Ch.27: Reproductive System Part 4

Question 1

Production of female sex cells in a process called __________

Answer 1

oogenesis

Question 2

fetal period the __________, the diploid stem cells of the ovaries.

Answer 2

oogonia

Question 3

Gradually, the ______ __________ appear as the oogonia transform into primary oocyte and become surrounded with follicular cells

Answer 3

primodial follicles

Question 4

True or false: by birth a female is presumed to have her lifetime supply of primary oocytes

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Before puberty, all of the primordial follicles that are recruited undergo atrasia (apoptosis). Beggining at puberty _____ rescues a small number of growing follicles from that fate each month.

Answer 5

FSH

Question 6

The larger cell, which contains nearly all the cytoplasm of the primary oocyte is the ________ ______. IT IS THIS CELL THAT IS OVULATED.

Answer 6

secondary oocyte

Question 7

Sperm penetration into the secondary oocyte is an

Answer 7

ovum

Question 8

Difference between OOGENESIS and SPERMATOGENESIS

Answer 8

1 ovum 4 sperm

Question 9

The monthly series of events associated with the maturation of an egg is called the ______ _____

Answer 9

ovarian cycle

Question 10

The ________ ________: is the period when the dominant follicle is selected and begins to secrete large amounts of estrogen. 1-14 day

Answer 10

Follicular phase

Question 11

The _________ ______: the period of the corpus lutem acitivity days 14-28 days. The so typical ovarian cycle repeats at intervals of 28 days. with OVULATION occuring in the mid cycle

Answer 11

Luteal phase

Question 12

____________ occurs when the ballooning ovary wall ruptures and expels the secondary oocyte, still surrounded by the corona radiata.

Answer 12

Ovulation

Question 13

One follicle outstrips the others and is at the peak stage of maturation when the hormonal ______ stimulus is given for ovulation

Answer 13

LH

Question 14

The onset of puberty in females is linked to the amount of adipose tissue and the messenger from fatty tissue to the hypothalamus is ________

Answer 14

leptin

Question 15

GnRH stimulates the release of _____ & ____

Answer 15

FSH and LH

Question 16

EFFECTS OF FSH:

Answer 16

• main effects on the granulos cells

- release of estrogens

Question 17

________: released by the granulosa cells also exerts negative feedback controls of FSH release during this period

Answer 17

Inhibin

Question 18

The _____ surge rouse the primary oocyte of the dominant follicle from its resting state and it completes its first meiotic division, forming a secondary oocyte that continues on to metaphase II. Triggers ovulation

Answer 18

LH

Question 19

The uterine or _______ ____: is a series of cyclic changes that the uterine endometrium goes through each month as it responds to the waxing and warning of ovarian hormones in the blood.

Answer 19

Menstrual cycle

Question 20

Day 1-5: ________ ____: the uterus shed all but the deepest parts of the endometrium.

Answer 20

Menstruation phase

Question 21

Day 6-14: _________ ______: the endometrium rebuilds itself. Under the influence of rising blood levels of estrogen, the basal layer of the endometrium generates a new functional layer. The endometrium once again becomes velvety, thick and well vascularized. Ovulation, which takes less than five minutes, occurs in the ovary at the end of this stage. Due to the sudden release of LH from the anterior pituitary.

Answer 21

Proliferative (preovulatory) phase

Question 22

Dy 15-28:_________ _______: most constant timewise, Rising levels of progesterone from the corpus luteum act on the estrogen primed endometrium. Begin secreting nutrients into the uterine cavity that will sustain the embryo until it has implanted in the blood rich endometrial lining. Progesterone levels begin to rise creating a cervical plug. If not fertilized LH blood levels decline, progesterone declines. Prepares the setting stage for menstruation to begin on day 28.

Answer 22

Secretory phase

Question 23

________ are analogous to testosterone.

Answer 23

Estrogen

Question 24

As estrogen levels rise during puberty they:

Answer 24

1. promote oogenesis and follicle growth in the ovary

2. exert anabolic effects on the female reproductive tract

Question 25

Secondary sex characterics by estrogen :

Answer 25

breast development
increasing deposition of subcutaneous fat
development of wider and lighter pelvis

Question 26

Female ________ is not required for conception

Answer 26

orgasm

Question 27

__________; as estrogen production declines, many oovarian cycles become anovulatory, while in others 2 to 4 oocytes per month are ovulated. normally occurs between the ages of 46 and 54.

Answer 27

Menopause