B1.2.1 Flashcards
What is each long molecule of DNA
A chromosome
What is a gene
The short sections of DNA that code for characteristic are called genes.
What does DNA code for
The code a gene contains causes specific proteins to be made. These proteins determine the cells function.
What do combinations of genes do
Combinations of genes in an organism controls how the organism functions and what it looks like.
Structure of DNA
DNA is made up of two strands the two strands are joined together by bases. They are twisted together forming a double helix. DNA is a polymer as it’s made up of smaller nucleotides.
What are nucleotides made from
They are made up of a sugar (deoxyribose) a phosphate and a base.
What are the 4 bases
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
Base pairs
Adenine always bonds to thymine
Cytosine always bonds with guanine