Ch.25: Urinary System Part 1:

Question 1

7 Function of the Urinary system (kidney) includes:

Answer 1

1. Regulation of the total volume of water and solutes in the body
2. regulating the concentration of various ions
3. ensuring long term acid-base balance
4. excreting metabolic waste
5. produce erythropoiten and renin (important for BP and production of RBC)
6. Converting vit D to its active form
7. Carrying out gluconeogenesis

Question 2

The urinary system includes

Answer 2

• kidney
• urethers
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 3

The bean shaped kidneys lie in a __________ ______

Answer 3

retroperitoneal position, between the dorsal body wall and the parietal peritoneum

Question 4

Three layers of supportive tissue surrounding the kindey are: Listed superficial to deep.

Answer 4

Renal fascia: anchors kidney and adrenal gland
Perineal fat capsule: cushions kidney against blows
Fibrous capsule: transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading

Question 5

__________ are the structural and functional units of the kidneys

Answer 5

Nephrons

Question 6

The ____ ______ consist of a tuft of capillaries called glomerulus and a cup of hallow structure called bowman’s capsule.

Answer 6

Renal corpuscle

Question 7

__________, fenestrated, makes these capillaries exceptionally porous. This property allows large amount of solute-rich but virtually protein free fluid to pass from the blood into the capsule.

Answer 7

Glomerulus

Question 8

___________, is the raw material that the renal tubules process to form urine.

Answer 8

Filtrate

Question 9

The parietal layer of the Renal corpuscle is _________, it plays no part in forming filtrate

Answer 9

Bowman’s capsule

Question 10

The visceral layer of the Renal corpuscle is __________, it consist of highly modified branching epithelial cells. Cling to the basement membrane of the glomerulus. Has filitration slits,

Answer 10

Podocytes

Question 11

The Renal tubule is 3 cm long, and consist of fourparts:

Answer 11

• Proximal convoluted tubule
• Descending/Ascending loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting Duct

Question 12

Characteristics of PCT:

Answer 12

• increases the surface area and capacity for reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate and secreting substances into it.

Question 13

_____________, account for 85% of the nephron in the kidney. Located entirely in the cortex

Answer 13

Corticol nephrons

Question 14

__________ ______: originate close to the cortex-medulla junction and they play an important role in the kidney’s ability to produce concentrated urine

Answer 14

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 15

The afferent arterioles arise from the ______ _____ _____ that run through the renal cortex

Answer 15

cortical radiate arteries

Question 16

The efferent arterioles feed into either the _________ _______ or _____ _____

Answer 16

peritubullar capillaries or the vasa recta

Question 17

The ________ _________, cling closely to adjacent renal tubules and empty into nearyby venules. Only experience low pressure. Readily absorb solutes and water from the tubule cells as these substances are reclaimed from the filtrate

Answer 17

Peritubular capillaries

Question 18

Long straight vessels called _______ _____ that extend deep into the medulla paralleling the longest nephron loops.

Answer 18

Vasa recta

Question 19

Each nephron has ___________ _______, a region where the most distal portion of the ascending limb of the nephron loop lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus

Answer 19

Juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)

Question 20

The ______ ______ is a group of tall closely packed cells in the ascending limb of the nephron loop that lies adjacent to the granular cells. Are chemoreceptors that monitor the NACL content of the filtrate entering the distal convulated tubules

Answer 20

Macula densa

Question 21

The ________ ______, also called granular cells are in the arterior walls of the afferent arteriole. They are enlarged smooth muscle cells with prominent secretory granules containing the enzyme RENNIN. Act as mechanoreceptors that sense the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole

Answer 21

Juxtaglomerula cells (JG CElls)