Ch.12: The Central Nervous system

Question 1

Function of the Occipital lobe

Answer 1

primary visual cortex, and visual association area

Question 2

Function of the Parietal lobe

Answer 2

primary somatosensory cortex, sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal muscles, joints and tendons

Question 3

Function of the Temporal lobe

Answer 3

primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, wernicke’s area

Question 4

Function of the Frontal lobe

Answer 4

primary motor cortex, broca’s area, Solving complec multitask problems, working memory, task management, higher level thinking

Question 5

Function of Insula

Answer 5

Gustatory cortex (taste), visceral sensory area (upset stomach,full bladder)

Question 6

Rhincephalon

Answer 6

olfactory cortex, emotions and memory, all parts of the cerebrum

Question 7

elevated ridges of tissue

Answer 7

gyri

Question 8

separated by shallow grooves

Answer 8

sulci

Question 9

deeper grooves

Answer 9

fissures

Question 10

3 types of fibers

Answer 10

Association fibers, commissural fibers, projection fibers

Question 11

Type of fiber that connect different parts of the same hemispher

Answer 11

Association fiber

Question 12

Type of fiber that connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemisphere

Answer 12

Commissural fiber

Question 13

Type of fiber that either enter the cerebral cortex from lower brain or cord centers or descend from the the cortex to lower area. Sensory info reaches the cerebral cortex, and motor output leaves it through the _______ fibers. the internal capsule

Answer 13

Projection fibers

Question 14

The parts of the brain stem are

Answer 14

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla oblongata

Question 15

Midbrain structure & functions are:

Answer 15

corpora quadrigemina
Superior Colliculi: visual reflex center
Inferior Colliculi: startle reflex (auditory)
Substantia Nigra: dopamine, muscle tone

Question 16

Pons function are:

Answer 16

controls the rate and depth of respiration
connects the cerebellum to the brain stem
relays sensory and motor info to the cerebellum

Question 17

Medulla Oblongata function:

Answer 17

cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory, and digestive center

Vomiting, hicupping, sneezing, swallowing and balance

Question 18

significance of Decussation of pyramids

Answer 18

the cross over point, each cerebral hemisphere controls the voluntary movements of muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 19

cerebellum function

Answer 19

maintains posture, muscle coordination, balance

Question 20

The three divisions of the diancephalon are

Answer 20

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 21

Thalamus function

Answer 21

gateway to the cerebral cortex, relay center for information coming to cerebrum, filters and edits sensory info. third ventricle

Question 22

Hypothalamus function

Answer 22

Master gland: secretes hormones ADH (water loss) and Oxytocin (labor) produces emotions and behavioral drives. Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, temp, and sleep

Question 23

Pineal gland function

Answer 23

melatonin (sleep) & serotonin

Question 24

Limbic system charaacteristics & function

Answer 24

Cingulate gyrus: express emotions through gestures
Amygdala: anger, rage, and fear responses
Hippocampus: memory & retrieval

Question 25

Reticulare formation (RAS)

Answer 25

brain stem
keeps cerebral cortex alert and helps maintain conciousness, filters sensory input
inhibited by sleep, alcohol, and tranquilizer, irreversible coma

Question 26

Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid in order, Formation and Reabsorption

Answer 26

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus of each ventricle
CSF flows through the lateral ventricles via interventricular foramen
then to the third ventrible, via cerebral aquaduct
then to fourth ventricle
central canal of the spinal cord
CSF is absorbed into the dural venous sinusses via the arachnoid villi

Question 27

CSF is secreted into the ventricles by the

Answer 27

choroid plexus

Question 28

_______ in the subarachnoid space reabsorb CSF into venous circulation

Answer 28

Arachnoid villi

Question 29

Three meninges layers that protect the brain

Answer 29

Dura mater
Epidural space: dural sinuses
Arachnoid mater: spider
Subarachnoid space:CSF
Pia mater: delicate connective tissue tiny blood vessels