9/8/12 b

Question 1

What drug is both a beta-blocker and a class III anti-arrhythmic?

Answer 1

sotalol

Question 2

What are class IV anti-arrhythmics?

Answer 2

Ca++ channel blockers such as Verapimil and diltiazem.

Question 3

What is the most serious potential adverse effect of class IV anti-arrhythmics?

Answer 3

AV block

Question 4

What are the other side effects of verapimil?

Answer 4

gingival hyperplasia and constipation

Question 5

What is fexophenadine?

Answer 5

2nd generation antihistaminic

Question 6

What are the advantages of 2nd gen antihistamines over 1st gen?

Answer 6

not anti-muscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic, or anti-serotonergic; do not cross BBB = non-sedative

Question 7

What is amaurosis fugax?

Answer 7

Fleeting loss of vision in one eye d/t embolus to ophthalmic a.

Question 8

What are the findings in retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 8

sustained los of vision in the affected eye; pale retina w/ cherry red macula

Question 9

Why does the macula remain red in a retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 9

separate blood supply

Question 10

Temporal lobe infarcts involving the Meyer’s loop cause what visual deficit?

Answer 10

contralateral upper quadrantopsia

Question 11

What does PAS stain?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

In which hematological malignancy do you see “smudge cells”?

Answer 12

Small Lymphocytic Leukemia

Question 13

What does CREST stand for?

Answer 13

Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia

Question 14

What would an accentuated pulmonic component of S2 suggest in a pt w/ scleroderma?

Answer 14

pulmonary arterial htn

Question 15

In scleroderma, what cytoikine, released by T-lymphocytes, is thought to coordinate excess collagen deposition?

Answer 15

TGF-β

Question 16

Kussmaul’s sign and pulsus paradoxus indicate what?

Answer 16

pericardial thickening or cardiac tamponade

Question 17

What do integrins bind to on the basement membrane or ECM?

Answer 17

fibronectin, collagen, and laminin

Question 18

What are 3-6 mm scaly, erythematous lesions seen on sun-exposed skin called? What can they develop into?

Answer 18

actinic keratosis; invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 19

What layer of the skin is abnormal in squamous cell carcinoma? How is it abnormal?

Answer 19

hyperplasia of the stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis) and retention of nuclei in that layer (parakeratosis)

Question 20

What is the most common skin cancer?

Answer 20

basal cell carcinoma

Question 21

Pt has splenomegaly, fatigue, and pancytopenia. Abnormal cells on peripheral blood smear are positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Dx?

Answer 21

Hairy cell leukemia

Question 22

What kind of cells are malignant in Hairy Cell Leukemia? Which CD are they?

Answer 22

B-cells (CD-20+)

Question 23

When would renal tubular obstruction w/ urate crystals occur?

Answer 23

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (chemo)

Question 24

When would intimal fibroelastosis of the renal arterioles occur?

Answer 24

Hypertensive nephropathy

Question 25

When would cycstic dilation of the renal collecting ducts occur?

Answer 25

ADPKD

Question 26

Name the top 3 pathogens responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia pts w/ the flu.

Answer 26

1. S. pneumoniae
2. S. aureus
3. H. influenzae