Ch.17: Blood Part 2

Question 1

Characteristics of laukocytes

Answer 1

only formed elements that are complete cells
less than 1% blood volume
crucial to our defense against diseases
Diapedesis, able to slip out of the capillary blood vessels

Question 2

A white blood cell count

Answer 2

leukocytosis

Question 3

Two major categories of Leukocytes include:

Answer 3

Granulocytes ( neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

Agranulocytes (lymphocytes, and monocytes)

Question 4

List the leukocytes in order from most abundant to least abundant

Answer 4

Neutrophils
Lymphoctes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 5

Characteristic of Neutrophils

Answer 5

most numerous
Account for 50-70% of the WBC population
2x as large as RBC's, mulitilobed nucleus
Body's bacteria slayers
active phagocytes

Question 6

Characteristics of Eosinophils

Answer 6

Account 2-4% of WBC, same size as Neutrophils
Two lobes, old fashion telephone
lack enzyme that digest bacteria
counterattack against parasitic worms, that are too larged to be phagocytized

Question 7

Characteristics of Basophils

Answer 7

Rarest WBC’s account only for .5-1%

histamine, acts as a vasolidator & attracts other WBC to the inflamed site

Question 8

Characteristics of Lymphocytes

Answer 8

Second most numerous, 25% of WBC population

crucial role in immunity

Question 9

Type of lymphocyte, that functions in the immune response by acting directly against viruse-infected cells and tumor cells

Answer 9

T Lymphocytes

Question 10

Type of Lymphocytes that gives rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies that are released to the blood

Answer 10

B lymphocytes

Question 11

Characteristics of Monocytes

Answer 11

Accounts for 3-8% of WBCs
largest leukocytes, kidney shaped
Macrohages when they enter the blood stream
Actively phagocytic
Crucial in the body’s defense against viruses, certain intracellular bacterial parasite and chronic infections

Question 12

Production of white blood cells

Answer 12

Leukopoiesis

Question 13

An abnormally low white blood cell count

Answer 13

leukopenia

Question 14

overproduction of white blood cells

Answer 14

Leukemia

Question 15

Characteristics of Platelets

Answer 15

Cytoplasmic fragments of extraordinarily large cell
Act in clotting process
temporary plug that helps seal the break

Question 16

A hormone called _________ regulates the formation of platelets

Answer 16

Thrombopoietin

Question 17

When a blood vessel wall breaks, a whole series of reactions is set in motion to accomplish ________, which stops the bleeding

Answer 17

Hemostasis

Question 18

Three steps occur:

Answer 18

Vascular Spasms
Platelet Plug Formation
Coagulation

Question 19

Events that take place in Vascular Spasms

Answer 19

Chemicals are released by endothelial cells and platelets and reflexes initiated by local pain receptors
damaged blood vessels respond to injury by constricting
effective in smaller blood vessels
reduce blood loss for 20-30 mins allowing time for the next steps

Question 20

Events that take place in Platelets Plug Formation

Answer 20

platelets play a key role
forming a plug temporarily seal the break in the vessel wall
Prostaclyin, prevent platelet aggregation in undamaged tissue and restrict to the site of injury

Question 21

________ and ________, messengers that enhance vascular spasm and platelet aggregation

Answer 21

Serotonin and Thrombaxane

Question 22

Events that take place in Coagulation

Answer 22

Prothrombin activator is formed
Prothrombin is converted into thrombin
Thrombin catalyzes the joining of fibrinogen to form a fibrin mesh

Question 23

A clot that develops and persist into an unbroken blood vessel is called

Answer 23

thrombus

Question 24

Thrombus breaks away from the vessel wall and floats freely in the blood stream

Answer 24

embolus

Question 25

Obstructing a vessel

Answer 25

Embolism

Question 26

A condition in which the number of circulating platelets is deficient, causes spontaneous bleeding from a small blood vessels all over the body

Answer 26

Thrombocytopenia

Question 27

____________ are routine when blood loss is rapid and substantial

Answer 27

whole blood transfusion

Question 28

Infusions of ________, where most of plasma and leukocytes have been removed and only RBSs are present

Answer 28

Packed Red cells

Question 29

These glycoprotein and glycolipid markers are called ________, it is anything the body perceives as foreign and generates immune response.

Answer 29

Antigens

Question 30

Since these RBC antigens promote agglutination, they are more specifically called

Answer 30

Agglutinogens

Question 31

The ________ are based on the presence or absence of two agglutinogens, type A, and Type B

Answer 31

ABO blood groups

Question 32

The presence in the plasma of preformed antibodies are called ________, act against RBCs carrying ABO antigens that are not present on a person’s own red blood cells

Answer 32

Agglutinins

Question 33

Rh- mother, has Rh+ antibodies, after first pregnancy, then when second pregnancy comes along, her Rh+ antibodies go through the placenta and attack the fetus’s Red blood cells

Answer 33

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 34

When mismatched blood is infused, a _______ occurs in which the recipient’s plasma alglutinins attack the donor’s red blood cells

Answer 34

transfusion reaction

Question 35

Raises plama volume, restore loss fluid in the body, yet does not replace the oxygen-carrying capacity of the loss red blood cells

Answer 35

Plasma Expanders

Question 36

True or false Rh+ is more common than Rh-

Answer 36

True