Ch. 5: The integumentary system Flashcards
The skin is composed of two distinct regions
Epidermis and dermis
The epidermis consist of four distinct cell types
keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and tactile (merkel) cells
The chief role ________ is to produce keratin, fibrous proteins that helps give the epidermis its protective properties. continous mitosis, located in stratum basale, desmosomes
Keratinocytes
________ spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin, found in the stratum basale. protection from UV light
Melanocytes
_________ star shaped, arise from bone marrow. Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system.
Langerhans cells/ dendritic cells
________ present at the epidermal-dermal junction. associated with a dislike sensory nerve ending. SENSORY RECEPTOR FOR TOUCH
Merkel cells/tactile cells
Name the five layers of the epidermis in order
STRATUM BASALE STRATUM SPINOSOUM STRATUM GRANULOSUM STRATUM LUCIDUM STRATUM CORNEUM
Layer which consist of a single row of stem cells, Mitotic, consist of melanocytes/occasional tactile cells
Stratum basale
layer which looks like a prickly , web-like system of intermediate filaments. attach to desmosomes. contains melanin granules and (langerhans cells) abundant in this layer
Stratum Spinosum
Layer which consist of dark granules. Lamellar granules make it water proof. after this layer, external nutrients are cut off from nutrients, dead
Stratum granulosum
Visible only to thick skin, consist 2-3 rows of clear flat dead keratinocytes.. visible in palms, soles of feet
Stratum Lucidum
_______ outermost epidermal layer, provides a durable overcoat for the body protecting deeper cells from the hostile environment, water loss, and biological,chemical, and physical assault. specialized apoptosis, shedding of skin
Stratum Corneum (horny cells)
The second major skin region, consist of fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells. it is your “hide” RICH SUPPLY OF NERVE FIBERS, BLOOD VESSELS, and LYMPHATIC VESSELS
dermis
The dermis has two layer _____ & ______
papillary layer and Reticular layer
the thin superficial layer of the dermis, areolar connective tissue. Looseness of this connective tissue allows phagocytes and other defenses to roam freely.
Papillary Layer
Deep, 80% of the thickness of the dermis, irregulary arranged, dense fibrous tissue. Cleavage, tension lines, flexure lines
Reticular layer
Three pigments that contribute to skin color are
Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
Polymer made of tyrosine amino acids, range in color from reddish yellow t brownish black, same number of melanocytes, different kinds and amount made.
melanin
Yellow or orange pigment found in certain plants such as carrots, accumulate in the stratum corneum and fatty tissue
Carotene
Pinkish hue of fair skin reflects chrimson color, red blood cells circulating throughout the dermal capillaries
Hemoglobin
______ hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, appear blue during heart failure and respiratory disorder
Cyanosis
_______ reddened skin, embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergt
Redness/Erythema
_______ fear, anger, emotional stress become pale, anemia or low blood pressure
Pallor/Blanching
______ yellow cast, abnormal yellow skin tone, liver disorder, yellow bile pigments accumulate in blood (billirubin)
Jaundice
______ bronze, metallic appearance of the skin. produces inadequate amounts of its steroid hormones
Bronzing
_______ bruises reveal where blood escaped from circulation and clotted beneath the skin
Hematoma
_______ does not produce melanin
Albinism
Hair and nails both consist of
Hard Keratin, durable and tough, does not flake off
Hair has three concentric layers of keratinized cells
Medulla (central core)
Cortex (surrounds medulla)
Cuticle (outermost layer)
What are the two types of sudoriferous gland?
Eccrine and apocrine gland
_______ gland are more numerous, abundant on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead. pores. Released by exocytosis. PREVENT BODY FROM OVERHEATING.
Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland
________ gland, confined largely to the axillary and anogenital areas, release by exocytosis. LARGER THAN ECCRINE GLANDS, they lie deeper in the dermis and their ducts empty into hair follicles. body odor (bacteria) sexual scent glands
Apocrine glands
______ are modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal, ear wax
Cereminous glands
_______ specialized sweat gland that secrete milk
Mammary glands
These glands secrete sebum, arrector pilli contractions force sebum out of the hair follicles to skin surface. Softens and lubricates the skin. accumulate then rupture
Sebaceous (oil) gland
The 6 functions of the integumentary system are
PROTECTION BODY TEMP REGULATION METABOLIC FUNCTION BLOOD RESERVOIR EXCRETION CUTANEOUS SENSTATION
3 types of barriers include
chemical, physical biological
What are the 3 types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
The least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, stratum basale cells proliferate invading the dermis and hypodermis. Slow growing and metastasis seldom occurs before its noticed. appears as shiny dome shaped nodules
Basal cell carcinoma
Second most common skin cancer, arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. Grows rapidle and metastasize if not removed. appearsas a sclay reddened papule
Squamous cell carcinom
Cancer of melanocytes, the most dangerous skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. can begin wherever there is pigment
Melanoma
The key to surviving melanoma is early detecion, apply the ABCD rule for recognizinf melanoma, they stand for
Assymetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter
A tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals
burn
First degree burns characteristic
only the epidermis is damages
localized swelling, redness, and pain
heal within 2-3 days
Ex. sunburns
Second degree burns characteristic
injure the epidermis and upper region of the dermis
blisters, and first degree burn symptoms
heals within 3-4 weeks
Third degree burn characteristic
Damages the entire thickness of the skin
appears gray-white,cherry red, blackened
no pain
skin grafting is advised
Treating burns by
IV for dehydration
antibiotics for infections
abundance of nutrition for new cells to form
