Ch.12: The Central Nervous system Flashcards
Function of the Occipital lobe
primary visual cortex, and visual association area
Function of the Parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex, sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal muscles, joints and tendons
Function of the Temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, wernicke’s area
Function of the Frontal lobe
primary motor cortex, broca’s area, Solving complec multitask problems, working memory, task management, higher level thinking
Function of Insula
Gustatory cortex (taste), visceral sensory area (upset stomach,full bladder)
Rhincephalon
olfactory cortex, emotions and memory, all parts of the cerebrum
elevated ridges of tissue
gyri
separated by shallow grooves
sulci
deeper grooves
fissures
3 types of fibers
Association fibers, commissural fibers, projection fibers
Type of fiber that connect different parts of the same hemispher
Association fiber
Type of fiber that connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemisphere
Commissural fiber
Type of fiber that either enter the cerebral cortex from lower brain or cord centers or descend from the the cortex to lower area. Sensory info reaches the cerebral cortex, and motor output leaves it through the _______ fibers. the internal capsule
Projection fibers
The parts of the brain stem are
Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla oblongata
Midbrain structure & functions are:
corpora quadrigemina
Superior Colliculi: visual reflex center
Inferior Colliculi: startle reflex (auditory)
Substantia Nigra: dopamine, muscle tone
Pons function are:
controls the rate and depth of respiration
connects the cerebellum to the brain stem
relays sensory and motor info to the cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata function:
cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory, and digestive center
Vomiting, hicupping, sneezing, swallowing and balance
significance of Decussation of pyramids
the cross over point, each cerebral hemisphere controls the voluntary movements of muscles on the opposite side of the body
cerebellum function
maintains posture, muscle coordination, balance
The three divisions of the diancephalon are
thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Thalamus function
gateway to the cerebral cortex, relay center for information coming to cerebrum, filters and edits sensory info. third ventricle
Hypothalamus function
Master gland: secretes hormones ADH (water loss) and Oxytocin (labor) produces emotions and behavioral drives. Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, temp, and sleep
Pineal gland function
melatonin (sleep) & serotonin
Limbic system charaacteristics & function
Cingulate gyrus: express emotions through gestures
Amygdala: anger, rage, and fear responses
Hippocampus: memory & retrieval
Reticulare formation (RAS)
brain stem
keeps cerebral cortex alert and helps maintain conciousness, filters sensory input
inhibited by sleep, alcohol, and tranquilizer, irreversible coma
Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid in order, Formation and Reabsorption
CSF is produced by the choroid plexus of each ventricle
CSF flows through the lateral ventricles via interventricular foramen
then to the third ventrible, via cerebral aquaduct
then to fourth ventricle
central canal of the spinal cord
CSF is absorbed into the dural venous sinusses via the arachnoid villi
CSF is secreted into the ventricles by the
choroid plexus
_______ in the subarachnoid space reabsorb CSF into venous circulation
Arachnoid villi
Three meninges layers that protect the brain
Dura mater Epidural space: dural sinuses Arachnoid mater: spider Subarachnoid space:CSF Pia mater: delicate connective tissue tiny blood vessels
