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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch.8: Joints > Flashcards

Ch.8: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

The site where two or more bones meet

A

joints

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2
Q

The two fundamental functions of joints are

A

give our skeleton mobility & hold it together

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3
Q

________ focuses on the material binding the bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present

A

Structural Classification

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4
Q

Three types of Structural classification are

A

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint

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5
Q

Characteristic of Fibrous joint

A

Bones are joined by fibrous tissue
has no joint cavity
immovable joint

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6
Q

Three types of Fibrous joints are

A

Suture
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis

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7
Q

literally “seams” occurs between bones of the skull, allows the skull to expand as the brain grows during youth.

A

Suture

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8
Q

The closed sutures are precisely called

A

Synotoses

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9
Q

The bones are connected by ligaments, little or no movement is allowed. located on the radius and ulna

A

Syndesmoses

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10
Q

A peg-in-socket fibrous joint. example tooth with its bony alveolar socket. The fibrous connection in this case is the short periodental ligament

A

Gomphosis

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11
Q

Characteristic of Cartilaginous joint

A

united by cartilage
lack a joint cavity
are not highly moveable

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12
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joints are

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

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13
Q

A bar or plate of HYALINE CARTILAGE unites the bone is a _______, Ex: epiphyseal plates in long bones of children

A

Synchondrosis

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14
Q

A joint where FIBROCARTILAGE unites the bone is a ________. Acts as a shock absorber and permits a limited amount of movement at the joint.Ex: intervertebral joints

A

Symphysis

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15
Q

6 Special characteristic of Synovial joints

A
  • articular cartilage
  • joint (articular) cavity
  • articular capsule (fibrous layer, external) (synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, internal layer)
  • Synovial fluid (decrease friction)
  • reinforcing ligament
  • nerves and blood vessels (richly supplied)
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16
Q

__________ is based on the amount of movement allowed at the joint

A

Functional classification

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17
Q

Three types of Functional Classification are, and explain their movement

A

Synarthroses (immovable joints)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
Diarthroses ( freely movable joints)

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18
Q

________ improve the fit between articulating bones, making the joint more stable and minimizing wear and tear on the joint surfaces

A

Articular disc/menisci

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19
Q

_______ flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendon, or bones rub together

A

Bursae

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20
Q

_______ an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction like a bun around a hot dog. Common where several tendons are crowded together within narrow canals

A

Tendon sheaths

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21
Q

the muscle’s ______ attached to the immovable or less immovable bone

A

origin

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22
Q

the muscle’s ______ attached to the movable bone

A

Insertion

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23
Q

non-axial movement is

A

sliding movements only, no axis

24
Q

uni-axial movement is

A

movement in one plane

25
Q

Bi-axial movement is

A

movement in two planes

26
Q

Multi-axial movement is

A

Movement in or around three planes of spaces and axes

27
Q

The three general types of movement are

A

Gliding, Angular, Rotation

28
Q

______ occurs when one flat or nearly flat bone surface slides or slips overs another, (back and forth, Side to side)

A

Gliding

29
Q

_____ increase or decrease the angle between two bones

A

Angular

30
Q

5 Angular movement includes and what are their actions

A 
flexion (bending)
extension (straightening)
abduction (away from midline)
adduction (toward midline)
circumduction (moves in circle)
31
Q

_______ the turning of a bone around its own long axis. EX: Movement allowed only in the first two cervical vertebrae, hip and shoulder joint

A

Rotation

32
Q

Special movements, describe movement of Supination and Pronation

A

Sup> palm faces superiorly, radius and ulna are parallel

Pro> palm faces inferiorly , radius and ulna form X

33
Q

Special movements, describe movement of Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion

A

Dors> lifting the foot towards the shin

Plan> pointing the toes

34
Q

Special movements, describe movement of Inversion and Eversion

A

Inv> sole of the foot turns medially

Eve> sole faces laterally

35
Q

Special movements, describe movement of Protraction and Retraction

A

Prot> creating a jaw line

Retr> double chin

36
Q

Special movements, describe movement of Elevation and depression

A

Elev> lifting a body part superiorly

Depr> moving the elevated part inferiorly

37
Q

________ this movement is the action taken when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers in the same hand. Metacarpal I and the trapezium allows this movement

A

Opposition

38
Q

Six types of Synovial Joints are

A
  • plane joint
  • hinge joint
  • pivot joint
  • codylar joint
  • saddle joint
  • Ball-and-socket joint
39
Q

_______ largest and most complex joint in the body. prone to ACL injuries

A

knee joint

40
Q

Shoulder joint. four tendons and muscle make up the rotator cuffs, which includes

A

subscalpularis, supraspinatus,infraspinatus, and teres minor

41
Q

Elbow joint. ______ ligament surrounding the head of the radius

A

Anular ligament

42
Q

_______ like the shoulder joint but more stable, has good range of motion, but not nearly as wide as the shoulder’s range

A

Hip joint

43
Q

_______ is a hinge and gliding joint most easily dislocated

A

Temporomandibular joint, jaws

44
Q

________ most common trauma induced joint injuries

A

Sprain and Dislocation

45
Q

________ typically occur when a meniscus is subjected to compression and shear stress at the same time, usually stays torn

A

Cartilage tears

46
Q

most sport’s physician recommend the damage cartilage be removed. Today this can be done by

A

Arthroscopic surgery

47
Q

______ reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

A

Sprain

48
Q

_____ occurs when bones are forced out of alignment

A

Dislocations

49
Q

________ inflammation of a bursa and is usually caused by a blow or friction, Housamaid’s knee or Student’s Elbow

A

Bursitis

50
Q

_____ 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints

A

Arthritis

51
Q

_______ most common chronic arthritis. “ wear and tear arthritis”

A

Osteoarthritis

52
Q

________ an autoimmune disease, in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

53
Q

_______ when blood levels of uric acid rise excessively, it deposits in the soft tissues of joints

A

Gouty arthritis

54
Q

_______ inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria transmitted by the bite of ticks that live on mice and deer

A

Lyme disease

55
Q

_______ inflammation of tendon sheaths, caused by overuse

A

Tendonitis

Anatomy & Physiology (40 decks)

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