Ch.17: Blood

Question 1

What is blood composed of?

Answer 1

Plasma, 55%

Buffy coat, leukocytes and platelets,

Question 2

The total volume of red blood cells

Answer 2

hemotocrit

Question 3

characteristics of blood

Answer 3

sticky, opaque
scarlet to ruby red
ph: 7.35 to 7.45
38 celcius
8% of body weight
volume: 5-6L males 4-5L females

Question 4

Functions of Blood include the following:

Answer 4

Distribution: delivery of O2, transporting metabolic waste, hormones
Regulation: maintain body temperature, pH levels. fluid volume
Protection: prevent blood loss, clot formation, prevent infections, antibodies and leukocytes

Question 5

Characteristics of Plasma

Answer 5

90% wate
over 100 different solutes
plasma proteins are produced by the liver
not taken up to be used as fuels/metabolic nutrients

Question 6

Composition of Plasma:

Answer 6

Electrolytes (most abundant)
Plasma proteins (8%)
Albumim 60%
Globulins alpha, beta, and gamma 36%
Fibrinogen 4%

Question 7

It acts as a carrier to shuttle certain molecules throgh the circulation, is an important blood buffer, and is the major blood protein contributing to the plasma osmotic pressure

Answer 7

Albumim

Question 8

Formed Elements include the

Answer 8

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

Question 9

Characteristics of Erythrocytes

Answer 9

biconcave shaped, flattened discs
anucleate, lack a nucleus, no organelles
Spectrin, ability to deform and spring back to normal
huge surface area for gas exchange
97% hemoglobin, binds and supports respiratory gases
do not consume any of the oxygen, anaerobic respiration

Question 10

Functions of Erythrocytes

Answer 10

Transporting respiratory gases

Question 11

The protein that makes red blood cells red, and binds easily and reversibly with oxygen, can transport FOUR molecules of Oxygen, red blood cells contain 250 million ________. RBC can scoop up 1 billion O2

Answer 11

Hemoglobin

Question 12

Oxygen loading occurs in the lungs, from lungs to tissue cells. When oxygen binds to iron, the hemoglobin is now called ______

Answer 12

oxyhemoglobin

Question 13

In body tissues the process is reversed, Oxygen detaches from iron, hemoglobin resumes its former shape and the resulting _______, or reduced hemoglobin

Answer 13

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 14

About 20% of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood combines with hemoglobin. formation of ______

Answer 14

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 15

Blood cell formation is referred to _______, which occurs in the red bone marrow

Answer 15

hematopoiesis

Question 16

All formed elements arise from

Answer 16

Hemocytoblast

Question 17

Erythrocyte production

Answer 17

Erythropoiesis

Question 18

A glycoprotein hormone stimulates that formation of erythrocytes, made in the kidneys

Answer 18

Erythroprotein EPO

Question 19

A condition in which the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism

Answer 19

Anemia

Question 20

Is caused by blood loss, severe stab wound

Answer 20

Hemorrhagic anemia

Question 21

A result of inadequate intake of iron-containing foods and impaired iron absorption

Answer 21

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 22

An autoimmune disease that most often affects the elderly, destroys cells of their own stomach mucosa

Answer 22

Pernicous anemia

Question 23

Caused by lack of EPO

Answer 23

Renal anemia

Question 24

Result from destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation or viruses

Answer 24

Aplastic anemia

Question 25

erythrocytes rupture from mismatched blood

Answer 25

Hemolytic anemias

Question 26

Erythrocytes are deficient, thin, and delicate, common in Mediterranean ancestry

Answer 26

Thalassemias

Question 27

Caused by abnormal hemoglobin, results from change in just one of the 146 amino acids , crescent shaped

Answer 27

Sickle cell anemia

Question 28

An abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity , causing it to sludge or flow sluggishly

Answer 28

Polycthemia