Ch.23: Digestive System Part 4

Question 1

The ______ ______ frames the small intestine on three sides extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus. It’s MAJOR DIGESTIVE FUNCTION are to absorb most of the remaning water from the indigestible food residues, store residue temporarily and then eliminate them from the body as semisolide feces

Answer 1

Large intestine

Question 2

Unique Features of the Large Intestine include

Answer 2

• Tenia coli: bands of smooth muscle
• Haustra: pocketlike
• Epiploic appendages: small fat-filled puches

Question 3

Mucus produced by ________ _______ eases the passage of feces and protects the intestinal walls from irritating acids and gases released by resident bacteria

Answer 3

Goblet cells

Question 4

The rectum is usually empty, but when mass movements force feces into it, stretching of the rectal wall initiates the ________ _____. This parasympathetic reflex, mediated by the spinal cord causes the rectum to contract and the internal sphincter to relax.

Answer 4

Defecation reflex

Question 5

_________, is a catabolic process that breaks down food molecules to monomers small enough to be absorbed by the GI tract lining

Answer 5

Digestion

Question 6

The enzymatic breakdown of any food molecule is _________

Answer 6

hydrolysis

Question 7

True or false: the larger the meal, the shorter amylase continues to work in the stomach because foodstuffs in its relatively immobile fundus are poorly mixed with gastric juices

Answer 7

False: takes longer

Question 8

Starchy foods and other digestible caarbohydrates that escape being broken down by salivary amylase are acted on by ________ ______ in the small intestin. It then is converted into oligosachrides, maltose

Answer 8

Pancreatic amylase

Question 9

The most important brush border enzymes are _________ and __________, which act on oligosacchrides composed of more than three simple sugars, and maltase, sugrase, and lactase which hydrolyze maltose, sucrose, and lactose respectively into their constituent monsacchrides.

Answer 9

Dextrinase and glucoamylase

Question 10

Because the colon does not secrete digestive enzymes, digestion officially ends in the _____ _______.

Answer 10

small intestine

Question 11

_______ ________, begins in the stomach when pepsinogen is secreted by the chief cells is activated to pepsin.

Answer 11

Protein digestion

Question 12

________ an enzyme that coagulates milk protein is not produced in adults

Answer 12

Rennin

Question 13

________ and __________ secreted by the pancreas cleave the proteins into smaller peptides

Answer 13

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

Question 14

The small intestine is the primary site of lipid digestion because the pancreas is the major source of fat digesting enzymes, called _________

Answer 14

lipases

Question 15

Fat globules are coated with _________. They have both nonpolar and polar. Nonpolar clings to the fat molecules and polar parts allow them to repel each other and interact with water.

Answer 15

Bile Salts

Question 16

_______, an aqueous suspension of fatty droplets. Does not break chemical bonds, just reduces the attaraction between fat molecules so they can be more widely dispersed

Answer 16

Emulsification

Question 17

The _________ ________ catalyzes the breakdonw of fats by cleaving off two of the fatty acid chains, yielding free fatty acids and monglycerides

Answer 17

Pancreatic lipases

Question 18

The major absorptive role of the illeum is to reclaim ____ _____ to be recycled back to the liver for resecretion

Answer 18

bile salts