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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch.19: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Ch.19: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

The _______ of the body form a closed delivery system that begins and ends at the heart

A

Blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the three major types of blood vessels

A

Arteries, Capillaries and Veins

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3
Q

Characteristics of Arteries

A 
transport blood away from the heart
thicker tunica media
No Valves, Narrow Lumen
More elastic and collage
Blood pressure is higher
Stay open with no present of blood
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4
Q

Characteristics of Veins

A 
Transport blood toward the heart
thicker tunica externa
larger lumen, Has Valves
Less elastic, and collage
Walls collapse in no blood is in it
BP is low
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5
Q

What are the three distinct layers of the blood vessel wall? Innermost to outermost

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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6
Q

Characteristics of Tunica Intima

A

innermost layer
Endothelium lining, simple squamous epithelium
slick surface, minimizes friction as blood moves

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7
Q

Characteristics of Tunica Media

A

Smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin
regulated by sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers
Vasoconstriction/ Vasodilation
Bulkiest layer in arteries
Influence blood flow and Blood pressure

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8
Q

Characteristics of Tunica Externa

A

Outermost layer of the wall
loosely woven collagen fibers
protect and reinforce the vessels, anchors

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9
Q

Three types of Arteries are

A

Elastic Arteries
Muscular Arteries
Arterioles

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10
Q

Characteristics of Elastic Arteries

A 
thick-walled arteries near the heart
largest in diameter
Sometimes called conducting arteries
More elastin than any other vessels
Presents all three tunics, MEDIA MOST
inactive of Vasoconstriction
pressure resevoirs, expanding and recoiling as the heart eject blood
Ex: aorta, pulmonary trunk, brachiocephalic
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11
Q

Characteristics of Muscular arteries

A 
Deliver blood specifically to organs
Distributing Arteries
Thickest tunica media of all vessels
More smooth muscle than elastic
More active in vasoconstriction, less stretching
Ex: femoral, renal , splenic, coronary
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12
Q

Characteristics of Arterioles

A

Smallest of the Arteries
Tunica media is chiefly smooth muscles with a few elastic
maximum resistance
Significant role in BP and Blood Flow
Diameter changes due to Sympathetic/ Endocrine

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13
Q

The microscopic _________ are the smallest blood vessels

A

Capilaries

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14
Q

Characteristics of Capillaries

A

thin walls, consist of just thin tunica intima
Blood flow is very slow, narrow
Exchange between the tissue and blood

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15
Q

Spider-shaped ________, smooth muscle-like cells that stabilize the capillary wall and help control the capillary permeability

A

Pericytes

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16
Q

Capillaries is in all tissues except

A

Cartilage and epithelia

Cornea and lens of the eye

17
Q

Three types of Capillaries are:

A

Continuous Capillary
Fenestrated capillary
Sinusoid Capillary

18
Q

Describe Continuous Capillary

A 
most abundant in skin and muscles 
most common
tight junctions
Does not Leak
Intracellular clefts , opening
19
Q

Describe Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Riddled with oval pores
much more permeable to fluid and small solutes
found where active capillary absorption or filtrate formation occurs
small intestines, endocrine organs, kidneys

20
Q

Describe Sinusoid Arteries

A

Higly modified and leaky
Found only in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla
Have irregulary shaped lumens and are usually fenestrated
large intracellular clefts
Stellate macrophages, remove and destroy any bacteria

21
Q

Capillaries do not function independently, they form interweaving networks called _____

A

Capillary bed

22
Q

The flow of blood from an

A

Arteriole to a venule

23
Q

A capillary bed consist of two types of vessels

A 
Vascular shunt (metarteriole- Postcapillary venule
True capillaries (exchange happens)
24
Q

A cuff of smooth muscle fibers, called _____ surrounds the root of each true capillary and acts a valve to regulate blood flow into the capillary

A

Precapillary sphincter

25
Q

Capilaries unite to form ______ , the smallest is postcapillary venule, exteremely porous

A

Venules

26
Q

_________ formed from folds of the tunica intima, prevent blood from flowing backward

A

Venous valves

27
Q

Veins are called ________ because they can hold up to 65% of the body’s blood supply at any time

A

Blood reservoirs/ Capacitance Vessels

28
Q

________ veins that are tortuous and dilated because of imcompetent leaky valves

A

Varicose veins

29
Q

______ Part of the wall thins and balloons out, cause by weak spot in the vessel , pressure may rupture blood vessel

A

Aneurysm

30
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque

31
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of Arteries and calcification, plaque

32
Q

__________ are highly specialized flattened veins with extremely thin walls composed only of endothelium

A

Venous Sinuses

Anatomy & Physiology (40 decks)

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