Chapter 19: Epidemiology Flashcards
The proportion of susceptible persons developing illness in a population exposed to an infectious agent
Attack rate
The proportion of persons diagnosed with a specific disease who die from that disease
Case-fatality rate
Infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
Communicable disease
A disease or other occurrence that is constantly present in a population
Endemic
Number of New cases of a disease or condition in a population at risk during a specified time period
Incidence
Morbidity
Illness
Death, often expressed as the rate of death in a defined population
Mortality
A group of cases occurring during a brief time period and affecting a specific population
Outbreak
An epidemic that has spread around the world
Pandemic
Total number of cases of a disease or condition in a given population at a point in time or over a specific time period
Prevalece
The natural habitat of a pathogen; sum of the potential sources of an infectious agent
Reservoir of infection
The study of the distribution and causes of disease in a population
Epidemiology
This term is the average number of secondary cases that develop from a single case in a susceptible population
Basic reproductive number
Which (incidence/ prevalence) provides a measure of the risk that an individual will contract the disease
Incidence
Verticle disease transmission is…
Horizontal disease transmission is…
Vertical mother to child
Horizontal Person to Person
Is projection of droplets onto mucus membranes considered Direct Transmission
No, according to the teacher
Airborne
Vehicle borne
Vector borne
Are this type of transmission
Indirect
Study that characterizes a disease outbreak by determining the attributes of the person affected as well as the place and time
Descriptive study
A graph that illustrates the progress of an outbreak by showing the distribution of the cases over time
Epidemic curve
Outbreak of disease in which the infectious agent is transmitted to others, resulting in steadily increasing numbers of people becoming ill
Propagated epidmic
First Identified case of a disease in an epidmic
Index case
Outbreak of disease due to contaminated food, water, or other single source of an infectious agent
Common-source epidemic
____ epidemics are more common in winter due to people being inside
____ epidemics are more common in summer due to picnics and mosquitoes
Propagated
Common-source
____ are designed to determine which of the potential risk factors Identified by the descriptive studies are actually relevant in the spread of disease
Analytical studies
In epidemiology a study that compares activities of people who developed a disease with those of people who did not
Case-control study
These studies don’t try to establish the cause of a disease, but instead seek to identify risk factors for the disease
Cross-sectional
An epidemiological study to see if previously identified risk factors actually predict a tendency to develop the disease
Cohort study
A type of study done to access the effectiveness of measures to prevent or treat disease
Experimental study
Which agency _____ with local and state public health dept monitors disease development
CDC
Infectious disease that is increasing in incidence or geographic region
Emerging infectious disease
Nosocomial infection is better known as
Health care infections
A disease that has a much higher incidence than usual
Epidemic
A ___ carries a microbe on its body; a pathogen can multiply within a ______
Mechanical vector
Biological vector
The dose
The incubation period
Host population
Environment
Are all factors that influence
Epidemiology of disease
Determining the time that the illness occurred helps distinguish a ________ from a ________
Common-source epidemic/ propagated epidemic
_____ survey a range of people at a defined point in time
Cross sectional studies
____ compares groups to determine if the identified risk factors predict a tendency to develop disease
Cohort studies
____ fever in 1841 caused bacterial infection in women after child birth
Puereperal
% of population affected
Rate of disease
% of people EXPOSED to disease which become infected
Rate of attack
Cases of illness in a given time ÷ by the population at risk
Morbidity rate
Total number of old and new cases in a population at risk
Prevalence
5 principles of epidemiology
- Communicable Disease
- Reservoir of infection
- Portal of exit
- Transmission to next host
- _________
Portal of entry
Yersinia pestis carried by rodents is better known as
The plague
Black plague
Bubonic plague
Leptospirosis define
A bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals.
Humans can be affected
Pathogen small than ____ microns may travel to the lungs
10
These percentages of Vaccinated/ Recovered people make up herd immunity
70 - 90%
