Ch.27: Reproductive System Part 4 Flashcards
Production of female sex cells in a process called __________
oogenesis
fetal period the __________, the diploid stem cells of the ovaries.
oogonia
Gradually, the ______ __________ appear as the oogonia transform into primary oocyte and become surrounded with follicular cells
primodial follicles
True or false: by birth a female is presumed to have her lifetime supply of primary oocytes
true
Before puberty, all of the primordial follicles that are recruited undergo atrasia (apoptosis). Beggining at puberty _____ rescues a small number of growing follicles from that fate each month.
FSH
The larger cell, which contains nearly all the cytoplasm of the primary oocyte is the ________ ______. IT IS THIS CELL THAT IS OVULATED.
secondary oocyte
Sperm penetration into the secondary oocyte is an
ovum
Difference between OOGENESIS and SPERMATOGENESIS
1 ovum 4 sperm
The monthly series of events associated with the maturation of an egg is called the ______ _____
ovarian cycle
The ________ ________: is the period when the dominant follicle is selected and begins to secrete large amounts of estrogen. 1-14 day
Follicular phase
The _________ ______: the period of the corpus lutem acitivity days 14-28 days. The so typical ovarian cycle repeats at intervals of 28 days. with OVULATION occuring in the mid cycle
Luteal phase
____________ occurs when the ballooning ovary wall ruptures and expels the secondary oocyte, still surrounded by the corona radiata.
Ovulation
One follicle outstrips the others and is at the peak stage of maturation when the hormonal ______ stimulus is given for ovulation
LH
The onset of puberty in females is linked to the amount of adipose tissue and the messenger from fatty tissue to the hypothalamus is ________
leptin
GnRH stimulates the release of _____ & ____
FSH and LH
EFFECTS OF FSH:
- main effects on the granulos cells
- release of estrogens
________: released by the granulosa cells also exerts negative feedback controls of FSH release during this period
Inhibin
The _____ surge rouse the primary oocyte of the dominant follicle from its resting state and it completes its first meiotic division, forming a secondary oocyte that continues on to metaphase II. Triggers ovulation
LH
The uterine or _______ ____: is a series of cyclic changes that the uterine endometrium goes through each month as it responds to the waxing and warning of ovarian hormones in the blood.
Menstrual cycle
Day 1-5: ________ ____: the uterus shed all but the deepest parts of the endometrium.
Menstruation phase
Day 6-14: _________ ______: the endometrium rebuilds itself. Under the influence of rising blood levels of estrogen, the basal layer of the endometrium generates a new functional layer. The endometrium once again becomes velvety, thick and well vascularized. Ovulation, which takes less than five minutes, occurs in the ovary at the end of this stage. Due to the sudden release of LH from the anterior pituitary.
Proliferative (preovulatory) phase
Dy 15-28:_________ _______: most constant timewise, Rising levels of progesterone from the corpus luteum act on the estrogen primed endometrium. Begin secreting nutrients into the uterine cavity that will sustain the embryo until it has implanted in the blood rich endometrial lining. Progesterone levels begin to rise creating a cervical plug. If not fertilized LH blood levels decline, progesterone declines. Prepares the setting stage for menstruation to begin on day 28.
Secretory phase
________ are analogous to testosterone.
Estrogen
As estrogen levels rise during puberty they:
- promote oogenesis and follicle growth in the ovary
2. exert anabolic effects on the female reproductive tract
Secondary sex characterics by estrogen :
breast development
increasing deposition of subcutaneous fat
development of wider and lighter pelvis
Female ________ is not required for conception
orgasm
__________; as estrogen production declines, many oovarian cycles become anovulatory, while in others 2 to 4 oocytes per month are ovulated. normally occurs between the ages of 46 and 54.
Menopause
