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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 24: GI Tract Infections > Flashcards

Chapter 24: GI Tract Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

John Snow demonstrated that Cholera is transmitted from

A

Contaminated water

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2
Q

GI tract refers to

A

Stomach and intestines

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3
Q

Hollow tube from mouth to anus is called

A

Digestive tract

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4
Q

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas are collectively known as

A

Accessory Organs to the GI tract

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5
Q

Mouth, Salivary Glands, Esophagus, Stomach make up…

A

Upper digestive system

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6
Q

Dental caries are aka

A

Cavities

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7
Q

Gingivitis is when…

A

Gums become inflamed

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8
Q

Muscular tube from mouth to stomach

A

Esophagus

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9
Q

Mucus and saliva containing secretory Ig___ bathes the lining of the esophagus

A

A

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10
Q

Small and large intestines, pancreas, liver all make up the

A

Lower digestive system

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11
Q

What increases the surface area in the small intestines

A

Villi and microvilli

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12
Q

Streptococcus mutans cause which bacterial disease of the upper digestive tract

A

Dental caries (cavities)

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13
Q

Streptococcus mutant convert Sucrose and other sugars into Extracellular Insoluble Polysaccharides called

A

Glucans

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14
Q

_____ essential for development of dental caries on smooth tooth surfaces

A

Glucan

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15
Q

Periodontal disease includes these 2 illnesses

A

Gingivitis & Chronic periodontist

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16
Q

Chronic periodontist: destructive response that damages structures that support teeth: Destroys ______ that tie surface of tooth to bone

A

Periodontal Ligaments

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17
Q

Gums tender, bleed easily is called

A

Gingivitis

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18
Q

Bad breath, red shiny gums bleed easy, loosening of teeth (Periodontal ligaments errode) are hallmarks of this…

A

Chronic periodontist

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19
Q

The causative agent of Periodontal disease is mostly….

A

Gram-negative anaerobes

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20
Q

What percentage of 65 year Olds have periodontal disease

A

90%

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21
Q

Trench month / Meth month’s proper name is

A

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

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22
Q

Which type of bacteria are most likely to be in the mouth

A

Anaerobes

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23
Q

This morphology of bacteria invade gum tissue and cause Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A

Spirochete

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24
Q

Stomach ulcers are caused by this bacteria

A

Helicobacter pylori gastritis

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25
Q

How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted

A

Fecal via oral route & well water

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26
Q

How do antibiotics + medication help with helicopylori

A

Inhibit acid production

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27
Q

This Viral disease of the upper digestive system called Oral Herpes Simplex consists of these (2)

A

Cold sores & fever blisters

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28
Q

Herpes simplex virus 1 affects this area

And HSV 2 affects this area

Generally, but both can affect either

A
  1. Oral
  2. Genital
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29
Q

Herpes simplex virus hides where in a latent form

A

Nerve cells

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30
Q

Herpes can be transmitted by fomites

T or F

A

T

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31
Q

Acyclovir targets HSV in this method & doesn’t affect latent virus

A

DNA polymerase

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32
Q

This Virus of the Upper digestive system is marked by

Swelling of Parotid Glands
Spasms of muscles in front of ear talking and chewing difficult

After puberty

Orchitis swelling of testicles 3 -4 times normal size

A

Mumps

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33
Q

Mumps a viral disease of the upper digestive tract can spread how long before and after symptoms

A

1 week before

2 weeks after

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34
Q

Gastroenteritis is better know as this

A

Stomach flu

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35
Q

In Dysentery associated with Gastroenteritis this is found in the stool

A

Blood and pus

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36
Q

In Gastroenteritis

_____ cause water and electorate loss

_____ cause cell death

A

Enterotoxins

Cytotoxins

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37
Q

Treatment for Gastroenteritis is

A

Oral rehydration therapy

Counter act the loss of fluid and electrolytes

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38
Q

This Bacterial disease of the lower digestive tract can amount to 20 liters of diarrea per day

Caused by Vibrio ____

A

Cholerae

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39
Q

This Bacterial disease has a high infectious dose_____

And a vibro shapped bacteria

A

Cholera

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40
Q

Vibro Cholera has this type of toxin

A

A/B

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41
Q

Fecal contaminated water most common causes of this Bacterial infection of the lower digestive tract

Foods including crab, oysters, vegetables implicated

A

Vibro Cholera

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42
Q

This Bacterial disease of the lower digestive tract has 4 causative agents

S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei (Ordered from most to least virulent)

A

Shigellosis

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43
Q

specialized intestinal epithelial cells that are primarily found overlying GALT lymphoid follicles such as the Peyer’s patches in the ileum

A

M cells

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44
Q

These pathogens attach to specific receptors

Induce uptake by epithelial cells, multiply, cause actin polymerization to Propel cell to cell: Limiting exposure to immune system

A

Shigellosis

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45
Q

Some strains of Shigellosis produce Shiga toxin, this type of toxin_____ responsibile for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

