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Question 1

What pharmalogical agent can be used to treat carcinoid syndrome prior to surgery or if disease is disseminated?

Answer 1

Octreotide

Question 2

What is octreotide? What does it do?

Answer 2

Somatostatin analog; inhibits the release of many hormones, including gastrin, CCK, glucagon, growth hormone, insulin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, TSH, and VIP.

Question 3

How does octreotide combat the Sx of carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 3

slows GI secretions and motility and causes peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 4

What othe conditions are treated w/ octreotide?

Answer 4

Gigantism/acromegaly, VIPoma, and thyrotropinoma

Question 5

Where are carcinoid tumors most commonly found? What are the Sx of tumors in this location?

Answer 5

midgut; no Sx b/c products metabolized by liver before entering systemic circulation

Question 6

What is finasteride? What is it used for?

Answer 6

5-α-reductase inhibitor (prevents production of DHT; BPH

Question 7

What is flutamide? Use?

Answer 7

competitive androgen antagonist; prostate cancer

Question 8

What is the target of ondansetron?

Answer 8

inhibits 5-HT3 receptors; also inhibits stimulation by vagus n.

Question 9

What two conditions could cause jugular venous distention, hypotension, and tachycardia?

Answer 9

cardiac tamponade or tension pneumothorax

Question 10

Pt presetns w/ Sx of severe rheumatoid arthritis for past 6 mos. What drugs would you give her for immediate relief? For long-term tx?

Answer 10

Corticosteroids (or NSAIDs); MTX

Question 11

What is the classic triad of congenital birth defects d/t rubella?

Answer 11

Cataracts, sensorineural deafness, and PDA.

Question 12

How do we prophylax congenital rubella?

Answer 12

Live attenuated vaccine for women of childbearing age

Question 13

What kind of vaccine are used for HAV and rabies?

Answer 13

Killed

Question 14

What type of vaccine is used for MMR?

Answer 14

live, attenuated

Question 15

How does enfuvurtide tx HIV infection?

Answer 15

prevents fusion

Question 16

What is the main difference between the central chemoreceptors of the medulla and the peripheral chemoreceptors of the aortic and carotid bodies?

Answer 16

central respond to hypercapnia, peripheral to hypoxia

Question 17

What are pulmonary C fibers?

Answer 17

stretch receptors that determine the length of inspiration and expiration

Question 18

Budding yeast that forms germ tubes (hyphae) at 37 degrees.

Answer 18

Candida albicans

Question 19

Which vasculitis is commonly associated w/ liver necrosis? Why?

Answer 19

Polyarteritis nodosa; viral hepatitis

Question 20

What is the tx for giant cell arteritis?

Answer 20

prednisone

Question 21

How are both metronidazole and oral contraceptives metabolized?

Answer 21

Hepatic CYP450

Question 22

What does a positive straight leg raise test indicate?

Answer 22

sciatica, esp. by intervertebral disk herniation

Question 23

What is the level of the sciatic nerve roots?

Answer 23

L4-S3

Question 24

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is associated with what tumor?

Answer 24

thymoma

Question 25

Pure red cell aplasia is associated with what infection?

Answer 25

Parvovirus B19

Question 26

Cilostazol is used to treat intermittent claudication. What is its mech and 2 main effects?

Answer 26

phosphodiesterase inhibitor; prevents plt aggregation and causes vasodilation

Question 27

Pts w/ PCOS have persistently elevated levels of which 3 hormones?

Answer 27

LH, Estrogens, and Androgens