ch. 29 Flashcards
Describe alternation of generations
1) Haploid stage called the gametophyte generation
2) produces haploid gametes by mitosis
3) fusion of egg and sperm gives rise to diploid stage called sporophyte generation
4) produces haploid spores by meiosis
phyte
plant
gamet
gametes
merizein
to divide
What is meristematic tissue?
where plants sustain continuous growth
What are the 2 meristem tissue
1) shoot apical meristem
2) root apical meristem
Cells from the meristems _______ into various tissues
differentiate
the _______, a waxy covering of the epidermis
cuticle
_______, specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant
stomata
What is mycorrhizae?
symbiotic association between fungi and plants
bryo
moss
lyco
wolf
gymn
naked
sperm
seed
angio
receptacle
hept
liver
cero
waxy
antho
flower
podi
platform
Most plants have _______, cells joined into tubes for the transport of water and nutrients; these constitute the vascular plants
vascular tissue
Nonvascular plants are commonly called _______
bryophytes
Seedless vascular plants do not form a _______
clade
Organisms that are grouped based on shared key biological features, rather than shared ancestry, can be referred to as a _______
grade
Whats the differences between a clade and a grade?
Organisms that share a common feature but are not assumed to have a common ancestor can be referred to as being in the same grade.
A _______ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
seed
_______ produce seeds that are not enclosed in chambers
Gymnosperms
_______ produce seeds that develop inside chambers that originate within flowers
Angiosperms
monile
necklace
Conifer
cone bearer
Vascular plants are characterized by:
- life cycles with _______
- vascular tissues called _______
- well-developed _______ and _______
- spore-bearing leaves called _______
1) dominant sporophytes
2) xylem and phloem
3) roots and leaves
4) sporophylls
Sporangium
a vessel containing spores
What are sorus (sori)
multiple sporangium
What do antheridium produce?
sperm
What do archegonium produce?
egg
What is the function of xylem?
conducts most of the water and minerals
What does xylem contain? (2)
1) tube-shaped cells called tracheids
2) vessel elements
What are water-conducting cells strengthened by?
lignin
What is the function of phloem?
distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
What does vascular tissue allow for in plant growth?
increased height
What are roots?
organs that anchor vascular plants
What is the function of roots?
absorb water, nutrients, and oxygen from the soil
What are leaves?
organs that increase the surface area of plants to capture more solar energy
