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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 19: Epidemiology > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Epidemiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The proportion of susceptible persons developing illness in a population exposed to an infectious agent

A

Attack rate

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2
Q

The proportion of persons diagnosed with a specific disease who die from that disease

A

Case-fatality rate

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3
Q

Infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

A

Communicable disease

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4
Q

A disease or other occurrence that is constantly present in a population

A

Endemic

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5
Q

Number of New cases of a disease or condition in a population at risk during a specified time period

A

Incidence

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6
Q

Morbidity

A

Illness

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7
Q

Death, often expressed as the rate of death in a defined population

A

Mortality

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8
Q

A group of cases occurring during a brief time period and affecting a specific population

A

Outbreak

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9
Q

An epidemic that has spread around the world

A

Pandemic

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10
Q

Total number of cases of a disease or condition in a given population at a point in time or over a specific time period

A

Prevalece

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11
Q

The natural habitat of a pathogen; sum of the potential sources of an infectious agent

A

Reservoir of infection

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12
Q

The study of the distribution and causes of disease in a population

A

Epidemiology

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13
Q

This term is the average number of secondary cases that develop from a single case in a susceptible population

A

Basic reproductive number

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14
Q

Which (incidence/ prevalence) provides a measure of the risk that an individual will contract the disease

A

Incidence

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15
Q

Verticle disease transmission is…
Horizontal disease transmission is…

A

Vertical mother to child
Horizontal Person to Person

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16
Q

Is projection of droplets onto mucus membranes considered Direct Transmission

A

No, according to the teacher

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17
Q

Airborne
Vehicle borne
Vector borne

Are this type of transmission

A

Indirect

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18
Q

Study that characterizes a disease outbreak by determining the attributes of the person affected as well as the place and time

A

Descriptive study

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19
Q

A graph that illustrates the progress of an outbreak by showing the distribution of the cases over time

A

Epidemic curve

20
Q

Outbreak of disease in which the infectious agent is transmitted to others, resulting in steadily increasing numbers of people becoming ill

A

Propagated epidmic

21
Q

First Identified case of a disease in an epidmic

A

Index case

22
Q

Outbreak of disease due to contaminated food, water, or other single source of an infectious agent

A

Common-source epidemic

23
Q

____ epidemics are more common in winter due to people being inside

____ epidemics are more common in summer due to picnics and mosquitoes

A

Propagated

Common-source

24
Q

____ are designed to determine which of the potential risk factors Identified by the descriptive studies are actually relevant in the spread of disease

A

Analytical studies

25
Q

In epidemiology a study that compares activities of people who developed a disease with those of people who did not

A

Case-control study

26
Q

These studies don’t try to establish the cause of a disease, but instead seek to identify risk factors for the disease

A

Cross-sectional

27
Q

An epidemiological study to see if previously identified risk factors actually predict a tendency to develop the disease

A

Cohort study

28
Q

A type of study done to access the effectiveness of measures to prevent or treat disease

A

Experimental study

29
Q

Which agency _____ with local and state public health dept monitors disease development

A

CDC

30
Q

Infectious disease that is increasing in incidence or geographic region

A

Emerging infectious disease

31
Q

Nosocomial infection is better known as

A

Health care infections

32
Q

A disease that has a much higher incidence than usual

A

Epidemic

33
Q

A ___ carries a microbe on its body; a pathogen can multiply within a ______

A

Mechanical vector
Biological vector

34
Q

The dose
The incubation period
Host population
Environment

Are all factors that influence

A

Epidemiology of disease

35
Q

Determining the time that the illness occurred helps distinguish a ________ from a ________

A

Common-source epidemic/ propagated epidemic

36
Q

_____ survey a range of people at a defined point in time

A

Cross sectional studies

37
Q

____ compares groups to determine if the identified risk factors predict a tendency to develop disease

A

Cohort studies

38
Q

____ fever in 1841 caused bacterial infection in women after child birth

A

Puereperal

39
Q

% of population affected

A

Rate of disease

40
Q

% of people EXPOSED to disease which become infected

A

Rate of attack

41
Q

Cases of illness in a given time ÷ by the population at risk

A

Morbidity rate

42
Q

Total number of old and new cases in a population at risk

A

Prevalence

43
Q

5 principles of epidemiology

  1. Communicable Disease
  2. Reservoir of infection
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Transmission to next host
  5. _________
A

Portal of entry

44
Q

Yersinia pestis carried by rodents is better known as

A

The plague
Black plague
Bubonic plague

45
Q

Leptospirosis define

A

A bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals.

Humans can be affected

46
Q

Pathogen small than ____ microns may travel to the lungs

A

10

47
Q

These percentages of Vaccinated/ Recovered people make up herd immunity

A

70 - 90%

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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