HUS may cause Anemia and Kidney failure

A

A-B toxin

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46
Q

Gastroenteritis A Bacterial disease of the lower digestive system is caused by

A

Escherichia coli

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47
Q

Stains of E coli

____ strains from food contaminated with cow manure

A

STEC

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48
Q

E coli strains

____ causes diarrhea in infants and visitors to developing countries

A

ETEC

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49
Q

E coli stains

Primary cause of disease in young children in developing countries; not easily spread by direct control contact

A

EIEC

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50
Q

Salmonella enterica is the causative agent of this Bacterial disease of the lower digestive tract

A

Salmonella gastroenteritis

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51
Q

Children infected by pet reptiles is a common route of transmission of this bacteria

A

Salmonella enterica

52
Q

Antimicrobial medications are not usually advised for this type of Lower Digestive tract disease

A

Salmonella

53
Q

Examples of Enteric Fevers: systemic diseases that originate in the

A

Intenstines

54
Q

Other _____ species –> Typhoid and Paratypoid fever

A

Salmonella

55
Q

Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi are Gram-negative members of this family of bacteria

A

Enterobacteriaceae

56
Q

This lower bacterial digestive disease causes constipation, internal bleeding, which can lead to death.

A

Typhoid fever & paratyphoid fever

57
Q

Campylobacteriosis

Fever diarrhea, vomiting

Dysentery in 1/2 cases

Is caused by this gram-negative rod

A

Campylobacter jejuni

58
Q

Campylobacteriosis

Is most commonly spread by food born illnesses

Lives in the intestine tract of _____

Low infectious dose

A

Poultry

Campylobacter jejuni

59
Q

Antibiotic associated diarrhea is known as

A

Clostridium difficle

60
Q

More serious cases of this bacterial infection of the lower digestive tract can progress to Colitis

Producing pseudomembranes colitis

A

Clostridium difícil

61
Q

This disease of the lower digestive tract forms endospores

A

Clostridium difficile

62
Q

Most viral gastroenteritis worldwide in infants and children is caused by…

A

Rotavirus

63
Q

Most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the US

Class B bioterrorism agent

A

Norovirus gastroenteritis

64
Q

Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses in Caliciviridae

Name this Viral infection of the lower digestive tract

A

Norovirus

65
Q

Transmission of this virus by fecal-oral route, but also by aerosols and fomites

Highly contagious few than 20 virions

Common on cruise ships and dorms

MORE THAN 50% of food born illnesses from this Virus

A

Norovirus

66
Q

This virus has double walled caspid
Double stranded RNA
Attenuated vaccine

While this one,
Single stranded RNA genome
Low infectious dose, epidemics common
No vaccine

A

Rotavirus

Norovirus

67
Q

Atleast __ unrelated viruses can cause hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver

A

5

68
Q

Most noticeable sign of hepatitis

A

Jaundice

69
Q

Hepatitis A aka ______

Acute illness

Older children and adults show symptoms

Young children are asymptomatic

A

Infectious hepatitis

70
Q

Hepatitis B aka ______

Ranges from asymptomatic to sever

Can become chronic 1 in 5 develop Cirrhosis which is ______

A

Serum hepatitis

Scarring of the liver

71
Q

This is the most Mild hepatitis

A

C

72
Q

No envelope single-stranded RNA virus of Picornavirde virus causes

A

Hepatitis A

73
Q

This hepatitis is most likely from a server not washing their hands

A

Hepatitis A

74
Q

Member of the Hepadnavirisae cause

A

Hepatitis B

75
Q

Flavivirdae causes this

A

Hepatitis C

76
Q

Which hepatitis doesn’t have a vaccine but uses Direct Acting Antivirals to interfer with specific Hepatitis encoded proteins

A

Hepatitis C

77
Q

Which hepatitis is from fecal oral

Which is from blood / semen

A

A fecal

B / C blood / semen (semen is only a possibility in C)

78
Q

This hepatitis is usually mild
Full recovery
No chronic carriers

A

A

79
Q

This hepatitis can lead to Chronic disease (Cirrhosis & Cancer)
Can cross placenta
Vaccine available

A

B

80
Q

Few or no symptoms
Can lead to Cirrhosis or Cancer
Chronic carriers
No vaccine

Type of hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C

81
Q

This hepatitis

Blood semen
No vaccine
Prior HBV infection needed
Can Worsen hepatitis B
Cross the placenta

A

Hepatitis D

82
Q

This hepatitis

Fecal oral
No vaccine
Similar to hepatitis A
Except server disease in pregnant women

A

Hepatitis E

83
Q

This Protzoan disease of the lower digestive tract

Has 2 forms: Growing/ Feeding ____
Dormant ______

A

Giardia lamblia

Trophozoite / cyst

84
Q

Hikers drinking from a stream are at risk for this…

A

Giardiasis

85
Q

Does chlorination destroy Giardia cysts

A

No, they must be filtered out

86
Q

The causative agent for this Protozan disease is Entamoeba histolytica

A

Ambiasis

87
Q

Can Giardia lambila be transmitted from person to person

A

Yes

88
Q

Entamoeba histolytica which causes the disease Amebiasis

Can penetrante intestine lining causing bloody diarrhea called

A

Amebic dysentery

89
Q

Which is the feeding form of the Protozoans

A

Trophozites

90
Q

Helicobacter survives acidic stomach acid by secreting _____, which breaks urea into carbon dioxide and Ammonia.

