Ch. 6: Bone and skeletal tissue part 1

Question 1

skeletal cartilage contains

Answer 1

no blood vessels or nerves
perichondrium
3 types of cartilage
hyaline,elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 2

What is a perichondrium, and what is its function

Answer 2

outermost covering on the skeletal cartilage, contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery
acts as a girdle to resist outward expansion

Question 3

Hyaline cartilage characteristics and examples are

Answer 3

glassy appearances
flexibility and resilience
most abundant
fine collagen fibers
EX: articular,coastal,larynx, and nose

Question 4

Elastic cartilage characteristic and examples

Answer 4

more stretchy and elastic

Ex: external ear and Epiglottis

Question 5

Fibrocartilage characteristic and examples

Answer 5

provide great tensile strength and rigidity
does not heal, lacks perichondrium
strongest
Ex: intervertebral disc menisci (knee pads) and pubis symphysis

Question 6

Growth of cartilage is due to

Answer 6

Chondrocytes dividing and secret new matric, calcification during childhood and old age

Question 7

define long bones, and name examples

Answer 7

longer than they are wide

Ex: humerus, femur, phalanges

Question 8

Define short bones and name examples

Answer 8

Cube-shaped bones

Ex: wrist and ankles

Question 9

Sesamoid bones are

Answer 9

bones within tendons such as patella

Question 10

define flat bones and name examples

Answer 10

Thin, flat slightly curved

Ex: skull, sternum, clavicle, ribs

Question 11

define irregular bones and name examples

Answer 11

Complicated shapes

Ex: hips, vertebrae, scapula

Question 12

The 7 Functions of bones are

Answer 12

Movement
protection
support
Mineral and growth factor storage
blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
Triglyceride (fat) storage
Hormone production(osteocalcin)

Question 13

What is the difference of spongy bone to compact bone?

Answer 13

Trabaculae (spongy) and osteons (compact)

Question 14

The four bone cells in order are

What is there function?

Answer 14

Osteogenic/ Osteoprogenic (stem cells)
Osteoblast (bone forming cells)
Osteocytes(monitor and maintain)
Osteoclast(bone-resorption)

Question 15

The two types of Ossification are?

Answer 15

Intramembrous ossification and Endochondrial ossification

Question 16

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 16

develops from Fibrous membrane, forms flat bones such as cranial bones, clavicles. MESENCHYME CELLS

Question 17

Endochondrial ossification

Answer 17

develops by replacing hyaline cartilage, Forms the rest of the skeleton

Question 18

What are the organic compounds in the bones

Answer 18

The bone cells
Osteoid
ground substance
collagen fibers

Question 19

What are the inorganic compounds in the bone

Answer 19

Hydroxyapatites

makes up 65% of bone mass, resposible for hardness, and resistance to compression

Question 20

What is interstitial growth?

Answer 20

growth inside the bone matrix, pushing away the epiphysis from the diaphysis
GROWTH IN LENGTH

Question 21

What is appositional growth?

Answer 21

(growth outside)growth in thickness (width) and remodeling of all bones by OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST

Question 22

Hormones responsible for Bone Growth

Answer 22

Growth hormone
Thyroid hormone and insulin modulates activity of growth hormone
Testosterone and estrogen

Question 23

hypersecretion of growth hormone in children leads to

Answer 23

Gigantism

Question 24

Deficits of growth hormone or thyroid hormone

Answer 24

Dwarfism

Question 25

Remodeling involves

Answer 25

bone deposit and bone resorptions
(osteoblast & Osteoclast)
occurs in the surface of the periosteum and endosteum

Question 26

What are 6 requirements for a successful bone remodeling

Answer 26

diet rich in protein
VITAMIN C,D,A
calcium
phosphorous
magnesium
manganese

Question 27

List 5 reasons why calcium is neccesary

Answer 27

transmission of nerve impulses
muscle contractions
blood coagulation
secretion by glands and nerve cells
cell division

Question 28

What are the main functions of VITAMIN A, D, and C

Answer 28

Vitamin A: vision,and bone health
Vitamin D: absorb calcium. and bone growth
Vitamin C: growth and repair tissues, collagen

Question 29

Characteristics of PTH

Answer 29

Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid gland when blood calcium level is down, stimulates osteoclast

Question 30

Characteristic of CALCITONIN

Answer 30

Secreted by the thyroid gland, when blood calcium level is up, stimulates osteoblast