Ch.23: Digestive System Part 2

Question 1

The smooth lining is dotted with millions of deep ______ _____, which lead into tubular gastic glands that produce the stomach secretion called gastric juice

Answer 1

Gastric pits

Question 2

Four types of secretory cells

Answer 2

• mucous neck cells
• parietal cells
• chief cells
• enteroendocrine cells

Question 3

Characteristics of Mucous neck cells

Answer 3

• scattered in the neck

- produce a thin soluble mucus (acidic)

Question 4

Characteristics of Parietal Cells

Answer 4

• secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
• HCL makes the stomach content acidic, activation of the enzyme pepsin.
• digest and break down and kill bacteria
• absorption of vitamin b12

Question 5

Characteristics of Chief cells

Answer 5

• produce pepsinogen, inactivated form of pepsin

- secrete lipase (fat-digesting enzymes)

Question 6

Characteristics of Enteroendocrine cells

Answer 6

• release a variety of chemical messengers directly into the interstinal fluid of the lamina propria
• histamine, serotonin, gastrin

Question 7

________ a hormone that plays essential role in regulating stomach secretion and motility

Answer 7

gastrin

Question 8

It mounts an aggressive counterattack to protect itself, producing _________, THREE FACTORS CREATE THIS BARRIER: -thick coating of bicarbonate rich mucus

• epithelial cell lining
• ability to regenerate fairly quickly

Answer 8

Mucosal barrier

Question 9

________ _______ begins in the stomach and is the main type of enzymatic breakdown that occurs there. HCL produced by the stomach glands denatures diatary protein in preparation for enzymatic secretion

Answer 9

Protein digestion

Question 10

________, secreted by the stomach, acts as an enzyme that acts on milk protein(casein), converting it to acurdy substance that looks like soured milk

Answer 10

Rennin

Question 11

______ ______ released by the minor salivary glands may digest some triglycerides in the stomach before the lipase itself is digested

Answer 11

Lingual lipase

Question 12

Two common lipid-soluble substances are _______ and _________ , may cause gastric bleeding.

Answer 12

Alcohol and aspirin

Question 13

________ ______ is required for intestinal absorption of vitamin b12, needed to produce mature erythrocytes.

Answer 13

Intrinsic factor

Question 14

_____ triggers the stomach cells to release hormone gastrin,

Answer 14

Ach

Question 15

the _______ or reflex phase of gastrin secretion occurs BEFORE food enters the stomach. Triggered by the aroma, taste sight, or thought of food and it gets the stomach ready for its upcoming digestive chore

Answer 15

cephalic phase

Question 16

Sensory inputs from olfactory receptors and taste buds are relayed to the _________

Answer 16

hypothalamus

Question 17

Once food reaches the stomach, local neural and hormonal mechanisms initiate the _______ ______. last three to four hours

Answer 17

Gastric phase

Question 18

The most important stimuli are ________, ________, and _____ __________

Answer 18

Distension (stretch, release of ACh)
Peptides
Low Acidity

Question 19

The hormone _______, plays a greater role in stimulating the stomach gland secretion during the gastric phase.

Answer 19

Gastrin

Question 20

Rising pH directly activate gastrin-secreting enteroendocrine cells called _____

Answer 20

G Cells

Question 21

Three chemicals: neccessary for maximum HCL secretion

Answer 21

ACh, histamine, and gastrin (parietal)

Question 22

The _______ _____ of gastric secretion has two components, stimulatory and inhibitory. Partially digested food fill the duodenum.

Answer 22

Intestinal phase

Question 23

This stimulates the intestinal mucosal cells to release _________ ______ _______, a hormone that encourages the gastric glands to continue their secretory activity

Answer 23

intestinal (enteric) gastrin

Question 24

________ and ___________, are intestinal hormones, that inhibit gastric secretion when the stomach is very active.

Answer 24

Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)