Ch.25: Urinary System Part 1: Flashcards
7 Function of the Urinary system (kidney) includes:
- Regulation of the total volume of water and solutes in the body
- regulating the concentration of various ions
- ensuring long term acid-base balance
- excreting metabolic waste
- produce erythropoiten and renin (important for BP and production of RBC)
- Converting vit D to its active form
- Carrying out gluconeogenesis
The urinary system includes
- kidney
- urethers
- urinary bladder
- urethra
The bean shaped kidneys lie in a __________ ______
retroperitoneal position, between the dorsal body wall and the parietal peritoneum
Three layers of supportive tissue surrounding the kindey are: Listed superficial to deep.
Renal fascia: anchors kidney and adrenal gland
Perineal fat capsule: cushions kidney against blows
Fibrous capsule: transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading
__________ are the structural and functional units of the kidneys
Nephrons
The ____ ______ consist of a tuft of capillaries called glomerulus and a cup of hallow structure called bowman’s capsule.
Renal corpuscle
__________, fenestrated, makes these capillaries exceptionally porous. This property allows large amount of solute-rich but virtually protein free fluid to pass from the blood into the capsule.
Glomerulus
___________, is the raw material that the renal tubules process to form urine.
Filtrate
The parietal layer of the Renal corpuscle is _________, it plays no part in forming filtrate
Bowman’s capsule
The visceral layer of the Renal corpuscle is __________, it consist of highly modified branching epithelial cells. Cling to the basement membrane of the glomerulus. Has filitration slits,
Podocytes
The Renal tubule is 3 cm long, and consist of fourparts:
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Descending/Ascending loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting Duct
Characteristics of PCT:
- increases the surface area and capacity for reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate and secreting substances into it.
_____________, account for 85% of the nephron in the kidney. Located entirely in the cortex
Corticol nephrons
__________ ______: originate close to the cortex-medulla junction and they play an important role in the kidney’s ability to produce concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary nephrons
The afferent arterioles arise from the ______ _____ _____ that run through the renal cortex
cortical radiate arteries
The efferent arterioles feed into either the _________ _______ or _____ _____
peritubullar capillaries or the vasa recta
The ________ _________, cling closely to adjacent renal tubules and empty into nearyby venules. Only experience low pressure. Readily absorb solutes and water from the tubule cells as these substances are reclaimed from the filtrate
Peritubular capillaries
Long straight vessels called _______ _____ that extend deep into the medulla paralleling the longest nephron loops.
Vasa recta
Each nephron has ___________ _______, a region where the most distal portion of the ascending limb of the nephron loop lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus
Juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)
The ______ ______ is a group of tall closely packed cells in the ascending limb of the nephron loop that lies adjacent to the granular cells. Are chemoreceptors that monitor the NACL content of the filtrate entering the distal convulated tubules
Macula densa
The ________ ______, also called granular cells are in the arterior walls of the afferent arteriole. They are enlarged smooth muscle cells with prominent secretory granules containing the enzyme RENNIN. Act as mechanoreceptors that sense the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerula cells (JG CElls)