Ammonia _____ stomach acid

They use flagella to penetrante the mucous layer and attach to epithelium

Stomach acids damage exposed tissue, causing ___

A

Urease

Neutralizes

An ulcer

91
Q

______ increase secretion of water and electrolytes.

_____ cause cell death

A

Enterotoxins

Cytotoxins

92
Q

Hepatitis ___ has declined since 1995 (vaccine invented) but was the most common type until 2005.

Hepatitis ___ declined since mid 80s but is the most common type since 2005

Hepatitis __ is the least common type, but incidents have increased since 2012

A

A, B, C

93
Q

Giardia ____ enter the mouth and pass through the acid stomach to the lower intestine where ____ are relased and multiply.

Dehydration in large intestine stimulates ____ development.

Which will mature and be eliminated from the feces

A

Cysts / trophozoites / cysts

94
Q

paramyxovirus is the family in which this upper digestive tract virus comes from.

A

Mumps

95
Q

paramyxoviruses causes these 3 viruses

1 of the upper digestive system
&
1 of the lower respitory system
&
1 of the skin

A

Mumps

RSV

Rubeola (measles)

96
Q

Where does typhoid and paratyphoid come from.

A

Bacteria

Salmonella

97
Q

What are cariogenic plaques

A

Decay on teeth

98
Q

Pathogenesis of this disease is by calcium salts

A

Periodontal disease

99
Q

3 types of enterobacteria rods

1 vibro

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Escherichia

Chlorea

100
Q

Which enterobacter causes cell death

A

Shigella

101
Q

Pathogenesis

Large number must be ingested

Attaches to epithelial of small intestine

Multiply on epithelial cells

Produce a/b exotoxin

A

Cholera

102
Q

Is there a vaccine for cholera

A

Yes

103
Q

Sever “Rice water” diarrhea is associated with

A

Cholera

104
Q

Symptoms

Bloody diarrhea
Fever
Joint pain
Convulsiones

A

Shigellosis

105
Q

Pathogenesis

Phagocytosis by macrophages

Released and enter Epithelial cells

Inside host phagosome Multiply & Kill host cells

A

Shigellosis

106
Q

Small dose needed
Not killed by stomach acid
Fecal to oral transmission

No vaccine

A

Shigellosis

107
Q

Ecoli

Adhere to and colonize on intestinal epithelium

A

ETEC Entrotoxicgenic

108
Q

E coli (similar to Shigella)

Enters intestinal epithelial cells
Multiply inside, exit & infect other cells

A

EIEC Enteoinvasive

109
Q

E coli

Diarrhea outbreaks in hospitals
Loss of microvilli
Epithelial surface thickens
Loss of ability to absorb nutrients

A

EPEC EnteroPathogenic

110
Q

E coli

Sever Bloody diarrhea
Toxins cause death of intestinal epithelium

A

EHEC Enterohemorrhagic

111
Q

This lower digestive Bacterial disease from animal sources is mild

From humans is fatal

A

Salmonella

112
Q

Removal of the gall Bladder to stop carriers is this lower digestive tract bacteria

A

Salmonella typhii

113
Q

How many trophocytes exit from each cyst

A

2

114
Q

Pathogenesis

May cover intestine surface and prevent absorption

Bulky fatty feces

Gas due to bacterial breakdown

A

Giardia lamblia

115
Q

Inflammation of gums and tissue around roots of teeth is called Periodontal disease

Bleeding gums
Bad breath
Gums recede

The Pathogenesis is____

A

Calcium salts (Dental Calculus)
Causes gingivitis
Bacteria release Hyaluronidase & Collagenase to disolve periodontal ligaments

116
Q

Gastritis which can lead to Ulcers
And produces dark colored stool is from the organism

A

Helicobacter pylori

117
Q

Which bacteria can be found in humans and well water

A

H. Pylori

118
Q

Mumps, Rubeola, and RSV all share…

A

paramyxovirus

119
Q

This virus can enter the Parotid Gland, Meninges, Testies, Ovaries, Pancreas

(GI tract infection)

A

Mumps (paramyxovirus)

120
Q

After having mumps (paramyxovirus) does a person develop immunity

(GI tract infection)

A

Yes

121
Q

Cholera has an AB exotoxin which…

A

A: (Entreotoxin) forces intestinal cells to pump out water and electrolytes

B: Binds

122
Q

Salmonella requires a high or low amount of organisms to create an infection

A

High

123
Q

Salmonella bacterial _____ allow entry into epithelial cells

A

Secretion system

124
Q

Most common water born illness in USA

A

Giardia Lamblia

125
Q

Giardia lamblia can be passed from person to person and has a (high / low) amount of organisms needed for infection

A

Low

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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