Chapter 18: Immunological Disorders Flashcards
A damaging immune response to a typically harmless environmental antigen
Allergy
Damaging reaction to the immune system against self antigens
Auto immune disease
Exaggerated immune response of antigen-specific T cells
Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Type IV
Allergy treatment that induces IgG production by gradual exposure to small amounts of allergen; IgG competes with IgE
Desensitization
Exaggerated immune response that damages tissues
Hypersensitivity
Combination of antibody and soluble antigens capable of triggering the classical pathway of complement system activation are called.. (name of the complex)
Immune Complex
A Condition in which the immune system does not provide an adequate response
Immunodeficiency
Potentially life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE attached to circulating Basophils
Systematic Anaphylaxis
Rapid exaggerated immune response involving Ige, commonly referred to as an alergic reaction or simply an allergy
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Allergic reactions can only occur in people who have already been sensitized due to…
A previous encounter with the specific allergin
Type 1 hypersensitivity results from class switching that gives rise to Ig___ producing plasma cells
IgE
Sensitivity in Type 1 allergies
The Fc part of the IgE antibodies binds to receptors in either ____ or _____ cells
Basophils or mast cells
Histamine, leukotrienes, Prostaglandin are all found in…
Basophils and mast cells
Cross-linking of the IgE molecules triggers the cell to….
Degranulate
1st exposure to an allergen induces an IgE antibody response, leading to …
Sensitization
Hives (urticaria) are charactized by the formation of a____ and ____
Wheal: Itchy Swelling
Flare: Red portion
Loss of blood pressure and circulation caused by a severe allergic reaction charactized by dilation of blood vessels
Anaphylactic shock
A procedure that causes the immune system to produce IgG against an allergen, which bind to the allergen, instead of IgE bound to mast cells or Basophils
Desensitization
Results when antibodies bind to molecules on the surface of a normal host cell and trigger its destruction by the complement system or by antibody-depedent cellular cytotoxicity
Type II hypersensitivity
A blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies
A antigens
B antibodies
B blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies
B antigens
A antibodies
AB blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies
AB antigens
No antibodies
O blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies
No Antigens
A&B antibodies
A person with RhD (surface protein) is referred to as ….
A person without RhD is called
Rh-positive
Rh-negative
Rh positive can receive blood from someone who is Rh negative,
negative blood types cannot receive from anyone with a positive blood type.
True or False
True
Disease of the fetus or newborn caused by transplancental passage of maternal antibodies against the baby’s red blood cells, resulting in erythroblastosis fetalis
Hemolytic disease of new borns
A Rh negative woman who carries an Rh positive child will the first child experience problems?
How about the following
No
Yes, unless injected with RhoGam
This is characterized by tissue damage caused by the activation of complement proteins in response to antigen-antibody complexes lodging in that tissue
Type III hypersensitivity
ImmuneComplexes are when an antibody and antigen combine.
When are they eaten by phagocities
When they are large
ImmuneComplexes are when an antibody and antigen combine.
These complex activate _____which causes what
Complement
Basophils to degranulate
When basophils degranulate vaso_____ happens
When neutrophils degranulate what happens…
Vasodilation
Tissue damage
A localized immune complex reaction that occurs when antigen is injected into a previously immunized person who already has high level of circulating specific antibodies
Arthus reaction
Systemic immune complex disease that can result from passive immunization using animal serum; antibodies form against antigens in the serum
Serum sickness
A T cell-mediated inflammation of the skin occurring as a result of contact with the particular antigen, a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity
Allergic contact dermatitis
_____ are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein
Hapten
This type of hypersensitivity results in lysis of the cell
Type II
This type of hypersensitivity arise when immune complexes persist in the tissue and activate the complement system, triggering an autoimmune response
Type III hypersensitivity
This type of sensitivity is delayed-type and depends on the action of sensitized T cellls
Type IV
What is the effector in all hypersensitivity except Delayed-type Cell-mediated
B cells
In Delayed-type cell-mediated it’s T cells
Type of antbody in Type I hypersensitivity
IgE
Type of antibodies used in type II & III
IgG IgM
Autoimmune disease may lead to the production of auto antibodies, which do what?
Antibodies that bind to “self” molecules
Rheumatoid Arthritis & Lupus erythematosus are examples of
Systemic autoimmune diseases
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that causes …
Over-activation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, Goiter, and bulging eyes
This disease is autoimmune and involves auto antibodies blocking the acetylcholine receptors in muscles, rendering them ineffective.
Myasthenia Graves
This autoimmune disease affects the CNS, the myelin sheath, leading to paralysis
Multiple sclerosis
This autoimmune disease is caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by cytotoxic cells
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Sever combined immunodeficiency & DiGeorge syndrome are both this type of immunodeficiency
Lymphocytes deficiency
One of the most common immunodeficiency is Antibody deficiency where this antibody under produced
IgA
Defects of phagocytes where they are unable to produce _____ is an immunodeficiency
Reactive Oxygen Species
What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency
Primary at birth
Secondary Acquired usually through cancer or a virus
What is destroyed in AIDS
Helper T cells
Hives, hay fever, asthma are all this type of allergic reaction
Localized
____ occurs when specific antigens react with IgE bound to mast cells or basophils, causing the cell to degranulate.
Type I hypersensitivity
____ aka cytotoxic reactions, occur when antibodies bound to the surface of a host cell trigger its destruction by Complement Proteins or by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Type II hypersensitivity
This type of hypersensitivity is mediated by small immune complexes that activate complement, attracting neutrophils, and contributing to inflammation
Type III hypersensitivity
_____ are due to antigen-specific T-cell responses and can occur almost anywhere in the body.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity aka
Type IV hypersensitivity
Response against autoantigens can lead to ______
Autoimmune disease
4 types of Hypersensitivity
Immune Complex Mediated
Cytotoxic
Delayed Cell-Mediated
IgE
3
2
4
1
This type of immunoglobulin is important in protection against worms and other parasite
IgE
In alergic people Ig____ is produced instead of Ig___
IgE instead of IgG
Allergic Rhinitis is aka
Hay fever
Rh negative person who is exposed to Rh positive will produce ____ to destroy the Rh positive cells
Anti Rh antibodies
Without Rhogam the mother produces anti Rh antibodies that will attack the Rh positive child causing what disease
Anemia
Immune Complexs (antigen / antibody) that are large are destroyed how.
Phagocytes
An example of type IV Delayed-type T cell mediated hypersensitivity is ____ where the skin comes into contact with an allergen
Contact Dermatitis
Allografts are these
Tissue ans organ transplants
Today immune suppressants affect only this type of immunity
Cellular Immunity
Hashimoto and Graves disease are autoimmune diseases that affect (this organ)
Thyroid
Rheumatoid arthritis destroys
Hyaline joint Cartilage
Myasthenia Graves affects the transmission of this chemical messenger
Acetylcholine
In this syndrome the Thymus fails to develop hence no mature T cells
DiGeorge syndrome
Cancer in the lymph tissue is called
Multiple Myeloma
This is the most common Immune Deficiency disorder
Lack of IgA 1 in 700 people
Cyclosporin (immune suppresent) specifically interferes with …
T cells
Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the skin
Characterized by wheal and flair
Peak 4 to 6 hours after exposure
Require complement activation
Due to an effector T cell response
Depend on activities of the Fc portion of antibodies
Due to an effector T cell response
All of the following are used to treat autoimmune disease except
Immunosuppressive drugs
Surgery
Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Replacement therapy, insulin in diabetes
Antibiotics
Which types of Hypersensitivity reactions are B cells involved
I, II, III
NOT type IV
