Ch. 6: Bone and skeletal tissue part 1 Flashcards
skeletal cartilage contains
no blood vessels or nerves
perichondrium
3 types of cartilage
hyaline,elastic, and fibrocartilage
What is a perichondrium, and what is its function
outermost covering on the skeletal cartilage, contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery
acts as a girdle to resist outward expansion
Hyaline cartilage characteristics and examples are
glassy appearances flexibility and resilience most abundant fine collagen fibers EX: articular,coastal,larynx, and nose
Elastic cartilage characteristic and examples
more stretchy and elastic
Ex: external ear and Epiglottis
Fibrocartilage characteristic and examples
provide great tensile strength and rigidity
does not heal, lacks perichondrium
strongest
Ex: intervertebral disc menisci (knee pads) and pubis symphysis
Growth of cartilage is due to
Chondrocytes dividing and secret new matric, calcification during childhood and old age
define long bones, and name examples
longer than they are wide
Ex: humerus, femur, phalanges
Define short bones and name examples
Cube-shaped bones
Ex: wrist and ankles
Sesamoid bones are
bones within tendons such as patella
define flat bones and name examples
Thin, flat slightly curved
Ex: skull, sternum, clavicle, ribs
define irregular bones and name examples
Complicated shapes
Ex: hips, vertebrae, scapula
The 7 Functions of bones are
Movement protection support Mineral and growth factor storage blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) Triglyceride (fat) storage Hormone production(osteocalcin)
What is the difference of spongy bone to compact bone?
Trabaculae (spongy) and osteons (compact)
The four bone cells in order are
What is there function?
Osteogenic/ Osteoprogenic (stem cells)
Osteoblast (bone forming cells)
Osteocytes(monitor and maintain)
Osteoclast(bone-resorption)
The two types of Ossification are?
Intramembrous ossification and Endochondrial ossification
Intramembranous ossification
develops from Fibrous membrane, forms flat bones such as cranial bones, clavicles. MESENCHYME CELLS
Endochondrial ossification
develops by replacing hyaline cartilage, Forms the rest of the skeleton
What are the organic compounds in the bones
The bone cells
Osteoid
ground substance
collagen fibers
What are the inorganic compounds in the bone
Hydroxyapatites
makes up 65% of bone mass, resposible for hardness, and resistance to compression
What is interstitial growth?
growth inside the bone matrix, pushing away the epiphysis from the diaphysis
GROWTH IN LENGTH
What is appositional growth?
(growth outside)growth in thickness (width) and remodeling of all bones by OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST
Hormones responsible for Bone Growth
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormone and insulin modulates activity of growth hormone
Testosterone and estrogen
hypersecretion of growth hormone in children leads to
Gigantism
Deficits of growth hormone or thyroid hormone
Dwarfism
Remodeling involves
bone deposit and bone resorptions
(osteoblast & Osteoclast)
occurs in the surface of the periosteum and endosteum
What are 6 requirements for a successful bone remodeling
diet rich in protein VITAMIN C,D,A calcium phosphorous magnesium manganese
List 5 reasons why calcium is neccesary
transmission of nerve impulses muscle contractions blood coagulation secretion by glands and nerve cells cell division
What are the main functions of VITAMIN A, D, and C
Vitamin A: vision,and bone health
Vitamin D: absorb calcium. and bone growth
Vitamin C: growth and repair tissues, collagen
Characteristics of PTH
Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid gland when blood calcium level is down, stimulates osteoclast
Characteristic of CALCITONIN
Secreted by the thyroid gland, when blood calcium level is up, stimulates osteoblast
