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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 18: Immunological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Immunological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

A damaging immune response to a typically harmless environmental antigen

A

Allergy

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2
Q

Damaging reaction to the immune system against self antigens

A

Auto immune disease

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3
Q

Exaggerated immune response of antigen-specific T cells

A

Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Type IV

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4
Q

Allergy treatment that induces IgG production by gradual exposure to small amounts of allergen; IgG competes with IgE

A

Desensitization

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5
Q

Exaggerated immune response that damages tissues

A

Hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Combination of antibody and soluble antigens capable of triggering the classical pathway of complement system activation are called.. (name of the complex)

A

Immune Complex

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7
Q

A Condition in which the immune system does not provide an adequate response

A

Immunodeficiency

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8
Q

Potentially life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE attached to circulating Basophils

A

Systematic Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Rapid exaggerated immune response involving Ige, commonly referred to as an alergic reaction or simply an allergy

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Allergic reactions can only occur in people who have already been sensitized due to…

A

A previous encounter with the specific allergin

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11
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity results from class switching that gives rise to Ig___ producing plasma cells

A

IgE

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12
Q

Sensitivity in Type 1 allergies

The Fc part of the IgE antibodies binds to receptors in either ____ or _____ cells

A

Basophils or mast cells

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13
Q

Histamine, leukotrienes, Prostaglandin are all found in…

A

Basophils and mast cells

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14
Q

Cross-linking of the IgE molecules triggers the cell to….

A

Degranulate

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15
Q

1st exposure to an allergen induces an IgE antibody response, leading to …

A

Sensitization

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16
Q

Hives (urticaria) are charactized by the formation of a____ and ____

A

Wheal: Itchy Swelling
Flare: Red portion

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17
Q

Loss of blood pressure and circulation caused by a severe allergic reaction charactized by dilation of blood vessels

A

Anaphylactic shock

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18
Q

A procedure that causes the immune system to produce IgG against an allergen, which bind to the allergen, instead of IgE bound to mast cells or Basophils

A

Desensitization

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19
Q

Results when antibodies bind to molecules on the surface of a normal host cell and trigger its destruction by the complement system or by antibody-depedent cellular cytotoxicity

A

Type II hypersensitivity

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20
Q

A blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

A antigens
B antibodies

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21
Q

B blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

B antigens
A antibodies

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22
Q

AB blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

AB antigens
No antibodies

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23
Q

O blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

No Antigens
A&B antibodies

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24
Q

A person with RhD (surface protein) is referred to as ….

A person without RhD is called

A

Rh-positive
Rh-negative

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25
Q

Rh positive can receive blood from someone who is Rh negative,

negative blood types cannot receive from anyone with a positive blood type.

True or False

A

True

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26
Q

Disease of the fetus or newborn caused by transplancental passage of maternal antibodies against the baby’s red blood cells, resulting in erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Hemolytic disease of new borns

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27
Q

A Rh negative woman who carries an Rh positive child will the first child experience problems?

How about the following

A

No

Yes, unless injected with RhoGam

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28
Q

This is characterized by tissue damage caused by the activation of complement proteins in response to antigen-antibody complexes lodging in that tissue

A

Type III hypersensitivity

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29
Q

ImmuneComplexes are when an antibody and antigen combine.

When are they eaten by phagocities

A

When they are large

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30
Q

ImmuneComplexes are when an antibody and antigen combine.

These complex activate _____which causes what

A

Complement

Basophils to degranulate

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31
Q

When basophils degranulate vaso_____ happens

When neutrophils degranulate what happens…

A

Vasodilation

Tissue damage

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32
Q

A localized immune complex reaction that occurs when antigen is injected into a previously immunized person who already has high level of circulating specific antibodies

A

Arthus reaction

33
Q

Systemic immune complex disease that can result from passive immunization using animal serum; antibodies form against antigens in the serum

A

Serum sickness

34
Q

A T cell-mediated inflammation of the skin occurring as a result of contact with the particular antigen, a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

35
Q

_____ are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein

A

Hapten

36
Q

This type of hypersensitivity results in lysis of the cell

A

Type II

37
Q

This type of hypersensitivity arise when immune complexes persist in the tissue and activate the complement system, triggering an autoimmune response

A

Type III hypersensitivity

38
Q

This type of sensitivity is delayed-type and depends on the action of sensitized T cellls

A

Type IV

39
Q

What is the effector in all hypersensitivity except Delayed-type Cell-mediated

A

B cells

In Delayed-type cell-mediated it’s T cells

40
Q

Type of antbody in Type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE

41
Q

Type of antibodies used in type II & III

A

IgG IgM

42
Q

Autoimmune disease may lead to the production of auto antibodies, which do what?

