Ch.8: Joints Flashcards
The site where two or more bones meet
joints
The two fundamental functions of joints are
give our skeleton mobility & hold it together
________ focuses on the material binding the bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present
Structural Classification
Three types of Structural classification are
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint
Characteristic of Fibrous joint
Bones are joined by fibrous tissue
has no joint cavity
immovable joint
Three types of Fibrous joints are
Suture
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis
literally “seams” occurs between bones of the skull, allows the skull to expand as the brain grows during youth.
Suture
The closed sutures are precisely called
Synotoses
The bones are connected by ligaments, little or no movement is allowed. located on the radius and ulna
Syndesmoses
A peg-in-socket fibrous joint. example tooth with its bony alveolar socket. The fibrous connection in this case is the short periodental ligament
Gomphosis
Characteristic of Cartilaginous joint
united by cartilage
lack a joint cavity
are not highly moveable
Two types of cartilaginous joints are
Synchondroses
Symphyses
A bar or plate of HYALINE CARTILAGE unites the bone is a _______, Ex: epiphyseal plates in long bones of children
Synchondrosis
A joint where FIBROCARTILAGE unites the bone is a ________. Acts as a shock absorber and permits a limited amount of movement at the joint.Ex: intervertebral joints
Symphysis
6 Special characteristic of Synovial joints
- articular cartilage
- joint (articular) cavity
- articular capsule (fibrous layer, external) (synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, internal layer)
- Synovial fluid (decrease friction)
- reinforcing ligament
- nerves and blood vessels (richly supplied)
__________ is based on the amount of movement allowed at the joint
Functional classification
Three types of Functional Classification are, and explain their movement
Synarthroses (immovable joints)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
Diarthroses ( freely movable joints)
________ improve the fit between articulating bones, making the joint more stable and minimizing wear and tear on the joint surfaces
Articular disc/menisci
_______ flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendon, or bones rub together
Bursae
_______ an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction like a bun around a hot dog. Common where several tendons are crowded together within narrow canals
Tendon sheaths
the muscle’s ______ attached to the immovable or less immovable bone
origin
the muscle’s ______ attached to the movable bone
Insertion
non-axial movement is
sliding movements only, no axis
uni-axial movement is
movement in one plane
Bi-axial movement is
movement in two planes
Multi-axial movement is
Movement in or around three planes of spaces and axes
The three general types of movement are
Gliding, Angular, Rotation
______ occurs when one flat or nearly flat bone surface slides or slips overs another, (back and forth, Side to side)
Gliding
_____ increase or decrease the angle between two bones
Angular
5 Angular movement includes and what are their actions
flexion (bending) extension (straightening) abduction (away from midline) adduction (toward midline) circumduction (moves in circle)
_______ the turning of a bone around its own long axis. EX: Movement allowed only in the first two cervical vertebrae, hip and shoulder joint
Rotation
Special movements, describe movement of Supination and Pronation
Sup> palm faces superiorly, radius and ulna are parallel
Pro> palm faces inferiorly , radius and ulna form X
Special movements, describe movement of Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion
Dors> lifting the foot towards the shin
Plan> pointing the toes
Special movements, describe movement of Inversion and Eversion
Inv> sole of the foot turns medially
Eve> sole faces laterally
Special movements, describe movement of Protraction and Retraction
Prot> creating a jaw line
Retr> double chin
Special movements, describe movement of Elevation and depression
Elev> lifting a body part superiorly
Depr> moving the elevated part inferiorly
________ this movement is the action taken when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers in the same hand. Metacarpal I and the trapezium allows this movement
Opposition
Six types of Synovial Joints are
- plane joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- codylar joint
- saddle joint
- Ball-and-socket joint
_______ largest and most complex joint in the body. prone to ACL injuries
knee joint
Shoulder joint. four tendons and muscle make up the rotator cuffs, which includes
subscalpularis, supraspinatus,infraspinatus, and teres minor
Elbow joint. ______ ligament surrounding the head of the radius
Anular ligament
_______ like the shoulder joint but more stable, has good range of motion, but not nearly as wide as the shoulder’s range
Hip joint
_______ is a hinge and gliding joint most easily dislocated
Temporomandibular joint, jaws
________ most common trauma induced joint injuries
Sprain and Dislocation
________ typically occur when a meniscus is subjected to compression and shear stress at the same time, usually stays torn
Cartilage tears
most sport’s physician recommend the damage cartilage be removed. Today this can be done by
Arthroscopic surgery
______ reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn
Sprain
_____ occurs when bones are forced out of alignment
Dislocations
________ inflammation of a bursa and is usually caused by a blow or friction, Housamaid’s knee or Student’s Elbow
Bursitis
_____ 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints
Arthritis
_______ most common chronic arthritis. “ wear and tear arthritis”
Osteoarthritis
________ an autoimmune disease, in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues
Rheumatoid Arthritis
_______ when blood levels of uric acid rise excessively, it deposits in the soft tissues of joints
Gouty arthritis
_______ inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria transmitted by the bite of ticks that live on mice and deer
Lyme disease
_______ inflammation of tendon sheaths, caused by overuse
Tendonitis
