9/8/12 b Flashcards
What drug is both a beta-blocker and a class III anti-arrhythmic?
sotalol
What are class IV anti-arrhythmics?
Ca++ channel blockers such as Verapimil and diltiazem.
What is the most serious potential adverse effect of class IV anti-arrhythmics?
AV block
What are the other side effects of verapimil?
gingival hyperplasia and constipation
What is fexophenadine?
2nd generation antihistaminic
What are the advantages of 2nd gen antihistamines over 1st gen?
not anti-muscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic, or anti-serotonergic; do not cross BBB = non-sedative
What is amaurosis fugax?
Fleeting loss of vision in one eye d/t embolus to ophthalmic a.
What are the findings in retinal artery occlusion?
sustained los of vision in the affected eye; pale retina w/ cherry red macula
Why does the macula remain red in a retinal artery occlusion?
separate blood supply
Temporal lobe infarcts involving the Meyer’s loop cause what visual deficit?
contralateral upper quadrantopsia
What does PAS stain?
Carbohydrates
In which hematological malignancy do you see “smudge cells”?
Small Lymphocytic Leukemia
What does CREST stand for?
Calcinosis Raynaud's phenomenon Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia
What would an accentuated pulmonic component of S2 suggest in a pt w/ scleroderma?
pulmonary arterial htn
In scleroderma, what cytoikine, released by T-lymphocytes, is thought to coordinate excess collagen deposition?
TGF-β
Kussmaul’s sign and pulsus paradoxus indicate what?
pericardial thickening or cardiac tamponade
What do integrins bind to on the basement membrane or ECM?
fibronectin, collagen, and laminin
What are 3-6 mm scaly, erythematous lesions seen on sun-exposed skin called? What can they develop into?
actinic keratosis; invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What layer of the skin is abnormal in squamous cell carcinoma? How is it abnormal?
hyperplasia of the stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis) and retention of nuclei in that layer (parakeratosis)
What is the most common skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
Pt has splenomegaly, fatigue, and pancytopenia. Abnormal cells on peripheral blood smear are positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Dx?
Hairy cell leukemia
What kind of cells are malignant in Hairy Cell Leukemia? Which CD are they?
B-cells (CD-20+)
When would renal tubular obstruction w/ urate crystals occur?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (chemo)
When would intimal fibroelastosis of the renal arterioles occur?
Hypertensive nephropathy
When would cycstic dilation of the renal collecting ducts occur?
ADPKD
Name the top 3 pathogens responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia pts w/ the flu.
- S. pneumoniae
- S. aureus
- H. influenzae
