8/31/12 pt. IV Flashcards
What are the 5 T’s of congenital cyanotic heart disease?
ToF Transposition of the great vessels Truncus arteriosus, persistent Tricuspid atresia Total anomolous pulmonary venous return
What are the main effects of aldo at the distal tubules and collecting duct?
retention of Na+ and water excretion of K+ and H+
What causes muscle weakness in hyperaldosteronism?
hypokalemia
Pathogenesis of hyporeflexic paralysis in poliomyelitis.
damage to anterior horn motor neurons
What is unusual about the capsule of Bacillus anthracis?
It contains D-glutamate instead of polysaccharide.
What is the major finding on CXR in woolsorters’ disease?
Widened mediastinum –> hemorrhagic mediastinitis
Do benzos increase the frequency or duration of GABA-A receptor CL- channel opening?
frequency (Benzos are zippy!)
Whatare the 4 drugs used to treat M. tuberculosis?
RIPE Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
What are the major side effects of the TB drugs?
Rifampin - orange fluids; induce CYP450 Isoniazid - B6 def; CYP450 inhib; hepatitis Pyrazinamide - hepatotoxicity Ethambutol - optic neuritis
What are the Sx of B6 deficiancy?
peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, seizures
What renal toxicity is caused by aminoglycoside Abx?
acute tubular necrosis
What is substance P? What opposes its action in the PNS?
11-polypeptide pain neurotransmitter; capsaicin
What are the main side effects of nicotinic acid (niacin), used to treat hyperlipidemia? How do yoou prevent them?
cutaneous flushing, warmth, itching; aspirin
What mediates “red-man syndrome” assoc’ed w/ vancomycin tx?
histamine
What are the 2 ways amphotericin B causes renal toxicity?
- renal vasoconstriction –> low GFR 2. ATN
What 2 ions should be supplemented in amphotericin B tx?
Mg ++, K+
Which cells are directly responsible for vascular intimal thickening, e.g. in atherosclerosis?
smooth muscle cells
PTU vs. methimazole for hyperthyroidism tx.
Methimazole: inhibits thyroperoxidase only; harm to fetus PTU: also inhibits T4–>T3 BOTH may cause agranulocytosis
What drugs competitively inhibit iodine uptake by the thyroid?
perchlorate and pertechnate
How does parvovirus B19 infection manifest in adults?
mimics rheumatoid arthritis but resolves spontaneously.
In subfalcine herniation, the _______ may herniate under the flx cerebri, poterntially compressing the _______.
cingulate gyrus; Ant. Cerebral A.
The _______ is the brain structure most likely to herniate through the foramen magnum.
cerebellar tonsil(s)
What visual field defect would result from compression of the PCA on one side (as might occur in uncal herniation)?
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia w/ macular sparing
What would result from one cerebellar peduncle being compressed against the tentorium cerebelli? Why?
ipsilateral hemiparesis d/t compression of the contralateral corticospinal tract.
