Ch.22: Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of the respiratory system:

Answer 1

take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide

Question 2

Four processes involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 in the body include

Answer 2

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
External respiration (between the lungs and blood)
Transport of respiratory gases
Internal Respiration ( between the blood and tissue)

Question 3

The major organs of the respiratory system include

Answer 3

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, and pleura

Question 4

Flow chart of oxygen into the body

Answer 4

nasal nares(nostrils), nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachae, primary,secondary, teritiary bronchuless, bronchioles terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, erythrocytes

Question 5

Respiratory system consist of two zones

Answer 5

Respiratory zone (site of gas exhcange)
Conducting zone (cleanse, humidify, and warm incoming air)

Question 6

Function of nose:

Answer 6

• provides an airway for respiration
• moisten/warms
• filters, and cleanse
• resonating chamber
• olfactory
• mucus production

Question 7

____________, lines the nasal cavity and secretes lysozymes and defensins.Triggers sneezing, cilia mucus upwards, warm air

Answer 7

respiratory mucosae

Question 8

Increase surface area & filter, heat and moisten air during inhalation and reclaim the heat and moisture during exhalation

Answer 8

Conchas

Question 9

Paranasal sinuses are located in the ______, ______, ______, and ______. Their role consist of

Answer 9

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, maxillary

Lighten the skull and warm and moisten the air

Question 10

The ________, connects the nasal caivty and mouth superiorly to the larynx. Commonly called throat

Answer 10

Pharynx

Question 11

The pharynx is divided into three sections, list them as well as their characteristics, and tonsil associate

Answer 11

Nasopharynx ( serves only air passageway, pharyngeal tonsil)
oropharynx ( both swallow food and air, palentine tonsils and lingual tonsil)
Laryngopharynx ( food and air, posterior to epiglottis, right of way “food”)

Question 12

The _______, is the voicebox, attaches to the hyoid bone, and opens into the larygopharynx.

Answer 12

Larynx

Question 13

Function of Larynx

Answer 13

provide an open airway
act as a swithcing mechanism to route air and food into the right passage
voice production

Question 14

Function of Epiglottis

Answer 14

keeps food out of the lower respiratory passage “guardian of the airways”

Question 15

Conducting zone consist of the Bronchial respiratory tree, list them

Answer 15

Trachae
Primary bronchi (left and right)
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Tertiary (segmental) bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

Question 16

Respiratory zone consist of the gas exchange structures: list them

Answer 16

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveoli

Question 17

_________ capillary/alveolar wall fused basement membrane, blood air barrier, simple diffusion

Answer 17

Respiratory membrane

Question 18

3 types of cells in the respiratory membrane

Answer 18

Type 1 alveolar cells (epithelial lining)
Type 2 alveolar cells (surfactant, coats the sac, inflated)
Alveolar macrophages

Question 19

Characteristics of Alveoli

Answer 19

surrounded by fine elastic fibers

contains open pores (air pressure, equalize)

Question 20

Lackof surfactant in babies

Answer 20

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 21

Pleura two layers are:

Answer 21

Visceral layer lines the organ
Parietal layer Outside layer
Parietal cavity, parietal fluid, lubrication