Ch 45 pt 1

Question 1

Chemical Signaling by hormones

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

Endo

Answer 2

within

Question 3

Crine

Answer 3

secrete

Question 4

What is the Nervous system?

Answer 4

Network of specialized cells-neurons- that transmit signals along dedicated pathways

Question 5

Animals use ___ to communicate in diverse ways

Answer 5

Chemical signals

Question 6

Where do endocrine cells secrete hormones into?

Answer 6

Extracellular fluids

Question 7

What system picks up the hormones

Answer 7

Circulatory system

Question 8

What are Local Regulators?

Answer 8

Molecules that act over short distances reaching target cells by diffusion

Question 9

What happens in Paracrine signaling?

Answer 9

Target cells lie near the secreting cells

Question 10

What happens in Autocrine signaling?

Answer 10

Target cell is also the secreting cell

Question 11

Para

Answer 11

Along side

Question 12

Auto

Answer 12

Self

Question 13

What are Prostaglandins?

Answer 13

Local Regulators that mediate signaling in paracrine and autocrine signaling
Function in the immune system and blood clotting

Question 14

What is Synaptic Signaling?

Answer 14

Neurons form specialized junctions with target cells called synapses

Question 15

What are Neurotransmitters?

Answer 15

At synapses, secreted molecules that diffuse short distances and bind to receptors on target cells

Question 16

What are neurohormones? (2)

Answer 16

1) Secreted by neurosecretory cells
2) diffuse from nerve endings into the bloodstream

Question 17

Neuroendocrine signaling

Answer 17

Neurosecretory cells secrete neurohormones that diffuse from nerve endings into bloodstream

Question 18

How do some animals species communicate

Answer 18

Pheromones, chemicals that are released into the environment

Question 19

Pheromones uses (4)

Answer 19

1) Marking trails to food
2) Defining territories
3) Warning of predators
4) Attracting potential mates

Question 20

Local Regulators such as Prostaglandins are modified _______

Answer 20

fatty acids

Question 21

What are the 3 classes of local regulators?

Answer 21

1) prostaglandins
2) polypeptides
3) gases

Question 22

traits of Nitric Oxide (2)

Answer 22

1) Gas that function as both a local regulator and neurotransmitter
2) When O2 in blood falls, NO activates enzyme that results in vasodilation

Question 23

Hormones 3 major classes

Answer 23

1) Polypeptides (water soluble)
2) Steroids (lipid soluble)
3) Amines (water soluble)

Question 24

characteristics of Water soluble hormones (3)

Answer 24

1) Secreted by exocytosis
2) Travel freely in the bloodstream
3) Bind to cell surface receptors

Question 25

Lipid Soluble Hormones (4)

Answer 25

1) Diffuse across cell membranes
2) Travel in bloodstream bound to transport proteins
3) Diffuse through membrane of target cells
4) Bind to receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus of target cells

Question 26

What does Signal Transduction lead to?

Answer 26

Leads to responses in cytoskeleton, enzyme activation, or change in gene expression

Question 27

Usual response to a lipid-soluble hormone

Answer 27

Change in gene expression

Question 28

What happens when a steroid hormone binds to its cytosolic receptor

Answer 28

The receptor complex forms that will move into the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional regulator of specific target genes

Question 29

Explain how Estradiol works

Answer 29

1) Binds to cytoplasmic receptor in liver cells of female birds and frogs
2) Activates transcription of genes needed to produce egg yolk

Question 30

explain response pathway for water-soluble hormones (3)

Answer 30

1) hormone binds to a receptor on the target cell
2) signal transduction pathway
3) activated protein stimulates response

Question 31

explain response pathway for lipid-soluble hormones (3)

Answer 31

1) steroid hormone binds to the cytosolic receptor
2) complex moves to the nucleus
3) the complex acts as a transcriptional regulator