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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch.3: Cells, The living units > Flashcards

Ch.3: Cells, The living units Flashcards

1
Q

The building blocks of plants, and animals

A

Cells

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2
Q

A human cell has three main parts

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

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3
Q

Separates two of the body fluid: intracellular fluid within cells and extracellular fluid outside cells

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

The three lipid layer that forms the basic “ fabric” of the membrane are

A

Phospholipids, glycolipids, cholestorol, and lipid rafts

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5
Q

Lipid Layer, that contains a polar head (hydrophillic), and nonpolar tail (hydrophobic). Parallel sheets, assemble close to one another. Important in determining local membrane structures and function. 70% of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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6
Q

Lipid layer, with attached sugar groups “cell identity”, found on the outer plasma membrane surface. 5% of total cell membrane

A

Glycolipids

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7
Q

Lipid Layer , polar (hydroxl) and nonpolar (ring) , wedges between the phospholipid tail, stabilizes the membrane while decreasing mobility& fluidity of membrane 20% of cell membrane

A

Cholestorol

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8
Q

Make up about half of the plasma membrane by mass and are responsible for most of the specialized membrane functions

A

Membrane Protein

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9
Q

integral proteins main functions

A

form channels
carriers (revolving door)
receptors (signal transduction)

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10
Q

Peripheral protein are

A

network of filaments, enzymes, motor proteins (change shape), and link cells together

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11
Q

” sugar covering” enriched both by glycolipids and glycoproteins secreted by the cell, CELL RECOGNITION

A

Glycocalyx

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12
Q

homeostasis imbalance of the Glycocalyx can cause the cell to be

A

Cancerous, allows cells to keep dividing, allow to keep ahead of immune system recognition and avoid destruction

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13
Q

What are the three main cell junctions

A

tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

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14
Q

An example of a tight junction would include

A

skin, lining of the digestive tract, blood-brain barrier, testis barrier

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15
Q

An example of desmosomes would include, and what does it prevent?

A

skin & heart muscle, uterus. prevent separation

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16
Q

An example of Gap junctions would include, and what does it do?

A

neurons, cardiac & smooth muscle, communication (connexons)

17
Q

What are the two ways to move through the plasma membrane?

A

Active Transport & Passive Transport

18
Q

Two main types of passive transport are

A

Diffusion and Filtration

19
Q

Characteristics of simple diffusion

A

unassisted diffusion of lipid molecules
diffuse directly
gases,lipid soluble, alcohol, fat soluble vitamins

20
Q

Characteristics of facilitated diffusion

A

assisted diffusion of lipid molecules
carrier channels
glucose water soluble

21
Q

Define Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water molecules

22
Q

Water Diffuses through

A

Aquaporins

23
Q

What happens to the blood cell when put in a hypertonic solution?

A

The cell shrinks (crenation)

24
Q

What happens to the blood cell when put in a hypotonic solution?

A

The cell expands (hemolysis)

25
Q

What is a solution called when it has equal number of solutes and water molecules?

A

Isotonic (ex. I.V)

26
Q

What is an active transport?

A

a cell that uses energy to transport solutes across the membrane

27
Q

What are the 2 forms of active transport?

A

primary and secondary transport

28
Q

Characteristics of primary active transport are

A

energy comes directly from hydrolysis of ATP (sodium and potassium pump)

29
Q

Characteristics of secondary active transport are

A

recycled energy from primary active transport
symport system same direction
antiport system opposite direction

30
Q

Fluids containing large particle macromolecules are transported by

A

Vesicular transport

31
Q

Endocytosis is

A

moving substances into the cell

32
Q

what are the 3 types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor mediated endocytosis

33
Q

what is exocytosis, and what does it account for?

A

move substances out of the cell

it accounts for hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, mucous secretion, ejection of waste

34
Q

Apoptosis is

A

Process of control cellular suicide

35
Q

Eliminate cells that are

A

stressed
no longer needed
injured
aged

36
Q

Hyperplasia is

A

accelerated growth of cells and tissues (ex. Anemic)

37
Q

Atrophy is

A

Decrease in size of an organ or body tissues (muscular dystrophy)

Anatomy & Physiology (40 decks)

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