70-80%
This rash may also appear after a bite from a tick that doesn’t transmit this disease
Also, Headache, Muscle ache, fever , Flu-like malaise
Lyme disease
3 - 10 weeks after infection
Rashes varios body parts
Facial paralysis, sever headache, pain moving eyes
Rare cases impaired electrical conduction of heart
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lymes disease
Borrelia burgdorferi causes
Lymes disease
Borrelia burgdorferi is Spirochete morphology
What is unique about its chromosomes
Linera shapped Presents multiple copies
Also, many plasmids
Lipopolysaccharide is
Endotoxin
Black legged deer tick causes
Lymes disease
B. burgdorferi
Which stage of the deer tick life cycle is most responsible for transmitting lymes disease
Nymph
Early localized infection
Bulls eye rash
Early Disseminated infection
Heart and nervous system involvement
Late persistent infection
Chronic arthritis & nervous system impairment
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lymes disease
This organism causes 95% of seafood associated deaths in the US
Vibro vulnificus
Most cases of this are in the Gulf Coast Region but are expanding due to global warming
Vibro vulnificus
Ingested this Bacterial disease is usually mild
People with high iron levels, liver disease, immunodeficiency
Experience bloodstream infection
Fever, chills, skin blisters, sepis & shock, which is often fatal
Vibro vulnificus
Broken skin entry
Blood filled skin blisters called BULLAE develop, progressing to cellulitis and Necrotizing fasciitis
Vibro vulnificus
Zoonotic disease transmitted multiple ways.
Direct contact, arthropod bites, ingested, inhaled.
Potential bioterrorism Category A
Francisella tularenis
Tularemia (Rabbit/ Deer fly fever)
Ulcerglandular is the most common type of Symptoms of this disease
Results in an Ulcer at point of contact
Regional enlarged lymph nodes
Fever, headache, and chills
Tularemia
(Rabbit/ Deer fly fever)
Francisella tularensis
This blood and lymph bacterial infection has 4 causative agents
B. abortus (cattle)
B. canis (dogs)
B. melitenis (goats / sheep)
B. suis (pigs)
Brucellosis
Undulat fever / Bangs Disease
Like Tularemia, this Bacteria is a bioterrorism weapon Category B
Brucella
Undulant fever / Bangs disease
Fevers come and go with this disease.
Most people recover in 2 months without treatment but some develop chronic illness
Brucella
Undulat fever / Bangs Disease
An attenuated vaccine controls this disease in domestic animals
Brucellosis
Undulat fever/ Bangs Disease
Osteomyelitis is a rare but serious complication
Most deaths occur due to
Endocarditis or meningitis
Brucellosis
Undulat fever/ Bangs Disease
Plague is endemic among rodents and is transmitted to humans via…
Flea bites
____ is the most common vector born illness in US
Lymes disease
_____ infections may cause several diseases, particularly in people with High Iron / predisposing conditions
Vibro vulnificus
_____ is a disease of wild animals transmitted to humans via exposure to their blood or tissues, or biting ticks / insects
Tularemia
____ is most commonly a disease of domestic animals, transmitted to humans when individuals handle the animals’ flesh or drink unpasteurized milk
Brucellosis
Mononucleosis, Ebola, and Marburg are transmitted via…
Body fluids
Yellow fever, dengue and sever dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are transmitted via
Mosquitoes
Arthropod-borne RNA virus, carried by vectors such as mosquitoes
Arbovirus
This viral disease is sometimes mistaken for leukemia
Infectious Mononucleosis
Mono / kissing disease
Epstein-Barr virus causes
Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis from (Epstein-Barr virus) infects these cells
B lymphocytes
(Latent or Productive) is the most common form of Infections Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus)
Latent
Pathogenesis
Productive infection of epithelial cells of throat and salvia ducts,
Productive and latent infection of B lymphocytes
Hemmorage from ruptured spleen, rare but serious
Spread by saliva
Life Long reoccurring shedding of virus of latent infected individuals
This VIRAL INFECTION OF THE BLOOD AND LYMPH
Infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr virus
Ebola & Marburg virus both have a virus that shares their name
Which family do they belong to
Filovirdae
Pathogenesis
Little is known
Infect phagocytes as well as other cells
Infection interfere with innate and adaptive immune response.
Allowing virus to replicate quickly
Blood clotting disrupted leading to Hemorrhaging
Ebola & Marburg disease
Fruit bats in Africa are the likely reservoir for this Virus of the Blood and lymph system
But it is unknown
Ebola & Marburg
Is there a vaccine for Ebola and Marburg
Yes, but it’s experimental
Symptoms of this Viral Blood and Lymph infection
Black vomit & jaundice
Yellow fever
Family flavivirdea
Arbovirus from mosquito bites
Petechiae (Small purple spots on skin and mucous membranes)
Travles to the liver (jaundice)
Kidney failure
Pathogenesis of….
Yellow fever
Main reservoir for this Viral Blood infection is Primates in South America & Africa
Yellow fever
Does yellow fever have a vaccine
Yes
This arbovirus is aka Break Bone fever
Dengue
Causative agents
DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4
Dengue and sever dengue
Details of the pathogenesis are not well understood because there are no animal models for the disease
Dengue
A phenomenon in which previous formed antibodies of 1 serotype of a virus facilitate infection of a different serotype (ADE)
Is the pathogenesis of this disease
Sever dengue
The critical feature of ____ is plasma leakage caused by increased blood vessel permeability
Viral infection
Sever dengue
Aedas aegypti is the cause of these two viral infections
Dengue & yellow fever
This viral disease causes bad posture in African people
Chikungunya
Chikungunya Is a virus that causes bad posture.
It is from this family
Togaviridae
This viral disease causes Microcephaly
Zika
Virus enter the body
Fever, rash joint pain, RED EYES
Zika virus
Can zika be spread by sex
Yes
In general Asprins and non-steroidal pain pills should be avoided during a viral infection
T or F
T
This virus can involve damage to the fetus
Zika virus
____ newly emerging disease that, like dengue, causes sever joint pain
Chikungunya
____ is the most common vector born virus in the world, similar to, but milder than, yellow fever
Dengue
This is a protozoan caused infection of Blood and Lymph
Malaria
Signs
Reconcurrent cycles of intense chills and fevers alternating with feeling healthy
Causative agent
5 species of Plasmodium
Malaria
Malaria can be transmitted person to person or by bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes
T or F
T
Treatment for this protozoan disease is ACTs
Malaria
____ is often spread from normal microbiota in people with indwelling catheters or heart abnormalities IV drug use
Infective endocarditis
____ is an infectious-induced systemic inflammatory response, common in health care illnesss, underlying health issue often to blame
Sepsis
___ is transmitted to humans from fleas.
____ is transmitted from person to person via aerosols
If bacteria enters the bloodstream, _____ may occur
Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague
Septicemic plague
Aedes mosquito & monkeys
The disease involves heart and blood vessels,fever, jaundice, hemorrhages
Attenuated vaccine available
Viral
Yellow fever
Dengue vaccine is available for whom
People that already had dengue
To prevent 2ndary more serious infection
Erythema margins are associated with..
Lymes disease
Bordetella burgdorferi
