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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 5: The integumentary system > Flashcards

Ch. 5: The integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is composed of two distinct regions

A

Epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

The epidermis consist of four distinct cell types

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and tactile (merkel) cells

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3
Q

The chief role ________ is to produce keratin, fibrous proteins that helps give the epidermis its protective properties. continous mitosis, located in stratum basale, desmosomes

A

Keratinocytes

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4
Q

________ spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin, found in the stratum basale. protection from UV light

A

Melanocytes

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5
Q

_________ star shaped, arise from bone marrow. Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system.

A

Langerhans cells/ dendritic cells

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6
Q

________ present at the epidermal-dermal junction. associated with a dislike sensory nerve ending. SENSORY RECEPTOR FOR TOUCH

A

Merkel cells/tactile cells

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7
Q

Name the five layers of the epidermis in order

A 
STRATUM BASALE
STRATUM SPINOSOUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM CORNEUM
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8
Q

Layer which consist of a single row of stem cells, Mitotic, consist of melanocytes/occasional tactile cells

A

Stratum basale

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9
Q

layer which looks like a prickly , web-like system of intermediate filaments. attach to desmosomes. contains melanin granules and (langerhans cells) abundant in this layer

A

Stratum Spinosum

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10
Q

Layer which consist of dark granules. Lamellar granules make it water proof. after this layer, external nutrients are cut off from nutrients, dead

A

Stratum granulosum

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11
Q

Visible only to thick skin, consist 2-3 rows of clear flat dead keratinocytes.. visible in palms, soles of feet

A

Stratum Lucidum

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12
Q

_______ outermost epidermal layer, provides a durable overcoat for the body protecting deeper cells from the hostile environment, water loss, and biological,chemical, and physical assault. specialized apoptosis, shedding of skin

A

Stratum Corneum (horny cells)

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13
Q

The second major skin region, consist of fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells. it is your “hide” RICH SUPPLY OF NERVE FIBERS, BLOOD VESSELS, and LYMPHATIC VESSELS

A

dermis

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14
Q

The dermis has two layer _____ & ______

A

papillary layer and Reticular layer

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15
Q

the thin superficial layer of the dermis, areolar connective tissue. Looseness of this connective tissue allows phagocytes and other defenses to roam freely.

A

Papillary Layer

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16
Q

Deep, 80% of the thickness of the dermis, irregulary arranged, dense fibrous tissue. Cleavage, tension lines, flexure lines

A

Reticular layer

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17
Q

Three pigments that contribute to skin color are

A

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

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18
Q

Polymer made of tyrosine amino acids, range in color from reddish yellow t brownish black, same number of melanocytes, different kinds and amount made.

A

melanin

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19
Q

Yellow or orange pigment found in certain plants such as carrots, accumulate in the stratum corneum and fatty tissue

A

Carotene

20
Q

Pinkish hue of fair skin reflects chrimson color, red blood cells circulating throughout the dermal capillaries

A

Hemoglobin

21
Q

______ hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, appear blue during heart failure and respiratory disorder

A

Cyanosis

22
Q

_______ reddened skin, embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergt

A

Redness/Erythema

23
Q

_______ fear, anger, emotional stress become pale, anemia or low blood pressure

A

Pallor/Blanching

24
Q

______ yellow cast, abnormal yellow skin tone, liver disorder, yellow bile pigments accumulate in blood (billirubin)

A

Jaundice

25
Q

______ bronze, metallic appearance of the skin. produces inadequate amounts of its steroid hormones

A

Bronzing

26
Q

_______ bruises reveal where blood escaped from circulation and clotted beneath the skin

A

Hematoma

27
Q

_______ does not produce melanin

A

Albinism

28
Q

Hair and nails both consist of

A

Hard Keratin, durable and tough, does not flake off

29
Q

Hair has three concentric layers of keratinized cells

A

Medulla (central core)
Cortex (surrounds medulla)
Cuticle (outermost layer)

30
Q

What are the two types of sudoriferous gland?

A

Eccrine and apocrine gland

31
Q

_______ gland are more numerous, abundant on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead. pores. Released by exocytosis. PREVENT BODY FROM OVERHEATING.

A

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

32
Q

________ gland, confined largely to the axillary and anogenital areas, release by exocytosis. LARGER THAN ECCRINE GLANDS, they lie deeper in the dermis and their ducts empty into hair follicles. body odor (bacteria) sexual scent glands

A

Apocrine glands

33
Q

______ are modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal, ear wax

A

Cereminous glands

34
Q

_______ specialized sweat gland that secrete milk

A

Mammary glands

35
Q

These glands secrete sebum, arrector pilli contractions force sebum out of the hair follicles to skin surface. Softens and lubricates the skin. accumulate then rupture

A

Sebaceous (oil) gland

36
Q

The 6 functions of the integumentary system are

A 
PROTECTION
BODY TEMP REGULATION
METABOLIC FUNCTION
BLOOD RESERVOIR
EXCRETION
CUTANEOUS SENSTATION
37
Q

3 types of barriers include

A

chemical, physical biological

38
Q

What are the 3 types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

39
Q

The least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, stratum basale cells proliferate invading the dermis and hypodermis. Slow growing and metastasis seldom occurs before its noticed. appears as shiny dome shaped nodules

A

Basal cell carcinoma

40
Q

Second most common skin cancer, arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. Grows rapidle and metastasize if not removed. appearsas a sclay reddened papule

A

Squamous cell carcinom

41
Q

Cancer of melanocytes, the most dangerous skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. can begin wherever there is pigment

A

Melanoma

42
Q

The key to surviving melanoma is early detecion, apply the ABCD rule for recognizinf melanoma, they stand for

A

Assymetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter

43
Q

A tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals

A

burn

44
Q

First degree burns characteristic

A

only the epidermis is damages
localized swelling, redness, and pain
heal within 2-3 days
Ex. sunburns

45
Q

Second degree burns characteristic

A

injure the epidermis and upper region of the dermis
blisters, and first degree burn symptoms
heals within 3-4 weeks

46
Q

Third degree burn characteristic

A

Damages the entire thickness of the skin
appears gray-white,cherry red, blackened
no pain
skin grafting is advised

47
Q

Treating burns by

A

IV for dehydration
antibiotics for infections
abundance of nutrition for new cells to form

Anatomy & Physiology (40 decks)

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