A

Antibodies that bind to “self” molecules

43
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis & Lupus erythematosus are examples of

A

Systemic autoimmune diseases

44
Q

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that causes …

A

Over-activation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, Goiter, and bulging eyes

45
Q

This disease is autoimmune and involves auto antibodies blocking the acetylcholine receptors in muscles, rendering them ineffective.

A

Myasthenia Graves

46
Q

This autoimmune disease affects the CNS, the myelin sheath, leading to paralysis

A

Multiple sclerosis

47
Q

This autoimmune disease is caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by cytotoxic cells

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

48
Q

Sever combined immunodeficiency & DiGeorge syndrome are both this type of immunodeficiency

A

Lymphocytes deficiency

49
Q

One of the most common immunodeficiency is Antibody deficiency where this antibody under produced

A

IgA

50
Q

Defects of phagocytes where they are unable to produce _____ is an immunodeficiency

A

Reactive Oxygen Species

51
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency

A

Primary at birth
Secondary Acquired usually through cancer or a virus

52
Q

What is destroyed in AIDS

A

Helper T cells

53
Q

Hives, hay fever, asthma are all this type of allergic reaction

A

Localized

54
Q

____ occurs when specific antigens react with IgE bound to mast cells or basophils, causing the cell to degranulate.

A

Type I hypersensitivity

55
Q

____ aka cytotoxic reactions, occur when antibodies bound to the surface of a host cell trigger its destruction by Complement Proteins or by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

A

Type II hypersensitivity

56
Q

This type of hypersensitivity is mediated by small immune complexes that activate complement, attracting neutrophils, and contributing to inflammation

A

Type III hypersensitivity

57
Q

_____ are due to antigen-specific T-cell responses and can occur almost anywhere in the body.

A

Delayed-type hypersensitivity aka
Type IV hypersensitivity

58
Q

Response against autoantigens can lead to ______

A

Autoimmune disease

59
Q

4 types of Hypersensitivity

Immune Complex Mediated
Cytotoxic
Delayed Cell-Mediated
IgE

A

3
2
4
1

60
Q

This type of immunoglobulin is important in protection against worms and other parasite

A

IgE

61
Q

In alergic people Ig____ is produced instead of Ig___

A

IgE instead of IgG

62
Q

Allergic Rhinitis is aka

A

Hay fever

63
Q

Rh negative person who is exposed to Rh positive will produce ____ to destroy the Rh positive cells

A

Anti Rh antibodies

64
Q

Without Rhogam the mother produces anti Rh antibodies that will attack the Rh positive child causing what disease

A

Anemia

65
Q

Immune Complexs (antigen / antibody) that are large are destroyed how.

A

Phagocytes

66
Q

An example of type IV Delayed-type T cell mediated hypersensitivity is ____ where the skin comes into contact with an allergen

A

Contact Dermatitis

67
Q

Allografts are these

A

Tissue ans organ transplants

68
Q

Today immune suppressants affect only this type of immunity

A

Cellular Immunity

69
Q

Hashimoto and Graves disease are autoimmune diseases that affect (this organ)

A

Thyroid

70
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis destroys

A

Hyaline joint Cartilage

71
Q

Myasthenia Graves affects the transmission of this chemical messenger

A

Acetylcholine

72
Q

In this syndrome the Thymus fails to develop hence no mature T cells

A

DiGeorge syndrome

73
Q

Cancer in the lymph tissue is called

A

Multiple Myeloma

74
Q

This is the most common Immune Deficiency disorder

A

Lack of IgA 1 in 700 people

75
Q

Cyclosporin (immune suppresent) specifically interferes with …

A

T cells

76
Q

Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the skin

Characterized by wheal and flair
Peak 4 to 6 hours after exposure
Require complement activation
Due to an effector T cell response
Depend on activities of the Fc portion of antibodies

A

Due to an effector T cell response

77
Q

All of the following are used to treat autoimmune disease except

Immunosuppressive drugs
Surgery
Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Replacement therapy, insulin in diabetes

A

Antibiotics

78
Q

Which types of Hypersensitivity reactions are B cells involved

A

I, II, III

NOT type IV

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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